高考英语一轮单元复习备考选修八-Book-8--Unit-22(北师大)课件.pptx

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1、Environmental ProtectionBook 8 Unit 22基础语境串记内容索引考点互动探究跟踪达标训练基础语境串记.核心必记单词核心必记单词1.vt.使困使困住住 n.陷阱；圈套陷阱；圈套2.n.保护区保护区 v.保护；保留；保护；保留；预订预订 n.保护；保留；保护；保留；预订预订 adj.预订的，保留的预订的，保留的3.n.原则，道德准则原则，道德准则4.prep.超出超出重点单词trapbeyondreservereservationreservedprinciple5.v.指，意即指，意即 n.提到，谈及；参考，查阅提到，谈及；参考，查阅6.n.农业农业 adj.农业

2、的；农艺的农业的；农艺的 7.vt.回收利用回收利用8.vt.威胁威胁 n.威胁威胁9.vt.依法没收；依法没收；(用武力用武力)夺取夺取10.vt.武装武装11.adj.艰难的；粗糙的艰难的；粗糙的 adv.粗糙地；概略粗糙地；概略地地referagriculturereferenceagriculturalrecyclethreatenseizethreatroughlyarmrough12.n.分离，分开分离，分开 adj.分开的分开的 v.分离，分开分离，分开13.n.方法方法 14.vt.建造建造 n.建造建造15.vt.采用；收养采用；收养 n.采用；收养采用；收养16.n.政治政

3、治(活动活动)adj.政治的政治的 n.政治家政治家 separationseparatemeansconstructconstructionadoptionadoptpoliticspoliticalpolitician.阅读识记单词阅读识记单词17.conservation n._ vt.保护；保存保护；保存18.relevant adj._ adv.有关地；得要领有关地；得要领地地 _ n.相关相关19.coincidence n._20.condemn vt._21.sacrifice vt.&vi._22.advocate vt._ 23.substitute n._ v._保护保护

4、有关的有关的巧合巧合conserverelevantlyrelevance迫使迫使(某人某人)陷入不幸的境地；谴责陷入不幸的境地；谴责牺牲；献出牺牲；献出主张，提倡主张，提倡代替品，代用品代替品，代用品(用用)代替代替24.behalf n._25.changeable adj._ v.&n.改变改变26.slide vi._ vt._27.mountainous adj._28.flee vi.&vt._29.potential n._ adv.潜在地；可能地潜在地；可能地30.considerate adj._ _ vt.考虑考虑 _ n.考虑考虑代表代表多变的多变的使滑动使滑动chang

5、e滑行；滑动滑行；滑动多山的多山的逃走逃走potentially可能性；潜在性可能性；潜在性想得周到的，体贴的想得周到的，体贴的considerconsideration31.finance n._ adj.财务的；金融财务的；金融的的32.allocate vt._ n.分配，配给分配，配给33.fragile adj._34.sharpen vt._ adj.尖的，锋利的尖的，锋利的_ n.卷笔刀卷笔刀35.valid adj._ _ adv.合法地；正当地合法地；正当地36.calculate vt._ n.计算计算_ n.计算器计算器 资金资金易毁的；脆弱的易毁的；脆弱的分配，配给分配

6、，配给financialallocation削尖削尖sharpsharpener有充分理由的；有效的；合法的有充分理由的；有效的；合法的validly计算，算出计算，算出calculationcalculator语境活用语境活用 用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空1.Henry was forced to leave his motherland for (politics)reasons.2.The schools must (adoption)new methods of teaching foreign languages.3.The world is ，and everyth

7、ing is .(change)4.She is so that she has not only her own affairs but taken mine into .(consider)politicaladoptchangeablechangingconsiderateconsideredconsideration5.The number of the unemployed is on the rise owing to the (finance)crisis.6.However，we are not all using the same (refer)standard to wei

