各种菜名英文表达.pdf
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1、.-大部分中国菜（Chinese cuisine）的传统命名具有简单明白、一目了然的特点。一道中国菜的名称，主要包括：主料（main material）辅料（auxiliary material）刀法（way of cutting）烹调方法（way of cooking）。以“辣子炒鸡丁”简称“辣子鸡丁”为例“鸡肉”为主料“辣椒”为辅料“鸡丁”为刀法“炒”为烹调方法其英文可译为：stir-fried diced chicken with green peppers。荤菜常用的主料主要是鸡、鸭、鱼、肉之类。肉类有猪肉（pork）、牛肉（beef）、羊肉（mutton,lamb）等。食谱 reci
2、pe辅料包括各种蔬菜菜花（cauliflower）白菜（Chinese cabbage）洋白菜（cabbage）芹菜（celery）萝卜（turnip,radish）油菜（rape）菠菜（spinach）青椒（green pepper）茄子（eggplant）土豆（potato）黄瓜（cucumber）南瓜（pumpkin）冬瓜（white gourd）西红柿（tomato）蘑菇（mushroom）木耳（fungus）竹笋（bamboo shoot）豆腐（bean curd/tofu）在汉语中，各地同一种蔬菜有不同的叫法“西红柿”，有的叫“番茄”“洋白菜”，有的叫“大头菜”，还有的叫“包心菜”
3、-可修编.-还有素雅之别，比如“鸡蛋”又叫“木须”“鸡爪”又叫“凤爪”（chicken claws）“竹笋片”又叫“玉兰片”（tender bamboo shoot slice，tender sliced bambooshoot）“蛋清”又叫“芙蓉”，英文叫 egg-white，中国烹饪技术刀工、刀法包括切丁（cut into slices;dice）切块（cut into cubes/pieces）切片（slice）切末（mince）切丝（shred）切条（cut into straps）切段（cut into chunks）切柳（fillet）剁（chop）去骨（boning）去皮（ski
4、nning;peeling）刮鳞（scaling）剁末（smashing）雕、刻（carving）捣碎 mash“猪肉丁”可以说成 pork dice 或 diced pork“羊肉片”可以说成 mutton slice 或 sliced mutton牛肉丝可以说成 beef shred 或 shredded beef“猪肉丸子：可以说成 pork ball说到“肉”时，如果不特别说明，一般指“猪肉”。中国菜烹调方法包括炒(stir-fry)炸（fry;deep-fry）烘（roast）烤（roast;broil;grill;basting）焖（braise;stew）炖（stew）蒸（ste
5、am）煎（pan-fry）清炒（plain-fry）煨（simmer）煮（boil）熏（smoke）拌（mix）涮（instant boil）-可修编.-汆（quick-boil）干炸（dry deep-fry）烧（braise）爆（quick-fry）白灼（scald）规 X 的菜名的一般译法第一种翻译方法直译1.烹调方法主料炸鸡（fried chicken）烤鸭（roasted duck）炖鸭（stewed duck）清蒸鱼（steamed fish）熏鱼（smoked fish）爆虾（quick-fried shrimps）涮羊肉（instant boiled mutton;Mongol
6、ian fire pot）炸虾球（fried prawn balls）炒蟹粉（fried crab meat）炸凤尾鱼（fried anchovies）2.烹调法主料名 with 配料名有时在汉语里，烹调方法常常忽略不说，而译成英语时，要添加上去。例如：洋葱牛肉丝（stir-fried shredded beef with onion）、冬笋鸡片（stir-fried chicken slices with bamboo shoots）芙蓉鸡片（stir-fried sliced chicken with egg-white）板栗鸡翅 braised chicken wings with ch
7、estnuts冬菇菜心 fried winter mushrooms with green cabbage蟹粉鱼肚 stewed fish maw with crab meat笋菇鸡丁 fried chicken cubes with bamboo shoots and mushrooms蟹肉海参 fried sea cucumber with crab meat素什锦豆腐 braised bean curd with mixed vegetable冬笋炒鱿鱼 fried squid with fresh bamboo shoots3.烹调法主料名 with/in 调料名有时还可以加上佐料，比
8、如：“红烧”（braised/broiled with soy sauce/in brown sauce）“糖醋”（with sweet and sour sauce）“醋熘”（with vinegar sauce）。-可修编.-“红烧鱼”（braised fish with soy sauce）“红烧肉”braised pork with brown sauce“糖醋鱼片”（fried fish slices with sweet and sour sauce 或 sweet and sour friedfish slices）“醋熘白菜”（fried Chinese cabbage wit
