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1、固定化酶领域不同纳米复合材料的应用性能综述(9),生物技术论文5总结与瞻望。 随着纳米材料研究的不断深切进入,纳米复合材料在固定化酶领域已经广为研究, 并获得大量成果,尤其在硅基材料和碳基材料上研究得最为广泛。 利用纳米材料得良好生物相容性、大比外表积及易于修饰的外表等特性,能够提高酶负载量和保存最大酶活,如介孔硅和石墨烯已成为实验室固定化酶的常用载体。 将拥有不同特性的纳米材料复合得到新的载体,能够在继承其本身所固有优点的同时解决单一材料某些方面的缺点,如固定化效率低、分离困难、影响酶构造等。 尽管如此,纳米复合材料固定化酶仍存在一些需要进一步研究、解决的问题:1 复合的纳米材料在制备上与单
2、一材料固定化酶相比, 流程较为复杂,成本较为昂贵,限制了纳米复合材料固定化酶在工业上的应用;2 通常纳米复合材料多需要进行外表修饰,一些较为复杂的外表修饰方式方法会在一定程度上降低酶的活性,利用复合材料本身对酶强大的吸附能力实现固定化方面的研究较少;3 复合材料种类的选择具有一定的盲目性,大多是根据材料本来属性进行尝试得到相应复合载体,没有能从酶构造特征和实际应用出发设计高效的固定化载体,所得载体未必是复合性能最佳的选择;4 现前阶段研究的重点主要放在纳米复合材料固定化酶的制备经过上,对于所得固定化酶的催化反响应用方面的研究较少,限制了纳米复合材料进一步在工业上的应用。 发展制备简易、更为高效
3、、适用性广的纳米复合材料仍需要我们进一步深切进入研究。 通过分子模拟和表征分析,研究载体和酶之间的结合机理和酶活性部位构象的变化机制,进而理性设计固定化载体材料种类及构造,进一步解决固定化载体所带来的分配效应、空间障碍效应和扩散限制效应,深切进入讨论酶与载体外表之间的作用机理,能够更深更广的拓展纳米复合材料固定化酶的应用范围,将使其在生物传感器、生物燃料电池、污水处理、药物研制等方面拥有光明的发展前景。 以下为参考文献: 1 Tran D N, Balkus K J. ACS Catal., 2018,18:956-968. 2 Rodrigues R C, Ortiz C, Berengue
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