8、gh risks and rewards.(2016北京北京)7.Tourists are required to make (reserve)in advance.8.The loss of glaciers(冰冰川川)there due to global warming represents an enormous (threaten)to agriculture.financialreferencereservationsthreat9.The trip they took me on was a (roughly)one.(2017全国全国)10.The total rise in

9、(agriculture)incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.(2016江苏江苏)11.Its difficult to pick up radio programs in the (mountain)areas.12.A pencil is a device that can be used to a pencil.(sharp)roughmountainoussharpenersharpenagricultural高频短语1.一些一些，许多，许多2.超出超出/不受不受的控制的控制3.展望展望未来未来

10、4.查阅查阅；参考；指的是；提及；涉及；参考；指的是；提及；涉及5.依次依次；轮流；反过来，转而；轮流；反过来，转而6.导致导致；通向；引起；通向；引起7.采取采取行动行动8.在在前面前面a number ofbeyond ones controllook aheadrefer toin turnlead totake actionahead of9.除除以外以外10.(对已产生的不良后果对已产生的不良后果)负责任负责任11.要求结束要求结束12.否则，不然否则，不然13.结束；席卷而去；包起来结束；席卷而去；包起来14.代表代表15.永远永远16.掠走，夺走掠走，夺走apart froman

11、swer forcall for an end to sth.or elsewrap upon ones behalffor goodcarry off17.总的来说总的来说18.导致导致19.谋生谋生20.塞塞住耳朵住耳朵21.祝祝一切顺利一切顺利22.总结总结，概括，概括23.实际上实际上24.摆脱摆脱，脱离，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织某种思想体系、团体、组织)all in allresult inearn ones/a livingplug ones earsall the bestsum upas a matter of factbreak away from语境活用语境活用 选用

12、选用上述上述加颜色加颜色短语短语的正确形式填空的正确形式填空1.The increase in the box-office income can be attributed to factors.2.singing a song，he told a joke.3.I thought wed be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there time.4.Professional football players by playing football.a number ofApart fromahead ofearn a/their

13、living5.After the bell rang，the pupils walked out of the classroom .6.If you go on doing this，we wont the consequences.7.I was encouraged to old forms and rules.8.，we are full of confidence and joy.9.We can the main points of the lesson in three sentences.10.The matter you at the meeting needs settl

14、ing at once.11.His success doesnt lie in his cleverness.Working hard his progress.12.You have to and deal with problems as they arise.in turnbreak away fromanswer forLooking aheadsum upreferred toleads totake action联想拓展多积累1.“各行各业各行各业”的名词的名词(1)agriculture农业农业(2)industry 工业工业(3)business 商业商业(4)fishing

15、 渔业渔业2.“主张、建议和要求主张、建议和要求”动词集锦动词集锦advocate，insist，suggest，advise，propose，ask，demand，require，request3.与与“环境环境”有关的词汇有关的词汇(1)species n.物种物种(2)reserve n.保护区保护区(3)atmosphere n.大气层大气层(4)conservation n.保护保护(5)recycle v.回收利用回收利用(6)ecology n.生态生态(学学)4.“实际上实际上”短语大全短语大全(1)as a matter of fact(2)in fact(3)in trut

16、h(4)in reality(5)in effect5.“负责负责”短语全接触短语全接触(1)answer for(2)be responsible for(3)take responsibility for(4)in charge of1.现在完成时现在完成时In the last few decades，scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climate.在在过过去去的的几几十十年年里里，科科学学家家们们一一致致认认为为，人人类类

17、正正在在造造成成地地球球气气候候的的变变化化句式仿写句式仿写在过去的几年里，我不仅在身体上而且在心智上成长了在过去的几年里，我不仅在身体上而且在心智上成长了。(2017全国全国)I not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.经典句式have grown2.without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句引导的含蓄虚拟条件句Without these naturally occurring gases，the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold

