Newspaper Articles - Citing Medicine - NCBI Bookshelf.docx

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1、Newspaper Articles - Citing Medicine - NCBI BookshelfNCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers Internet. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): Na

2、tional Library of Medicine (US); 2007-. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers Internet. 2nd edition.Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor.Bethesda (MD): ; 2007-.Search term Chapter 8Newspaper Articles Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2021. Sample

3、 Citation and Introduction to Citing Newspaper Articles The general format for a reference to a newspaper article, including punctuation: References to articles in newspapers are very similar to those for journal articles (see ). Thereare 5 major differences:Names of newspapers are never abbreviated

4、 (e.g., The Washington Postnot Wash Post), although a leading The may be dropped ifdesired.The location where a newspaper is published is added to the title if thenewspaper title does not indicate it, either within or after the title,as appropriate.Section information, if present, replaces volume an

5、d issueinformation.Only the beginning page number of an article is included.Column location is added. When a newspaper article has an author or authors, it is said to be signed. Newspaper articles may be signed either at the beginning of the article or at itsconclusion. If the article is signed, beg

6、in the reference with the surname (familyname or last name) of the author; if the article is unsigned, begin the referencewith the title of the article; the use of anonymous is not permitted. The specific edition of a newspaper is a required component of a citation. The same article may or may not a

7、ppear in different editions, and the text of an articleoften varies among editions. Cite an Internet newspaper article as you would a print newspaper article, but with these major exceptions:Use the word Internet in square brackets as the after the newspaper titleInclude any update or revision date

8、if there is one and a date ofcitation in square brackets following the date of publicationWhen a location (pagination) for the article is not provided, as oftenoccurs, calculate the length of the article using the best meanspossible, e.g., in terms of print pages, screens, or paragraphsProvide the U

9、RL or other electronic address of the article The source for title and other newspaper information is, in order of preference: (1) the title page or home page of the newspaper and (2) the masthead. Continue to . Continue to . Citation Rules with Examples for Newspaper Articles Components/elements ar

10、e listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An Rafter the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after thename means it is optional. | | | | | | | | | | | Author for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rules for AuthorList names in the order they appear in the t

11、extEnter surname (family or last name) first for each authorCapitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as theyappear in the document cited on the assumption that the authorapproved the form used. For example: Van Der Hornor van der Horn; De Wolfor de Wolf or DeWolf.Convert given (first) na

12、mes and middle names to initials, for amaximum of two initials following each surnameGive all authors, regardless of the numberSeparate author names from each other by a comma and a spaceEnd author information with a periodSpecific Rules for Author Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

13、. Other surname rules. Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle. Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name. Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III. Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-base

14、d languages (Chinese, Japanese). Organization as author. No author can be found. Options for author names. Examples for Author1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.Article Title for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rules for Article TitleEnter the title of an article as it appears in the originaldocumentCapitaliz

15、e only the first word of a title, proper nouns, properadjectives, acronyms, and initialismsUse a colon followed by a space to separate a title from asubtitle, unless some other form of punctuation (such as aquestion mark, period, or an exclamation point) is alreadypresentFollow non-English titles wi

16、th a translation whenever possible;place the translation in square bracketsEnd a title with a period unless a question mark or exclamationpoint already ends itSpecific Rules for Article Title Article titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or other special character. Article titles with

17、headers. Article titles not in English. Translated article titles ending in punctuation other than a period.Examples for Article Title8. 9. 10.Newspaper Title (required)General Rules for Newspaper TitleEnter a newspaper title in the original languageDo not omit or abbreviate any words in a newspaper

18、 title, withthe exception of a leading The which may be dropped ifdesiredAdd the location where published if it is not included in thetitle: Bergen County (NJ) Record and Daily Nation (Nairobi). See below.End the newspaper title with a period unless an or a is included Location added. Specific Rules

19、 for Newspaper Title Newspaper titles not in English. Options for newspaper titles. Examples for Newspaper Title11. 12. 13. 14.Edition for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rules for EditionIndicate the edition being cited after the title when a newspaperis published in more than one editionCapit

