我国河长制存在的问题与完善路径,硕士论文.docx
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1、我们国家河长制存在的问题与完善路径,硕士论文改革开放以来,我们国家的经济和社会实现了快速的增长及长足的发展,但超常 规的开发建设造成的资源承载能力缺乏和发展后劲疲软问题也特别突出,十分是 水资源短缺问题日益显现,水污染事件频发高发,水生态环境的安全遭到严重威 胁。因而,从制度机制上推进水资源保卫和水环境治理能力和治理体系,保障经 济社会与自然环境协调发展显得尤为重要。研究河长制近年来的发展变化,结合 (环境保卫法(水法(水污染防治法及地方相关规定进行分析发现,尽管 河长制经过长达十多年的推行产生了良好的治水效果和生态效益,相关媒体、社 会公众对其也多有称赞,但囿于 河长制 内生的条块分割、多头
2、管理和行政区 划等方面在国家法律层面调整及规制缺乏,加之各地在治理制度、方式方法措施、实 施力度、保障能力等方面的差异,推行效果和可持续发展并不平衡,甚至产生了 负面影响而遭到质疑,一定意义上也暴露出我们国家在水污染防治、水环境治理、水 生态恢复治理体系和治理能力上存在着短板和缺陷。 本文在全面梳理中外成功经历体验和我们国家河长制当前存在问题的基础上,从综合 的视角提出了河长制完善的途径,即应从河长制的历史地位和现今以及将来河长 对于各种水源、水体、水系等在内的所有水资源、水环境、水生态进行治理和保 护所发挥的的作用或释放的潜能来考量,在制度机制的构建上需要因应国家和社 会对水污染治理、水环境
3、保卫、水生态恢复等情势变化的新要求,改变过去那种 立法分散、衔接不畅、协同规制缺乏的状况,将水法、水污染防治法、水污染防 治行动计划等有关河长制的规定,以、出台的(关于全面推行河 长制的意见作为指导,优化治理构造和治理体系、整合相关制度机制,制定河 长制行政法规,促进河长制升级、扩容、提档,进一步健全和完善 河长制 管 理体制与水资源保卫及水环境治理的管控机制,强化法治措施、弱化人治色彩并 理顺二者之间的关系,推动水治理、水保卫的综合化和体系化,实现河长制与水 流域整体治理机制互相贯穿,且使其在不断发展的经过中能够得以完善自我,创 新出愈加融合、更为科学、更能长效的规制体系和保障机制,为水生态
4、环境永续 发展保驾护航。 本文关键词语:河长制 问责机制 流域 水污染 Abstract Since the reform and opening up, China s economy and society have achieved rapid growth and rapid development, but the lack of resources carrying capacity and weak development potential caused by unconventional development and construction are also very p
5、rominent, especially the shortage of water resources is becoming increasingly prominent, and frequent water pollution events make the water ecological environment security seriously threatened. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote the ability and system of water resources protection an
6、d water environment treatment from the perspective of institutional mechanism, and ensure the coordinated development of economic society and natural environment. Based on the analysis of the development and changes of the system in recent years, combined with the environmental protection law, water
7、 law, water pollution prevention and control law and relevant local regulations, it is found that although the system has produced good water control effect and ecological benefit after more than ten years of implementation, and the relevant media and the public praise it, However, due to the lack o
8、f adjustment and regulation at the national legal level in terms of the internal division of the Hezhang system , multi management and administrative division, as well as the differences in the governance system, methods and measures, implementation strength and guarantee ability in different region
9、s, the implementation effect and sustainable development are not balanced, and even have a negative impact, which is questioned. In a certain sense, it also reveals that there are short boards and defects in water pollution prevention and control, water environment treatment, water ecological restor
10、ation management system and management ability in China. Based on a comprehensive review of the successful experience at home and abroad and the existing problems in the system, this paper puts forward a comprehensive way to improve the system, that is to say, from the historical position of the sys
11、tem and the role or potential released by the system in harnessing and protecting all kinds of water resources, water environment and water ecology, including various water sources, water bodies and water systems It can be considered that in the construction of institutional mechanism, it is necessa
12、ry to meet the new requirements of the state and Society for water pollution control, water environment protection, water ecological restoration and other changes, change the past situation of decentralized legislation, poor convergence and insufficient coordination regulation, and take the provisio
13、ns of water law, water pollution prevention and control law, water pollution prevention and control action plan and other relevant river system as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council Under the guidance of the opinions on comprehensively implementing the Hezhan
14、g system , we will optimize the governance structure and governance system, integrate relevant institutional mechanisms, formulate administrative regulations, promote the upgrading, expansion and upgrading of the Hezhang system, further improve and perfect the Hezhang system management system and th
15、e management and control mechanism of water resource protection and water environment governance, strengthen legal measures, weaken the color of human governance, and Straighten out the relationship between the two, promote the integration and systematization of water governance and water protection
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