初中英语语法专项-现在完成时课件.pptx

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1、上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时的定义（一）现在完成时的定义（一）上一页下一页-Its so dark.-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Areyoufree?-I have finished my homework.I am free-I have finished my homework.I am free(我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是有空对现在造

2、成的结果是有空)主菜单1.1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。造成的影响或结果。如何判断对现在造成的影响：如何判断对现在造成的影响：中文关键词：中文关键词：了（吃了），过（见过），已经，刚刚，了（吃了），过（见过），已经，刚刚，还，以前，曾经，从来没有，最近还，以前，曾经，从来没有，最近我昨天丢了一只钢笔。我昨天丢了一只钢笔。我丢了一只钢笔。我丢了一只钢笔。现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have(hashave(has）+过去分词过去分词动词的过去分词的变化规则动词的过去分词的变化规则上一

3、页下一页1、通常在动词的后面加、通常在动词的后面加-edlook-looked2、以、以e结尾的，直接加结尾的，直接加-dmove-moved3、以辅音字母加、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变结尾的，变y为为i,加加-edstudy-studied4、辅音、辅音+元音元音+辅音辅音,双写最后一个辅音字双写最后一个辅音字母，再加母，再加-edstop-stopped主菜单现在完成时的基本句型：肯定句：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.I have finished my homework.否定句否定句:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.I have not finishe

4、d my homework.疑问句：疑问句：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?Have you finished your homework?Yes,I have./No,I havent现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(一一):在“定义1”中，现在完成时常和副词already（已经）,yet（否定句还没有，疑问句已经）,never（从来没有）,ever（曾经）,before（以前）,just（刚）,recently(最近，近来)，so far=up to now(到目前为止)等连用。句子类型句子类型 位置位置already多用于肯定句中，用多用于肯定句中，用于疑问句时加强语气于疑

5、问句时加强语气用于过去分词之前用于过去分词之前yet用于否定句和疑问句用于否定句和疑问句用于句尾用于句尾never用于肯定句用于肯定句用于过去分词之前用于过去分词之前ever用于一般疑问句用于一般疑问句用于过去分词之前用于过去分词之前before各种句型各种句型用于句尾用于句尾just各种句型各种句型用于过去分词之前用于过去分词之前用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。1、_ you ever _(eat)French noodles?2、All the students _ already _(finish)their homework.3、The Greens _ just _(

6、leave).4、My father _(not return)yet.5、Last night I _(meet)my uncle.Haveeatenhavefinishedhavelefthasnt returnedmet6、A：_ the train _(arrive)?B:Yes,it _.A:when _ it _(arrive)?7、A：_ the train _(arrive)?B:No,it _.A:when _ it _(arrive)?HasarrivedhasdidarriveHasarrivedhasntwillarrive翻译句子1、以前我看过这部电影。2、我们已经完

7、成作业了。3、最近我读了三本书。4、到目前为止，我见过他三次。I have seen the film before.We have already finished homework.I have read three books recently.I have met him three times so far.现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系havebeen与与havegone比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的

8、用法比较例句：例句：6.Has he gone to the library?他是去了图书馆吗？Yes,he has.是的，是去那里了。No,he hasnt.不，他没去那里。7.How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时(present perfect tense)do my homework Mother:John,clean your teeth please.John:Mum,I have have alreadyalready(已经已经已经已经)cle

9、aned)cleaned them.现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态,3.3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的未有过的经历经历.上一页下一页I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace?to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园我曾去过颐和园)I I havehave never never had

10、had a car.a car.(我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语 常与常与already,already,never,never,ever,ever,just,just,yet,yet,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days,these days,since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用

11、上一页下一页主菜单上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在

12、的动作或状现在的动作或状态态.常与常与since+since+过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for+for+一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间一段时间2.since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自自以来以来

13、)1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）达）for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法的用法:Takenotes注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(e

14、ver)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-beco

15、me-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,become,begin,begin,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),die,die,finish,finis

16、h,join,join,leave leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延延续性动词续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单 become become be be,begin,begin havehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be here/there/inbe here/there/in，die die be be deaddead,finish,finish be overbe ov

17、er,join join be in be in（be a member of be a member of ）leaveleave be away(from),be away(from),下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year.year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.She hasnt come here

18、 for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.

19、The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come

20、back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10

21、years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆

22、在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.last year.我去过桂林，我去年去

23、的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响果，影响,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情

24、动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单四四)Itis+一段时间一段时间+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段时间一段时间+haspassed+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过

25、一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it”“he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他

26、是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时般过去时:上一页下一页eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过过去去事事情情的的从从句句总总是是与与现现在在完完成成时时连用。连用。eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典

27、型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before yesterday(),the day before yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜单上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(c

28、lean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last weeklast week.3.How many times _y

29、ou_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give

30、)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked h

31、ere _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is

32、not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Whe

33、re is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrow

34、ed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1.Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesport

35、smeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowif

36、Icango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning6.-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7-Washestudyingforanexam?-Yes,hes_itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_suchaninterestingbookbefor

37、e.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting_AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期

38、看过这部电影。8.自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了他离开中国三年了1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.8Hehaslivedheresince1992.9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.