20、alize each significant word and place other words, such asarticles, conjunctions, and prepositions in lower caseExpress numbers representing editions in arabic ordinals. Forexample: second becomes 2nd and III becomes 3rd.Abbreviate common words such as edition (see )Place the edition statement in pa

21、rentheses, such as (FinalEd.)End the edition statement with a period after the closingparenthesis unless the is included Abbreviation rules for editions. Specific Rules for Edition Non-English words for editions. Both a location and an edition included. Examples for Edition12.Type of Medium for News

22、paper Articles (required)General Rules for Type of MediumIndicate the specific type of medium (Internet, microfiche,ultrafiche, microfilm, microcard, etc.) following the title (andedition, if present) when a newspaper article is read on theInternet or appears in a microformPlace the name of the medi

23、um in square brackets and end with aperiod. For example: microfiche.Add information about the medium according to the instructionsunder below. If the medium is Internet, thereis no physical description.Examples for Type of Medium20. 23.Date of Publication for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rul

24、es for Date of PublicationInclude the year, month, and day of publication in that order.For example: 2004 May 5.Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers, such as MM to 2000Use English names for months and abbreviate them using the firstthree letters, such as JanEnd date information with a semicolon

25、unless no section letter, number, or name is found (see below). Exception is if using a volume and issue in place of a section (see below). No section letter, number, or name is found. Optional volume and issue numbers used instead of section information.Specific Rules for Date of Publication Non-En

26、glish names for months. Options for date of publication. Examples for Date of Publication3. 9. 10. 18.Section Letter, Number, or Name for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rules for Section Letter, Number, or NameAbbreviate Section to Sect.Follow Sect. with the letter, number, or name of the sect

27、ionConvert roman numerals used for section numbers into arabicnumerals, such that II becomes 2End section information with a colonSpecific Rules for Section Letter, Number, or Name Section with a name instead of a letter or number. No section letter, number, or name is found. Examples for Section Le

28、tter, Number, or Name3. 15. 16. 17. 18.Location (Pagination) for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rules for Location (Pagination)Pagination in a newspaper article differs from pagination in allother types of publications in that only the first page of thearticle is usedGive the beginning page nu

29、mber on which the article appearsInclude a letter when it precedes the page number only when usingthe options provided in End pagination information with a space Letters before page numbers. Specific Rules for Location (Pagination) Roman numerals used as page numbers. Examples for Location (Paginati

30、on)1. 2. 19.Column Number for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rules for Column NumberGive the number of the column on which the article beginsPrecede the number with col.Place column information in parentheses, as (col. 3)End column information with a period outside the closingparenthesisExampl

31、es for Column Number1. 2.Physical Description for Newspaper Articles (optional)General Rules for Physical DescriptionGive information on the location of an article and its physicalcharacteristics when the newspaper appears in a microform(microfilm, microfiche, etc.). For example: microfiche 2 of 3mi

32、crofiche: color, 2 x 4 in.Specific Rules for Physical Description Language for describing physical characteristics. Examples for Physical Description20.Language for Newspaper Articles (required)General Rules for LanguageGive the language of publication if other than EnglishCapitalize the language na

33、meFollow the language name with a periodExamples for Language9. 10.Notes for Newspaper Articles (optional)General Rules for NotesNotes is a collective term for any type of useful informationgiven after the citation itselfComplete sentences are not requiredBe briefSpecific Rules for Notes Dateline. O

34、ther types of material to include in notes. Examples for Notes21. 22.Examples of Citations to Newspaper Articles1. Standard signed newspaper article Gaul G. When geography influences treatment options. Washington Post (MarylandEd.). 2005 Jul 24;Sect. A:12 (col. 1). Harris G. FDA orders recall of int

35、ravenous pumps. New York Times (Washington Final). 2005 Jun 22;Sect. A:12 (col. 1). Levine S. Obesity increase creating special needs. Miami Herald (Final Ed.). 2006 Jan 4;Sect. A:4 (col. 2). Fialka JJ. How mercury rules designed for safety end up polluting. Wall Street Journal. 2006 Apr 20;Sect. A:

