2000到2011年历年考研英语真题+答案完美版 甄选.pdf

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1、精品 word.仅供参考2000 到 2011 年历年考研英语真题+答案完美版（优选.)rd看了不后悔看了不后悔20112011 年考研英语一真题及答案年考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections:Directions:Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But _someclaims to the contrary,laughing probably

2、has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _short-termchanges in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But becausehard laughter is difficult to _,a good laugh is unlikely to have _ benefits the way,say,walking or joggingdoes._,instead of stra

3、ining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the _,studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter.muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help_the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughingprobably does produce other types of _feedback

4、,that improve an individuals emotional state._oneclassical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _ physical reactions.It was argued at the end ofthe 19th century that humans do not cry _they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _ tears,evidence

5、suggests that emotions can flow _ muscular responses.Inanexperiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1AamongBexceptCdespiteDlike2AreflectBdemandCindicateDproduce3AstabilizingBboostingCimpairingDdetermining4AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5AmeasurableBmanageableCaffordableDrenewable6AIn

6、turnBIn factCIn additionDIn brief7AoppositeBimpossibleCaverageDexpected8AhardensBweakensCtightensDrelaxes-1-/109doc 格式 可编辑精品 word.仅供参考9AaggravateBgenerateCmoderateDenhance10AphysicalBmentlCsubconsciousDinternal11AExcept forBAccording toCDue toDAs for12AwithBonCinDat13AunlessBuntilCifDbecause14Aexhau

7、stsBfollowsCprecedesDsuppresses15AintoBfromCtowardsDbeyond16AfetchBbiteCpickDhold17AdisappointedBexcitedCjoyfulDindifferent18AadaptedBcateredCturnedDreacted19AsuggestingBrequiringCmentioningDsupposing20AEventuallyBConsequentlyCSimilarlyDConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading Co

8、mprehensionPart APart ADirections:Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk

9、 ofthe classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the most part,theresponse has been favorable,to say the least.“Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sidedclassical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,how

10、ever,is that Gilbert is comparativelylittle known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentiousmusician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of anorchestra that has hitherto been led by musician

11、s like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to havestruck at least some Times readers as faint praise.-2-/109doc 格式 可编辑精品 word.仅供参考For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performsan impressive variety of interesting compositions,b

12、ut it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,oranywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up mycomputer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live pe

13、rformance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only withopera houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of thegreat classical musicians of the 20th century.There re

14、cordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very oftenmuch higher in artistic quality than todays live performances;moreover,they can be“consumed”at a time andplace of the listeners choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis inthe institution of the tradi

15、tional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available onrecord.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has describedhim as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmon

16、ic into“a markedly different,more vibrantorganization.”But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.IfGilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship betweenAmericas oldestorchestra and the new audien

17、ce it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignor

18、e the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey a

19、re easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feels-3-/109doc 格式 可编辑精品 word.仅供参考Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2Text 2When Liam McGee dep

20、arted as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was surprisinglystraight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving“topursue my goal of running a company.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my decision,”McGee says.Within

21、 two weeks,he was talkingfor the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,whichnamed him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wantedto run.It also sent a clear message to the outside

22、world about his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recentweeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for aCEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who dont get thenod also may wish to mo

23、ve on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of lettingvague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump withouta net.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year

24、ago as nervous boards stuck with the leadersthey had,according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives andheadhunters have adhered to the rule tha

25、t the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has notinstructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly.E

26、llen Marram quit as chief ofTropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tinyInternet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.Hefinally took that post at a major financial institution three years

27、 later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it moreacceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,butthats been fundamentally inverted,”says one headhunter.“The people whove been

28、 hurt the worst are thosewhove stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.-4-/109doc 格式 可编辑精品 word.仅供参考27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better

29、financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph t

30、hatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs:Where to Go?BCEOs:All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump

31、without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media such as television commercials and print advertisements still play a major role,companies todaycan exploit many alternati

32、ve forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“owned”mediaby sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumersnow approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by mark

33、eters promoting their own products.For earned media,suchmarketers act as the initiator for users responses.But in some cases,one marketers owned media becomeanother marketers paid media for instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.Wedefine such sold media as owned media wh

34、ose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content ore-commerce engines within that environment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively beganwith retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson,forexam

35、ple,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and evencompetitive products.Besides generating income,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies mar

36、keting,andmay help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,-5-/109doc 格式 可编辑精品 wo

37、rd.仅供参考more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset orcampaign becomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about abrand or product.Members of social networks,for instance,are learning that they c

38、an hijack media to applypressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting thereputation of the target company at risk.In such a case,the companys response may not be sufficiently quick orthoughtful,an

39、d the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damagefrom its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the so

40、cial-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when theyareA obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According

41、 to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketin

42、g.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of

43、hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.-6-/109doc 格式 可编辑精品 word.仅供参考C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful

44、,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I HateMy Life,”is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anythingless than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parentseither happy or mis

45、erable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as somethingthat can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Eventhough the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“th e ve

46、ry thingsthat in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-childimage on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive and newly single m

47、om SandraBullock,as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at least onecelebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret havingchildren is equivalent to

48、 admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesnt seem quite fair,then,to compare theregrets of parents to the regrets of the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldnthave had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most

49、important thing in the world:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in theirlives.Of course,the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugelyunrealistic,especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.Accord

50、ing to several studies concludingthat parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid on their“own”(read:with round-