18、and impossible to live on.如如果果没没有有这这些些自自然然产产生生的的气气体体，太太阳阳的的光光线线将将会会被被反反射射回回太太空空中中去去，那那么地球将处于寒冷之中，而使生物不可能在地球上存活。么地球将处于寒冷之中，而使生物不可能在地球上存活。句式仿写句式仿写没有规则，我们的社会将处于混乱中。没有规则，我们的社会将处于混乱中。Without rules，our society .would be in chaos3.given用作介词或连词，表示用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若鉴于；考虑到；倘若”Given this data，it seems that t

19、he link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴鉴于于这这些些数数据据，似似乎乎人人类类活活动动与与正正在在升升高高的的全全球球温温度度之之间间的的关关联联并并不不仅仅仅是巧合。仅是巧合。句式仿写句式仿写考虑到他的年龄，他做得相当好。考虑到他的年龄，他做得相当好。，he did it quite well.Given his age4.see表示表示“经历，见证，目睹经历，见证，目睹”The last few years have seen environm

20、ental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.在在过过去去的的几几年年里里，人人们们已已经经经经历历了了大大规规模模的的环环境境灾灾难难，专专家家们们预预测测更更为为严重的灾难即将来临。严重的灾难即将来临。句式仿写句式仿写历史见证了在世界的每种主要语言中莎士比亚那无尽的作品历史见证了在世界的每种主要语言中莎士比亚那无尽的作品。(2015重庆重庆)the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language

21、of the world.History has witnessed5.There has/have been.There has been terrible flooding in Asia，Africa，America and Oceania.亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过可怕的洪涝灾害。亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过可怕的洪涝灾害。句式仿写句式仿写最近在餐饮服务业有一个低脂肪少盐的趋势。最近在餐饮服务业有一个低脂肪少盐的趋势。(2017全国全国)a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content a

22、nd less salt.There has been考点互动探究1trap n.夹子；陷阱；圈套；困境夹子；陷阱；圈套；困境 v.使困住，使陷于；使落网使困住，使陷于；使落网突破核心词汇边讲边练(1)set/lay a trap布陷阱布陷阱(2)trap sb.into doing.诱骗某人做诱骗某人做(不说不说trap sb.to do.)(1)I the police all I knew.我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警方。我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警方。句式升级句式升级(2)He was trapped in a traffic jam，so he had to be p

23、atient，waiting.(用过去分词短语作状语改写用过去分词短语作状语改写)_，he had to be patient，waiting.was trapped into tellingTrapped in a traffic jam2reserve v.贮备；保留；预订；保护贮备；保留；预订；保护 n.储备；贮藏；保护区储备；贮藏；保护区(1)reserve sth.for.为为保留某物保留某物in reserve备用备用(2)without reservation毫无保留地毫无保留地make a reservation预订，预约预订，预约拓展词：拓展词：reservation n.预

24、订；保留意见预订；保留意见(1)These seats the elderly and disabled.这些座位是留给老年人和残疾人的。这些座位是留给老年人和残疾人的。(2)Frankly speaking，I have little money .坦率地说，我的存款很少。坦率地说，我的存款很少。(3)I recommend him ，as I believe you will appreciate his ability in his studies.我毫无保留地推荐他，因为我相信你会欣赏他的学习能力。我毫无保留地推荐他，因为我相信你会欣赏他的学习能力。are reserved forin

25、 reservewithout reservation熟词生义熟词生义写出句子写出句子中中加颜色加颜色词词的汉语意思的汉语意思(1)The road continues beyond the village up into the hills._(2)Some shops keep open beyond midnight._(3)This problem is far beyond my comprehension._(4)I know nothing of it beyond what he told me._在在另一边另一边晚于；超过晚于；超过3beyond prep.超越；超出；除超越

