数字设计课件第9章存储器、cpld和fpga.ppt
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1、Chapter 9 Memory、CPLD and FPGA本章只要求存储器中的本章只要求存储器中的ROM及其用及其用于组合逻辑电路的设计于组合逻辑电路的设计2/17/20232/17/2023chapter 9memorymemoryROM(read-only memory)RAM(random-access memory)Non-volatile while powered downVolatile while powered downOften be used store firmware or initial program of the computerData exchange a
2、nd storing temporarily in CPU or other microprocessormemory:store bits in a structured way2/17/2023chapter 99.1 Read-Only Memory(ROM)9.1 Read-Only Memory(ROM)1.basic strcture2nb ROMn-bit address inputb-bit data outputA0A1A2An-2An-1D0D1Db-1D0Db-1000An-1A0001111b-bit datasketch map of RAM2/17/2023chap
3、ter 92.Internal ROM structureRow(address)decoderA0A1An-1storage array(Mb)D0Db-1output circuit01Maddress input Data output2/17/2023chapter 9word line bit lineaddress decoder输出电路输出电路address inputa data stored unitdata stored arrayData outputhas diode:store 1no diode:store 084 ROM structure2/17/2023cha
4、pter 93.Two-dimensional decoding1281ROM000000000011110010000001111111100001111111地址地址2/17/2023chapter 9MOS transistors as storage elementsMOS transistors as storage elements2/17/2023chapter mercial ROM mercial ROM typesmask-programmable ROM,array connections are programmed during semiconductor manuf
5、acture using a mask.very fast.very dense.expensive,2-4 week turn-around,low powerProgrammable ROM(PROM),fuses to program once in the field,use PROM programmer,inexpensiveword linebit linefuse2/17/2023chapter 9EPROM(Erasable PROM),fuses implemented using floating-gate MOS transistors to program 10k10
6、0k times in the field,erased by flooding with UV light.E2PROM(Electrically EPROM),byte-program,individual stored bits may be erased electrically.flash E2PROM,a specific type of E2PROM that is erased and programmed in large blocks2/17/2023chapter 9floating-gate MOS storage elementsfloating-gate MOS s
7、torage elementserased by UV light2/17/2023chapter 9按照数据的输入按照数据的输入/输出分为串行输出分为串行EEPROM和并行和并行EEPROM。串行串行EEPROM:在读写数据时,输入:在读写数据时,输入/输出时通过输出时通过2线、线、3线、线、4线或线或SPI总线等接口方式进行的。总线等接口方式进行的。并行并行EEPROM:数据的输入:数据的输入/输出是通过并行总线进输出是通过并行总线进行的。行的。近期,低功耗,写入近期,低功耗,写入/擦除速度快的产品很多,如擦除速度快的产品很多,如Microchip公司的新型公司的新型8千位、千位、16千位
8、串行千位串行EEPROM,最快时钟,最快时钟10MHZ,写入时间,写入时间5ms,电流,电流3mA,内置写内置写保护功能,可保存数据达保护功能,可保存数据达200年,承受年,承受100万次擦写。万次擦写。Atmel公司的公司的AT24C系列系列2/17/2023chapter 95.Using ROM for“random”combinational logic functionsStore the output value of a given truth table in the ROM,the function inputs are connected to the address in
9、put.Exp1:the dual polarity decoder.(P.801)POLI1I0Y3 Y2 Y1 Y00000111001101101011010111110100100010101001100010111000184 ROMA0A1A2D0D1D3D2POLI1I0Y0Y1Y2Y32/17/2023chapter 9Exp2:44 multiplierExp2:44 multiplier每行第一个每行第一个数据单元的数据单元的地址地址每行包含每行包含16个数据单元的数据个数据单元的数据2/17/2023chapter 9More Exp.:ROM在同步时序电路设计中的应用在
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