高考英语虚拟语气详解课件.pptx
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1、 虚拟式虚拟式虚拟式虚拟式be-型虚拟式型虚拟式 were-型虚拟式型虚拟式假设表示法综述假设表示法综述用于表示命令、决定、建议、等词用于表示命令、决定、建议、等词语后的语后的that分句中分句中用于由if,though,whatever,lest,so long as等引导的分句中用于某些公式化语句中用于某些状语分句中用于某些状语分句中用于某些名词性分句中用于某些名词性分句中1.用动词的过去形式表示假设意义2.用情态动词过去式表示假设意义BE-型虚拟式用于表示命令、决定、建议、等词语后的用于表示命令、决定、建议、等词语后的THAT分句中分句中a.用在,demand,suggest,decid
2、e,prefer,vote等动词后that分句中。Conggress has decided/voted that the present law be maintained.I prefer Mary to type the letters.I prefer that Mary type the letters.lb.用在advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,obligatory,proper,imperative等形容词之后that分句中。It is essential the all the facts be examined first.c
3、.用在decision,decree,demand,instruction,resolution等名词后的that 分句中。The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston.在这一用法中be-型虚拟式能与should+不定式,to-不定式交替使用。He order that the books be sent at once =He order that the books should be sent at once =He order that the books to be sent at once 用于由if,t
4、hough,whatever,lest,so long as等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。If he be found guilty,John shall have the right of appeal.上述用法现在只适用于正式书面语体,在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者用should或may+不定式。如:If the rumor be true,everything is possible。If the rumor is true,everything is possible。Whatever be his defense,we cannot tolerate this dis
5、loyalty.Whatever his defense may be,we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.用于某些公式化语句中Be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止的意思。Long live the peoples Republic of China!Far be it from me(我极不愿)to spoil the fun。He will remain here if need be.练习中修改句子 the ambassador will stay there if necessary.the ambassador will stay
6、 there if need be.It suffices to say that the open policy will remain unchanged.Suffice it to say that the open policy will remain unchanged.(只需说什么就够了)Home is home,be it ever so homely.?were-型虚拟式型虚拟式1.用于某些状语分句中(用于某些状语分句中(if,if only,as if,as though,though 引导的)引导的)If I were you,I should wait till next
7、 week.2.用于某些名词性分句中用于某些名词性分句中常用于wish,would rather,suppose,imagine之后的that-分句中 表示一种臆想的情况(通常是不可能发生的)Suppose the earth were flat。在第一、三人称单数主语后可为was 所取代 If it was to rain,the game would be put off.但是,在但是,在If I were you 这一分句中,通常倾向用were,而不用was。在某些倒装句中只用were。Were I to do it,I should rely on you.He is my best
8、friend,my second self,as it were.(好像,宛如)现代英语中,许多改用虚拟式的地方常为陈述式所取代。Imagine you are the salesman for Francos product.假设表示法综述假设表示法综述1.用动词的过去形式表示假设意义a)It is time(that).It is time we went to bed.b)I would rather/sooner(that)you/he/they.Id rather he told me the truth.c)if only.If only I knew her address.d)
9、he behaves as if/as though.They are staring at me as if I was/crazy.在as if/as though结构中的动词形式通常决定说话人的意图。比较:I feel as if I was/were going to faint.(我感觉我好像要晕倒了)I feel as if I am going to faint.(我感觉我(真的)要晕倒了)这就是说,在某些语境中,如果不表示假设意义,就不必用过去式形式。如:The apple tatses as if it is sour.e)I wish(that)1.与过去相反的主观愿望 I
10、 wish I hadnt said that.2.与现在相反 I wish you were coming with me,Peter.3.表示对将来的主观愿望,通常用情态助动词的过去式形式。I wish you wouldnt smoke in public places.I hope(that)也表希望,但并不表示假设,随后的动词形式除表示委婉口气外,很少用过去式。I hope you are coming to our party.I hope the weather would be favourable.?2.用情态动词过去式表示假设意义a)用于条件句 If I were you,
11、I would not miss this opptunity If you should change your mind,do let me know.?这里的should是什么意思、作用。表如果?if 不是这个意思了么?或仅是修饰b)用于含蓄条件句 But for your help,I couldnt have achieved anything.Anyone who should violate the law would be punished.(同第一个should)用于其他语境,表惊讶,意外 To think that he would marry such a nasty w
12、oman.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句提到条件句,人们一般会想到if引导的条件句,而英语中某些假设的条件句不是通过if从句表达出来,而是包含在某些短语短语、上下文或其他方式中,其谓语也常用虚拟语气,我们称此种结构为含蓄条件句含蓄条件句。“But without the impressionists,many of these painting styles would not exist.”这里假设的条件没有通过条件从句表达出来,而是隐含在without介词短语中,故名含蓄条件句。.It would be only partly right to follow in this way.如果用这种方式,
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