26、；超出；除之外；在之外；在(或向或向)较远的一边较远的一边 adv.在另一边；在在另一边；在(或向或向)更远处更远处为为所不能及所不能及除除之外之外beyond sb.为某人所不能理解；超出某人的能力为某人所不能理解；超出某人的能力beyond control/belief/doubt无法控制无法控制/无法相信无法相信/毫无疑问毫无疑问beyond description无法描述无法描述beyond comprehension不可思议；令人费解不可思议；令人费解beyond ones reach够不着；高不可攀够不着；高不可攀beyond ones power是某人所不及的是某人所不及的bey

27、ond compare无可比拟；非常好无可比拟；非常好4relevant adj.相关的；切题的；有意义的相关的；切题的；有意义的(1)be relevant to和和有关有关(2)have relevance to与与有关有关拓展词：拓展词：relevance n.相关性；关联；实用性相关性；关联；实用性(1)I dont think what he said the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.我认为他所说的话和我们正在讨论的话题没有关系。他已经跑题了我认为他所说的话和我们正在讨论的话题没有关系。他已经跑题了。(2015湖

28、北湖北)(2)What you said the subject.你所说的与这个主题无关。你所说的与这个主题无关。is relevant to/has relevance tois not relevant to/has no relevance to(1)I will go too.Lets go together.碰巧我也去，咱们一同走吧。碰巧我也去，咱们一同走吧。(2)he was born on his mothers birthday.他在他母亲生日那天出生，真是巧事。他在他母亲生日那天出生，真是巧事。(3)that I was in London at the same time

29、as you!真巧，你在伦敦时我也在那儿。真巧，你在伦敦时我也在那儿。By coincidenceIt was a coincidence that5coincidence n.巧合；同时发生；一致巧合；同时发生；一致by coincidence碰巧碰巧It is a coincidence that.恰巧的是恰巧的是What a coincidence6condemn v.谴责；指责；宣判；迫使谴责；指责；宣判；迫使(某人某人)陷于不幸的境地陷于不幸的境地condemn sb.for.因因而指责某人而指责某人be condemned to.被判处被判处be condemned to do.注

30、定要做注定要做；使某人接受困境或不愉快的；使某人接受困境或不愉快的状况状况(1)She knew that society would her leaving her children.她知道社会会谴责她不管孩子。她知道社会会谴责她不管孩子。(2)He was found guilty and .他被判有罪并被判处死刑。他被判有罪并被判处死刑。(3)As an old person，one often .老年人常出于无奈而独自生活。老年人常出于无奈而独自生活。condemnforcondemned to deathiscondemned to live alone7sacrifice vt.牺

31、牲，献出；献祭牺牲，献出；献祭 n.牺牲；供奉；祭品牺牲；供奉；祭品(1)sacrifice sth.to do sth.牺牲牺牲去做去做sacrifice.for.为为牺牲牺牲(2)at the sacrifice of.以牺牲以牺牲为代价为代价make a sacrifice做出牺牲做出牺牲(1)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to .几几乎乎所所有有的的祖祖父父或或祖祖母母都都想想和和他他/她她的的孙孙子子孙孙女女在在一一起起，并并愿愿意意做做出出牺牺牲。牲

32、。(2016全国全国)(2)He the child./He saved the child _ his life.他牺牲自己的生命救了这个孩子。他牺牲自己的生命救了这个孩子。熟词生义熟词生义写出句子写出句子中中加颜色加颜色词词的汉语意思的汉语意思(3)A calf was offered up as a sacrifice to the goddess._make sacrifices/a sacrificesacrificed his life to saveat the sacrificeof供品；祭品供品；祭品8advocate vt.拥护；提倡，主张拥护；提倡，主张 n.支持者；拥护

33、者；提倡者支持者；拥护者；提倡者(1)It is advocated that.主张，提倡主张，提倡advocate doing.主张做主张做(2)(an)advocate of/for支持支持的人的人(1)Hes a strong state ownership of the railways.他是铁路国有化的积极拥护者。他是铁路国有化的积极拥护者。句式升级句式升级(2)They advocate that they should reduce air pollution.They air pollution.(改为简单句改为简单句)that they should reduce air p