9、h vinegar sauce）盐水虾 boiled shrimps in salt water红烧青鱼 braised/stewed carp with brown sauce清炖甲鱼 stewed turtle in clear soup4.烹调法加工法主料名with/in 调料名洋葱牛肉丝 fried shredded beef with onion茄汁牛肉片 fried sliced beef with tomato sauce肉片烧豆腐 stewed sliced pork with bean curd虾仁炒蘑菇 fried shelled shrimps with mushroom
10、s红烧狮子头 stewed/braised minced pork balls with brown sauce；braised giantmeat ball盐水螺片 scalded sliced conch in salt water第二种翻译方法意译中式菜肴不仅讲究烹调艺术，其名称也讲究典雅，富于寓意，因此有些菜名根据主料和配料色或形的特点，或经烹调后菜肴的总体造型，起了个具有吉祥如意或富有艺术造型的典雅名称。对于这类菜名，只能采用意译的方法，舍形或舍音求意，将其原料和烹调方法全部照实译出。龙凤会 stewed snake and chicken全家福 stewed assorted me
11、ats/hotchpotch（杂烩）蚂蚁上树 stir-fried starch noodles with minced meat麻婆豆腐 Bean curd with minced pork in hot sauce游龙戏凤 stir-fried prawns and chicken第三种翻译方法直译意译还有些菜肴名称的部分术语，根据制作原料，择其“色、香、味、形、音”等特点，用表示吉祥喜庆等典雅的语言来表达，这对于缺乏中国文化背景知识的外国人来说，难以理解其含义。对于这种菜名的翻译，宜采用直译与意译相结合的办法，将典雅术语所含寓意直接译出。红烧狮子头 stewed/braised minc
12、ed pork balls with brown sauce；braised giantmeat ball三鲜汤 soup with fish,shrimp and pork balls翡翠虾仁 stir-fried shelled shrimps with peas芙蓉鸡片 fried chicken slices with egg-white第四种翻译方法直译解释-可修编.-我国地域广阔,各地民情、风俗不同，都有一些具有地方特色的名菜，其名称通常是“地名/人名菜名”。翻译时可采用“直译地名/人名菜名”或“菜名 in style”的格式来翻译。烤鸭 Beijing roast duck宫保鸡
13、丁 fried diced chicken in Sichuan style;diced chicken with peanuts;sauted(炒)chicken cubes with chili(hot pepper)and peanuts西湖醋鱼 West Lake vinegar fish东坡肉 Dongpo braised pork有些菜名，源于历史典故或民间传说，其名称本身既不反映菜肴的原料，也不反映其烹调方法，若要讲清其含义，必须讲述一个故事，或者一段历史，作为菜名翻译则是无法解释清楚的。对于这类菜名的翻译，宜采用直译其名加解释的方法。例如：佛跳墙 Fotiaoqiang(Bud
14、dha jumping the wall)叫花鸡 beggars chicken(baked mud-coated chicken)部分中餐菜名译法介绍油爆大虾 Quick stir-fried pawns拌三丝 bination of shredded meat盐水鸭 Salted duck五香熏鱼 Smoked fish in five flavors白斩鸡 Boiled tender chicken in soy sauce水晶鱼冻 Crystal fish辣白菜 Spicy Chinese cabbage糖拌西红柿 Sweat tomatoes盐水虾 Salted prawns蒜末拌黄
15、瓜 Cucumbers with minced garlic拌土豆丝 Shredded potatoes in light sauce五香酱牛肉 Five-flavor beef松仁玉米 sweet corn with pine nuts家常鱼 Home-style fish干烧鱼 Dry-fried fish松鼠鱼 Sweet and sour fish in squirrel shape糖醋鱼 Sweet and sour fish凤尾鱼 Phoenix tail fish清蒸鱼 Steamed fish梅菜扣肉 Pig-belly with pickled vegetable鱼香肉丝 S
16、hredded pork with garlic sauce;Spicy shredded pork;fish-flavoredshredded pork in hot sauce-可修编.-京酱肉丝 Pork fillet in chilli sauce鱼香茄子 Spicy eggplant with garlic sauce;fish-flavored eggplant酸辣汤 Spicy and sour thick soup;hot and sour soup葱爆牛肉 Fried beef with scallion糖醋排骨 Sweet and sour spareribs红烧牛肉 Br
17、oiled beef;braised beef盐水青毛豆 Boiled salty young soy beans海蜇皮 Jellyfish糖醋里脊 Sweet and sour boneless pork（tenderloin）木须肉 Stir-fried pork with eggs and black fungus宫爆肉丁 Diced pork with hot peppers牛肉丸 Beef meatballs葱爆羊肉 Quick-fried lamb with scallions羊肉串 shish kabob脆皮鸡 Crispy-skin chicken红烧鱼 Braised fis
