沪教版2017年初中英语八年级上册复习纲要.pdf
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1、沪教版沪教版 20172017 年初中英语八年级年初中英语八年级上册复习纲要上册复习纲要20172017 年八年级英语上年八年级英语上册期末复习提纲册期末复习提纲Unit 1 EncyclopediaUnit 1 Encyclopedia一、必背词汇及短语一、必背词汇及短语(1)(1)重点单词重点单词:1.*encyclopedia1.*encyclopedian.n.百科全书百科全书2.human2.humanadj.adj.人的人的3.dinosaur3.dinosaurn.n.恐龙恐龙4.*Italian4.*Italiann.n.意大利人意大利人5.inventor5.inventor
2、n.n.发明家发明家6.musician6.musiciann.n.音乐家音乐家7.scientist7.scientistn.n.科学家科学家8.born8.born(be bornbe born)出生)出生9.countryside9.countrysiden.n.乡村,农村乡村,农村10.intelligence10.intelligencen.n.才智,智慧才智,智慧11.*artistic11.*artisticadj.adj.有天赋的有天赋的12.ability12.abilityn.n.才能,能力才能,能力13.perhaps13.perhapsadv.adv.可能,大概可能,大
3、概14.invention14.inventionn.n.发明发明15.notebook15.notebookn.n.笔记本笔记本16.include16.includev.v.包括,包含包括,包含17.even adv.(17.even adv.(强调出乎意料强调出乎意料)甚至甚至18.however18.howeveradv.adv.然而然而19.suddenly19.suddenlyadv.adv.突然,忽然突然,忽然20.nobody20.nobodypron.pron.没有人没有人21.*fossil21.*fossiln.n.化石化石22.win22.winv.(v.(在比赛中在比
4、赛中)获胜,赢获胜,赢23.dollar23.dollarn.n.美元美元(2)(2)重点短语重点短语:1.in the countryside1.in the countryside在乡村,在农村在乡村,在农村2.human being2.human being人人3.die out3.die out灭绝,消失灭绝,消失4.find out4.find out了解,弄清了解,弄清5.go for a walk5.go for a walk去散步去散步6.be born6.be born 出生出生7.more than7.more than 多于,超过多于,超过8.just like8.jus
5、t like 正如,正像正如,正像9.how long9.how long 多久多久10.would like10.would like 想要想要11.for example11.for example 例如例如12.next to12.next to 紧挨着紧挨着13.look up13.look up 查阅查阅14.live on Earth14.live on Earth 生活在地球上生活在地球上15.an Italian painter15.an Italian painter 一位意大利画家一位意大利画家16.used to do sth16.used to do sth 过去常常做
6、某事过去常常做某事17.at the end of17.at the end of 在在末尾末尾18.in the centre18.in the centre 在中心在中心e out e out of从从出来出来20.be famous for20.be famous for 以以而闻名而闻名be famous asbe famous as 作为作为而闻名而闻名(3)(3)重点句型:重点句型:1.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.1.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.有的恐龙和鸡一样小。有的恐龙和
7、鸡一样小。2.Dinosaurs lived on Earthmore than 60 million years before human beings.2.Dinosaurs lived on Earthmore than 60 million years before human beings.恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。3.Suddenly dinosaurs all died out.3.Suddenly dinosaurs all died out.突然恐龙都灭绝了。突然恐龙都灭绝了。4.However,we can learn abou
8、t dinosaurs from their fossils.4.However,we can learn about dinosaurs from their fossils.2 2然而,我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。然而,我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。5.Nobody knows why.5.Nobody knows why.没有人知道其中的原因。没有人知道其中的原因。6.Would you like some tea?6.Would you like some tea?你想要一些茶吗?你想要一些茶吗?二、语法:二、语法:some/anysome/any 复合不定代词复合不定代词教材典句教
9、材典句1.1.I have some questions about dinosaurs.I have some questions about dinosaurs.2.2.Do they have any questions about dinosaurs?Do they have any questions about dinosaurs?3.3.Would you like some tea?Would you like some tea?4.4.We dont have any bread.We dont have any bread.语法全解:语法全解:(一)(一)SomeSome
10、和和 anyany 都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,表示都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,表示“一些一些.”.”但二者在用法上但二者在用法上还是有区别的。还是有区别的。somesome 一般用于肯定句一般用于肯定句anyany 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。一般用于否定句和疑问句中。(二)(二)somesome 和和 anyany 的特殊用法:的特殊用法:somesome 用在疑问句中,表示请求,建议或希望得到肯定回答。用在疑问句中,表示请求,建议或希望得到肯定回答。anyany 可用于肯定句,表示可用于肯定句,表示“任何的,任一的任何的,任一的”,后常接可数名词单数(,后常接可数名词单数(
11、any+any+单数名词)单数名词)。some+some+单数名词单数名词,表示某一表示某一复合不定代词复合不定代词教材典句教材典句1.1.I saw nobody.I saw nobody.2.2.There is not anybody in the room.There is not anybody in the room.3.3.Is there anything on the bookcase?Is there anything on the bookcase?4.4.Is there anyone next to the piano?Is there anyone next to
12、the piano?以上句子都含有复合不定代词以上句子都含有复合不定代词 nobodynobody,anybodyanybody,anythinganything 和和 anyoneanyone。语法全解语法全解由由 somesome,everyevery,no,anyno,any 分别与分别与 oneone,thingthing 和和 bodybody 组合即可得到以下复合不定代词:组合即可得到以下复合不定代词:someonesomeoneanyoneanyoneno oneno oneeveryoneeveryonesomethingsomethinganythinganythingnot
13、hingnothingeverythingeverythingsomebodysomebodyanybodyanybodynobodynobodyeverybodyeverybody1.1.一般说来,一般说来,由由 somesome 构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中;构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中;而由而由 anyany 构成的复合不定代词构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。注:注:nobody=not anybody=notanyone=no onenobody=not anybody=notanyone=no onenothing=notanyt