34、ollution.(用用it作作形形式式主主语改写语改写)易错点拨易错点拨advocate后不跟不定式；跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气后不跟不定式；跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should)do。advocate ofadvocate reducingIt is advocated9substitute v.替换；用替换；用代替代替 n.代替物；代替者；代用品代替物；代替者；代用品(1)a substitute for.的代替者的代替者(2)substitute A for Breplace B with/by A用用A代替代替Bsubstitute for代替；取代代替；取代(1)If we a

35、 number each letter，the message“Meet me”would read“13 5 5 20 13 5”.”.如如果果我我们们用用一一个个数数字字代代替替每每个个字字母母，“Meet me”就就是是“13、5、5、20、13、5”。(2016全国全国)一句多译一句多译(2)史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老师。Mr Smith the teacher who was sick.Mr Smith the teacher who was sick.Mr Smith was the teacher who was sick.substitutef

36、orsubstituted fortook the place ofin place of词义辨析词义辨析substitute，replace(1)这这两两个个词词的的含含义义略略有有不不同同，substitute强强调调“代代替替，顶顶替替”；而而replace强强调调“替替换换，更更换换”，即即把把旧旧的的或或坏坏的的东东西西更更换换成成新新的的(通通常常用用take the place of更通俗些更通俗些)。(2)在在句句型型结结构构上上，通通常常是是：substitute A for B“用用A代代替替B”(使使用用A)；replace A with/by B“用用B替换替换A”(使

37、用使用B)。用用substitute，replace的正确形式填空的正确形式填空(3)The driver the worn-out tires with new ones.(4)Nothing can for the advice your doctor is able to give you.replacedsubstitute10threaten v.威胁；恐吓威胁；恐吓拓展词：拓展词：threat n.威胁威胁(1)threaten sb.with.用用威胁某人威胁某人threaten to do sth.威胁去做某事威胁去做某事(2)a threat to sb./sth.对对的威胁

38、的威胁(1)The hijackers(劫劫持持犯犯)threatened (kill)one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.劫机者威胁说，如果他们的要求得不到满足，就每小时杀死一名乘客。劫机者威胁说，如果他们的要求得不到满足，就每小时杀死一名乘客。(2)Terrorism is the whole country.恐怖主义是对整个国家的威胁。恐怖主义是对整个国家的威胁。(3)(threat)by his classmates，the student didnt tell the truth to the teacher.

39、由于同学的威胁，这个学生没有向老师讲真话。由于同学的威胁，这个学生没有向老师讲真话。to killa threat toThreatened11rough adj.艰艰难难的的；粗粗糙糙的的；粗粗俗俗的的；混混乱乱的的；粗粗略略的的；未未加加工工的；狂暴的的；狂暴的熟词生义熟词生义写出句子写出句子中中加颜色加颜色词词的汉语意思的汉语意思(1)The rough road made the car shake.(2)Rugby(橄榄球橄榄球)is a rough sport._(3)That area of the city is quite rough after dark._(4)These

40、 are just rough sketches._粗糙的；不平粗糙的；不平的的剧烈的剧烈的危险的危险的不完善的不完善的(5)The boss him，which made him angry.老板对他很苛刻，这让他很生气。老板对他很苛刻，这让他很生气。(6)，I would say that about 100 people attended the exhibition.粗略地说来，我想大约有粗略地说来，我想大约有100人参观了展览人参观了展览。was rough onRoughly speaking(1)be rough on对对粗暴苛刻粗暴苛刻in rough概略地；粗略地概略地；粗略

41、地(2)roughly speaking大致说来；粗略地说大致说来；粗略地说12means n.手段；方式；方法；财富；收入手段；方式；方法；财富；收入by means of用用办法；借助办法；借助by all means尽一切方法；当然可以尽一切方法；当然可以by no meansnot by any means绝不，一点也不绝不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用位于句首时，句子用部分倒装部分倒装语序语序）(1)Every possible means _(try)，but none works.每种方法都尝试了，但没有一个起作用。每种方法都尝试了，但没有一个起作用。(2)He got into