36、1 (col. 1).with optional full name Fialka, John J. How mercury rules designed for safety end up polluting. Wall Street Journal. 2006Apr 20;Sect. A:1 (col. 1).2. Standard unsigned newspaper article Major decline in U.S. deaths is recorded. New York Times (Washington Final). 2006Apr 20;Sect. A:14 (col

37、. 6). Woman in L.A. tests positive for plague. Richmond Times-Dispatch. 2006 Apr 20;Sect. A:7 (col. 6).3. Standard newspaper article with optional volume and issue numbers Taking steps back to normal after novel rabies therapy. New York Times (NationalEd.). 2005 Dec 25;155(53439):23 (col. 3).4. News

38、paper article with author surname showing designations of rank withina family Maugh TH 2nd. Cancerdeaths decline for 1st time since 1930: the drop in U.S. is slight but marks amilestone, as advances catch up with demographics. Los Angeles Times. 2006 Feb9;Sect. A:6 (col. 1). McNeil DG Jr. Dogs train

39、ed to sniff out cancer: experts skeptical of 99% accuracy claim. ChicagoTribune (Final Ed.). 2006 Jan 17:2 (col. 3).5. Newspaper article with compound author surname Perez-Pena R. Chernobyltakes its toll among emigres in U.S. New York Times (Washington Final). 2006 Apr20;Sect. A:23 (col. 1). Edershe

40、im Kalb P. Finding out whats in your water. Wall Street Journal. 2006 Apr 20;Sect. D:2 (col.3).6. Newspaper article with author surnames having particles or prefixes (giveas found in the article) OBrian B. For oneminority, a bias thats just so not right. Washington Post (Maryland Ed.). 2006Aug 13;Se

41、ct. D:1 (col. 1). McCollum DG. More abuse victims would tell doctors - if doctors would ask. (Minneapolis) Star-Tribune(Metro Ed.). 1996 Feb 3;Sect. A:23 (col. 1). LaFraniere S. Angola is hit by cholera outbreak. New York Times (Washington Final). 2006 Apr 20;Sect.A:6 (col. 6). von Eberstein L. Reco

42、very role cited at NABOR installation. (New Orleans) Times-Picayune. 2006 Jan 22:99(col. 3).7. Newspaper article with an organization as author Bloomberg News. 3 drugmakers gain as top sellers keep up pace. New York Times (Washington Final). 2006Apr 20;Sect. C:13 (col. 1). Associated Press. Mumps ou

43、tbreak spreading in Midwest. Richmond Times-Dispatch. 2006 Apr 20;Sect. A:3(col. 1).8. Newspaper article with subtitle Vergano D, Lefort M. Stem cell implants in apes brains bringwarning: panel issues researchguidelines and cites the moral dimension. USA Today. 2005Jul 18;Sect. D:4 (col. 2).9. Newsp

44、aper article in a language other than English Se retractan cientificos sudcoreanos;admiten mentiras sobre la clonacion. La Jornada (MexicoCity). 2006 Jan 5;Sect. A:3 (col. 1). Spanish. Tchernobyl, 20 ans apres: le vrai impact en France. Le Monde (France Metropolitan). 2006 Apr 25:1(col. 5). French.1

45、0. Newspaper article in a language other than English with optionaltranslated title Se retractan cientificos sudcoreanos; admiten mentiras sobre la clonacionSouth Korean scientists retractthemselves; they admit lies on cloning. La Jornada (MexicoCity). 2006 Jan 5;Sect. A:3 (col. 1). Spanish. Tcherno

46、byl, 20 ans apres: le vrai impact en France Chernobly, 20 years after: the real impact on France. Le Monde (France Metropolitan). 2006 Apr 25:1 (col.5). French.11. Newspaper title with city of publication added for clarification Njera C. Warning over diabetes monitors: touch glucose meters have fail

47、ed to makethe grade, says US regulator. Daily Nation (Nairobi). 2006 Jan 5;Sect. 2:23(col. 1). McCollum DG. More abuse victims would tell doctors - if doctors would ask. (Minneapolis)Star-Tribune (Metro Ed.). 1996 Feb 3;Sect. A:23 (col. 1). Tanner L. Juniors chubby cheeks are cute, but they might never go away: study says overweight toddlers likely to keep on those pounds. The Recor