14、hingnothing=notanything【拓展】由【拓展】由 somesome 构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中,用来表示请求,建议等语句。构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中,用来表示请求,建议等语句。2.2.复合不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式复合不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式3.3.形容词修饰复合不定代词形容词修饰复合不定代词 somethingsomething,anythinganything,everythingeverything,nothingnothing 等时,形容词要后置等时,形容词要后置,即(不定代词即(不定代词+形容词)形容词)4.have s
15、omething to do4.have something to do 有事要做有事要做5.Th5.There is something wrong withere is something wrong with某人某人/物出了问题物出了问题6.6.There is nothing wrong withThere is nothing wrong with某人某人/物没问题物没问题Unit 2Unit 2NumbersNumbers一、必背词汇及短语一、必背词汇及短语3 3(1)(1)重点单词重点单词:1.number1.numbern.n.数字数字2.instructions n.(pl)
16、2.instructions n.(pl)指示、命令指示、命令3.check3.checkv.v.检查,核实检查,核实4.chess4.chessn.n.国际象棋国际象棋5.wise5.wiseadj.adj.充满智慧的充满智慧的6.challenge6.challengev.v.向(某人)挑战向(某人)挑战7.promise7.promisev.v.许诺,承诺许诺,承诺8.prize8.prizen.n.奖赏,奖品奖赏,奖品9.double9.doublev.(v.(使使)加倍加倍10.amount10.amountn.n.数量,数额数量,数额11.rest11.restn.n.剩余部分剩余
17、部分12.instead12.insteadadv.adv.代替,顶替代替,顶替13.realize13.realizev.v.认识到,意识到认识到,意识到14.copy14.copyv.v.抄写,誊写抄写,誊写15.correctly15.correctlyadv.adv.准确无误地,正确地准确无误地,正确地16.traffic16.trafficn.n.交通交通17.accident17.accidentn.(n.(交通交通)事故事故18.count18.countv.v.计数计数 统计统计(2)(2)重点短语重点短语:1.in ones daily life1.in ones daily
18、 life 在某人的日常生活在某人的日常生活2.play chess2.play chess 下国际象棋下国际象棋3.a long time ago3.a long time ago很早以前很早以前4.challengeto4.challengeto向(某人)挑战向(某人)挑战5.win the game5.win the game 赢得比赛赢得比赛6.a grain of rice6.a grain of rice 一粒米一粒米7.double the amount7.double the amount 数量的两倍数量的两倍8.so that8.so that 为的是,以便为的是,以便9.o
19、rder sb to do sth9.order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事10.ask sb for help10.ask sb for help 向某人求救向某人求救11.for sure11.for sure 确保,无疑确保,无疑12.give sb good advice12.give sb good advice 给某人好的建给某人好的建议议13.make money=earn money13.make money=earn money 赚钱赚钱14.follow ones advice14.follow ones advice 接受某人建议接受某人建议1
20、5.not any more15.not any more 不再不再16.work hard16.work hard 努力工作努力工作17.all the year round17.all the year round 全年全年18.take place18.take place 发生发生19.promise to do sth19.promise to do sth 承诺做某事承诺做某事20.in this way20.in this way 用这种方法用这种方法21.at first21.at first 起初起初22.copy down22.copy down 抄写,誊写抄写,誊写23.
21、taketo23.taketo 带去带去24.in a year24.in a year一年后一年后25.a number of=many25.a number of=many许多许多(后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数)the number of the number of 的数量的数量(后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数)26.be made from26.be made from 由制成由制成(看不出原材料看不出原材料)be made ofbe made of由制成由制成(看得出原材料)(看得出原材料)27.enough+27.
22、enough+名词名词+to do sth+to do sth足够干某事足够干某事形容词形容词+enough+enough28.would like to do sth=feel like doing sth=want to do sth28.would like to do sth=feel like doing sth=want to do sth 想要做某事想要做某事(3)(3)重点句型:重点句型:1.Whats 6 minus 6?1.Whats 6 minus 6?六减六等于多少呢?六减六等于多少呢?2.From then on he was not lazy any more.2.
23、From then on he was not lazy any more.从那以后,他不再懒惰。从那以后,他不再懒惰。3.Hello,this is Joyce speaking.3.Hello,this is Joyce speaking.你好,我是乔伊斯。你好,我是乔伊斯。4.Wouldnt you like gold or silver4.Wouldnt you like gold or silverinstead?instead?难道你不想要金子或银子代替吗?难道你不想要金子或银子代替吗?二、语法:数词(基数词和序数词)二、语法:数词(基数词和序数词)1 1基数词基数词定义:表示数目
24、多少的词称为基数词。定义:表示数目多少的词称为基数词。4 41.1-121.1-12 为独立的单词,有其各自的形式。为独立的单词,有其各自的形式。oneonesevenseventwotwoeighteightthreethreenineninefourfourtentenfivefiveelevenelevensixsixtwelvetwelve2.13-192.13-19 都以都以-teen-teen 结尾,它们都有两个重读音节。结尾,它们都有两个重读音节。thirteenthirteenfourteenfourteenseventeenseventeeneighteeneighteenf
25、ifteenfifteennineteennineteensixteensixteen3.20-903.20-90 之间的“整十”都以之间的“整十”都以-ty-ty 结尾。结尾。twentytwentysixtysixtythirtythirtyseventyseventyfortyfortyeightyeightyfiftyfiftyninetyninety4.4.表示表示 21-9921-99 之间的“几十几”时,先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字号:之间的“几十几”时,先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字号:EgEg:21 twenty-one,21 twenty-one,36 thi
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