42、 the house _ an open window.他从一扇开着的窗户爬进了屋里。他从一扇开着的窗户爬进了屋里。句式升级句式升级(3)Ill forgive you this time，but you shall by no means make the mistake again.(改为倒装句改为倒装句)Ill forgive you this time，but _ _.has been triedby means ofby no means shall you make the mistakeagain易错点拨易错点拨means表表示示“方方式式”、“方方法法”、“手手段段”时时，单单

43、复复数数同同形形。表表示示做做某事的方法，某事的方法，means后常接后常接of doing sth.，一般不接不定式。，一般不接不定式。13adopt vt.收养；领养；采用；采纳收养；领养；采用；采纳拓展词：拓展词：adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的被收养的；被采用的 adoption n.收养；采纳；采用收养；采纳；采用 adoptive adj.收养的；有收养关系的收养的；有收养关系的(1)adopt an approach/a policy采用某方法采用某方法/政策政策(2)an adopted son养子养子(3)an adoptive father养父养父(1)Pauls

44、 mother had him _(adopt)because she couldnt look after him herself.保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。(2)He was cheated into believing that he was an _(adopt)son.他被骗得相信自己是个养子。他被骗得相信自己是个养子。(3)_(adopt)a new method，they worked more efficiently.采纳了新方法后，他们工作更高效了。采纳了新方法后，他们工作更高效了。熟词生义熟词生义

45、写出句子写出句子中中加颜色加颜色词词的汉语意思的汉语意思(4)Congress has adopted the new measures._adoptedadoptedHaving adopted通过；批准通过；批准14considerate adj.考虑周到的；体贴的考虑周到的；体贴的拓展词：拓展词：consider v.仔细考虑；细想；认为；以为仔细考虑；细想；认为；以为 considering prep.&conj.考虑到；鉴于考虑到；鉴于 consideration n.考虑；体谅考虑；体谅(1)be considerate of对对体贴体贴It is considerate of s

46、b.to do.某人做某人做真体贴。真体贴。(2)consider doing.考虑做考虑做consider sb./sth.to be/as.认为某人认为某人(物物)为为all things considered总而言之；考虑到所有情况总而言之；考虑到所有情况(3)take sth.into consideration考虑到某事；顾及某事考虑到某事；顾及某事(1)Jim to bring me my raincoat when he passed my company.当当Jim路过我公司时为我带来了雨衣，真是想得周到。路过我公司时为我带来了雨衣，真是想得周到。(2)I consider h

47、im the best candidate.我认为他是最佳人选我认为他是最佳人选。It was considerate ofto be/as句式升级句式升级(3)If you take all things into consideration，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.，you will find that governments would want to ban drugs.(用独立主格结构改写用独立主格结构改写)，you will find that governments would want to

48、ban drugs.(用用with复合结构改写复合结构改写)All things taken into considerationWith all things taken into consideration15a number of 许多；大量的许多；大量的表示表示“许多；大量许多；大量”的词语可分为以下几类：的词语可分为以下几类：(1)可数名词复数复数谓语动词可数名词复数复数谓语动词(2)不可数名词单数谓语动词不可数名词单数谓语动词a large/great/good number ofa great/good manya good few/quite a fewa good/great

49、 deal ofa great/large amount ofquite a little(3)可数名词复数或不可数名词可数名词复数或不可数名词(4)单数可数名词单数谓语单数可数名词单数谓语动词动词 a lot of/lots ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities of plenty ofmany amore than one(1)Large quantities of land in the area (reserve)for national parks these years，which (be)now home to bears，wol

50、ves，and other wild animals.(2)Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species (be)astonishing.(3)More than one doctor (involve)in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.(4)One survey shows that large amounts of water (waste)every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved