械增氧下底质与吊养深度对太湖河蚬的影响研究,环境工程硕士论文.docx
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1、械增氧下底质与吊养深度对太湖河蚬的影响研究,环境工程硕士论文本文通过文献资料整理、室内模拟实验、室外模拟实验等方式方法研究了温度与食物质量对太湖河蚬摄食和排泄影响,底质与溶解氧对太湖河蚬生长影响,在这里基础上开展了机械增氧时底质与吊养深度对太湖河蚬生长影响研究,以期为河蚬在水生态修复中的应用提供科学支撑。所得的结果如下:通过室内实验模拟温度和食物质量两个因素对河蚬摄食和排泄的影响,温度设置在20 32之间,食物质量为藻华湖水、50%藻华湖水+ 50%绿藻、绿藻、50%绿藻+ 50%蓝藻、蓝藻5种,通过测定不同条件下河蚬的摄食率与排泄率,以研究温度与食物质量对河蚬生存状态的影响。结果表示清楚:河
2、蚬的摄食率会随着温度的升高而升高,在24到达最大后逐步降低。温度与食物质量对河蚬摄食和排泄活动具有交互影响,而食物质量对河蚬摄食的影响力会在高温胁迫下减弱。夏季高温时河蚬的高能耗,以及太湖蓝藻水华爆发造成食物的低质量,导致河蚬可用于生长和繁衍的能量锐减,这可能是其种群衰退的重要原因之一。通过室外受控实验的形式,将太湖底泥与石英砂混匀作为混合底质简称混合,太湖底泥混匀作为湖泥底质简称湖泥。以吊养水深与溶氧负相关的关系,水深1 m为高氧处理,水深2 m为低氧处理。溶解氧和底质类型分别组合,构成低氧混合、高氧混合、低氧湖泥、高氧湖泥四个处理组,通过测定河蚬在不同处理条件下的存活率和生长,来揭示环境因
3、素对河蚬种群的影响。结果表示清楚:水体溶氧含量与底质类型对河蚬的存活率具有显着影响,在低氧环境中混合底质能将河蚬的存活率提高50%以上,可见良好的底质能够显着提高河蚬的存活率。在混合底质中河蚬的生长率和肥满度都高于湖泥底质,在使用河蚬进行水生态修复时,良好的底质能够改善河蚬的生境质量,并提高其生态效益。通过室外受控实验的形式,测定河蚬在机械增氧的环境中不同底质和吊养水深的存活和生长情况,以反映生态修复中机械增氧对河蚬的影响。实验根据底质类型和吊养水深分为混合2 m、混合1 m、湖泥2 m、湖泥1 m四个处理组,以存活率、生长率、肥满度等作为河蚬生长存活的指标。结果表示清楚:通过机械增氧固然能够
4、增加河蚬在修复水体中的存活率,但增氧曝气产生的水流会影响河蚬摄食的稳定性,进而影响水体修复的效率。在机械增氧的环境下,良好的底质能够增加河蚬的相对生长率,不同水深对河蚬的存活和生长并无显着的影响。可见吊样方式并不能在机械增氧的环境中减少曝气对河蚬生长的影响,为河蚬在水生态修复中的应用提供参考。本文关键词语: 浅水湖泊 贝类 滤食 环境因子 摄食率 排泄率 存活率 生长率。AbstractBased on the collection and sorting of paper, controlled experiment, laboratory experiments methods, we s
5、tudied the effects of temperature and food quality on the feedingand excretion of Corbicula fluminea of Taihu Lake, and the effects of substrate and dissolved oxygen on the survival and growth of C. fluminea of Taihu Lake. On this basis,the effects of mechanical oxygen addition on the survival and g
6、rowth of C. fluminea of Taihu Lake under different substrate and water depth were carried out, the purpose of thisstudy is to provide scientific support for the application of river sturgeon in aquatic ecological restoration. The results were as follows:The effects of temperature and food quality on
7、 feeding and excretion of C. fluminea were simulated through laboratory experiments. Seven experimental temperatures were set between 20 and 32 , and five different food quality, i.e. 100% lake water, 50% lake water + 50% Scenedesmus obliquus, 100% Scenedesmus obliquus, 50% Scenedesmus obliquus + 50
8、% Microcystis aeruginosa, 100% Microcystis aeruginosa, were considered.Feeding rates and excretion rates of C. fluminea under different conditions were measured.The results indicated that feeding rate of clams increased with the temperature, and then decreased gradually after reaching the maximum te
9、mperature of 24 . The temperatureand food quality had significant impacts on feeding rates and excretion rates, and the effects of the two factors were interacted. The effect of food quality on the feeding rate of C. fluminea was weakened under the stress of high temperature. The high temperature in
10、 summer would lead to high energy consumption, and the outbreak of cyanobacteria bloomswould result in low food quality. Thus, these two factors would reduce the amount of energy available to C. fluminea for growth and reproduction, which could be one of themain reasons for population decline of C.
11、fluminea in Lake Taihu.Through the controlled experiment, Taihu Lake sediment was mixed with quartz sand as the mixed sediment (mixing), and Taihu Lake sediment was mixed as the lake sediment(lake mud). Based on the negative correlation between suspended water depth and dissolved oxygen, a water dep
12、th of 1 m is a high oxygen treatment, and a water depth of 2m is a low oxygen treatment. The types of dissolved oxygen and sediment were combined to form four treatment groups, i.e. low oxygen mixing, high oxygen mixing, low oxygenlake mud and high oxygen lake mud. By measuring the survival rate and
13、 growth of C.fluminea under different treatment conditions, the influence of environmental factors on the survival and development of C. fluminea was revealed. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen content and the type of sediment had significicant effects on the survivalrate of C. fluminea,
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