桥墩布设形式对弯道水流水力特性的影响,水利工程硕士论文.docx
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1、桥墩布设形式对弯道水流水力特性的影响,水利工程硕士论文摘 要 随着我们国家涉河桥梁工程建设的不断发展与建设,桥梁工程逐步成为河流两岸人员、物质和文化沟通的重要载体。涉河桥梁的基础设施建设势必对桥梁附近河床阻力、河流河势、行洪能力及岸堤稳定产生众多不利影响。因而预测和计算桥墩附近壅水规律和流场构造等水力特性,评估桥梁建设后对河势的改变趋势,具有积极的意义。 本文首先分析总结了前人对涉河桥梁上游壅水和下游河势影响等方面的研究成果,在这里基础上以物理模型试验为基础开展弯道河流中涉河桥梁对水流水力特性的影响研究。分析相应的水力参数及变化规律,针对相关问题进行数值模拟。 主要研究内容和结论如下: (1)
2、 建立物理模型,对弯道河流桥墩附近水位壅高和流速变化特性进行了试验研究。基于试验结果计算了桥墩局部水头损失系数。基于边界层理论,通过动量方程与连续方程计算了绕流阻力系数。根据试验和计算得到的水力参数,通过水力学分析对当前应用较为广泛的 Yarnell 公式进行改良,获得了计算桥梁上游最大水位壅高的改良计算方式方法。 (2) 在试验基础上,应用Fluent 软件进行了数值模拟。根据数值模拟结果率定了 Yarnell 公式改良项中新引进的参数,使用改良后的计算公式计算桥梁上游最大水位壅高,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好。分析桥墩周围流场构造,结果表示清楚,正交布置桥墩使弯道水流流速分布趋于均匀化;除此
3、之外,在桥墩绕流与弯道环流耦合作用下,不同水深处桥墩周围流场构造差异性较大。 (3) 根据试验和模拟结果,在桥河斜交时桥墩上游壅水高度随桥河斜交角度增加而逐步降低,拟合出了壅水高度折减系数与斜交角度的线性关系式。分析不同斜交角度时弯道水流左右岸水位、桥墩下游水流流速及桥下水流偏转角度等指标,量化桥墩对水流偏导程度,结果显示,桥河斜交角度在 2025时为最不利工况。 本文关键词语 : 弯道水流;物理模型;数值模拟;桥墩;壅水;流场。 Abstract With the continuous development and construction of river related BridgeE
4、ngineering in China, bridge engineering has gradually become an important carrierof personnel, material and cultural exchanges between the two sides of the river. Theinfrastructure construction of river bridge is bound to have many adverse effects onthe resistance of riverbed near the bridge, river
5、regime, flood carrying capacity andbank stability. Therefore, it is of positive significance to predict and calculate thebackwater law and flow field structure near the bridge pier, and evaluate the changetrend of river regime after the bridge construction. This paper first analyzed and summarized t
6、he previous research results onupstream backwater and downstream river regime of river related bridges. On thisbasis, based on the physical model test, the influence of river related bridges on flowhydraulic characteristics in curved river was studied. Analysis of the correspondinghydraulic paramete
7、rs and variation, numerical simulation for related problems. Themain research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1A physical model was established to research the characteristics ofbackwater level and velocity variation near the pier in curved river. Based on the testresults, the local head lo
8、ss coefficient of the pier was calculated. The drag coefficientwas calculated by momentum equation, continuity equation and boundary layer theory. According to the hydraulic parameters obtained from the test and calculation, throughthe derivation of the hydraulic formula, the Yarnell formula, which
9、is widely used atpresent, was improved, and a new calculation method for calculating the maximumbackwater level in the upstream of the bridge was obtained. 2The numerical simulation was carried out on the basis of the experiment byusing FLUENT software. According to the numerical simulation results,
10、 the newlyintroduced parameters in the improved Yarnell formula was calibrated, and themaximum backwater level of the bridge upstream calculated by the improved formulawas in good agreement with the experimental results. The structure of flow fieldaround the piers is analyzed. The results show that
11、the orthogonal arrangement ofpiers makes the flow velocity distribution in the bend uniform. At the same time, theflow field around the piers is quite different in different water depths under the coupling effect of the flow around the piers and the circulation in the bend. 3The backwater height of
12、the upstream pier decreases with the increase of theskew angle of the bridge and river when the bridge and river cross obliquely. According to the test and simulation results, the linear relationship between thereduction factor of backwater height and the skew angle was fitted. According to thestati
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