18、h西施奶油虾 prawns with butter cream炸虾球 Deep-fried shrimp balls炒螃蟹 Fried crab清蒸鳗鱼 Steamed eel红烧海参 Braised sea cucumber红烧豆腐 Braised bean curd麻婆豆腐 Bean curd with minced pork in hot sauce家常豆腐 Home-style bean curd沙锅豆腐 Bean curd in casserole（砂锅）蛋花汤 Egg-drop soup火腿冬瓜汤 Ham and white gourd soup担担面 Spicy sesame n
19、oodles炒面 Fried noodles油焖笋尖 Braised bamboo shoots泡菜 Pickled vegetables锅贴 Pan-fried pork dumplings,fried dumplings腰果虾仁 Shrimps with cashew nuts炒饭 Fried rice牛肉饺 Beef dumplings猪肉饺 Pork dumplings蒸饺 Steamed pork dumplings水饺 Boiled dumplings-可修编.-馄饨 Wonton薄饼 Mandarin cakes花卷 Steamed rolls；steamed twisted r
20、oll春卷 Spring roll;egg roll拔丝香蕉 Hot candied bananas拔丝苹果 Hot candied apples拔丝地瓜 Hot candied sweet potatoes豆沙包 Sweet bean buns鲍鱼 Abalone扇贝 Scallops墨鱼 cuttlefish豆瓣鱼 Fish with hot bean sauce竹笋 Bamboo shoots豆芽 Bean sprout苦瓜 balsam pear；bitter melon糖炒栗子 Fried chestnuts with sugar芥蓝 Chinese broccoli；cabbage
21、 mustard韭菜 Chinese chives;leek洋葱 Onion大葱 Spring onion;scallion芋头 Taro葱油饼 deep-fried scallion cake主菜 main course;entre附菜 side dish山珍海味 delicacies from land and sea炒鳝背 fried eel back芙蓉虾仁 shrimps with egg white干烧桂鱼 fried mandarin fish in brown sauce宫保大虾 sauted prawns with hot pepper红烧鱼翅 braised shark f
22、in in brown sauce清炖甲鱼 stewed soft-shelled turtle糖醋黄鱼 sweet and sour yellow croaker回锅肉 twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce椒盐排骨 spare ribs with pepper and salt炸猪排 fried pork chop铁扒牛排 grilled beefsteak蛇油牛肉sliced beef sauted in oyster sauce羊肉串 sliced mutton barbecue-可修编.-炒双冬 sauted mushrooms and bam
23、boo shoots什锦炒蔬 stirfried mixed vegetables火腿鸡丝汤shredded chicken and ham soup鱼翅汤 shark fin soup榨菜肉丝汤shredded pork song with pickled tuber mustard紫菜虾米汤 dried shrimps and red laver soup鸡茸蘑菇汤 cream of mushroom with chicken八宝饭 babao steamed rice with candled fruits and red bean paste filling XX 炒饭Yangchow
24、 fried rice炒米粉 fried ground rice noodles糯米饭 cooked glutinous rice粥；稀饭congee；rice gruel；porridge小米粥 millet gruel冷面 cold noodles咖喱牛肉面 noodle soup with sliced curry beef炸酱面 noodles with fried brown sauce paste油条 fried twisted stick汤圆glutinous rice dumpling in soup小笼包子 steamed meat dumpling粽子 Zongzi;ric
25、e dumpling wrapped in reed leaves补酒 tonic liquor;wine(tonic 滋补品)Beijing roast duck 烤鸭Sweet and sour pork 糖醋里脊Mongolian hot pot 涮羊肉Crispy chicken 脆皮鸡Roast sucking pig 烤乳猪Kung-pao chicken 宫爆鸡丁Beancurd with pepper and chili sauce 麻婆豆腐Salad 沙拉Pen cakes 豌豆黄-可修编.-Spring rolls 春卷Sweet ears 糖耳朵Won-ton soup
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