新建科技英语阅读与翻译.pdf

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1、Part I Reading comprehension(40%)共四篇，其中一篇来自教材，占10%；Passage 6 1.1)Yes,it is.2)Once the technology had evolved,it became possible.It is just a matter of time.3)The faster you go,the slower time seems to move for you with respect to everyone else.This concept is known as“time dilation.”4)travel at the

2、speed of light;5)If your speed finally reaches the speed of light then time actually stands still,exceed the speed of light and its thought that time will start to flow backward.6)An effect of Relativity is that the faster you go,the heavier you become and as you reach the speed of light,you become

3、infinitely heavy.7)The technique is called“quantum tunneling”.It is used by electrons orbiting around atoms to instantly move from point A to point B without passing through the space between.8)It is actually only technology stopping us from doing it.2.1)即使如我面前的杯子这么普通的东西也可以说某种程度上掌握了时间旅行。它在桌子上放着，看似无所

4、事事，然而实际上正在穿越时空，无情地，它的速度是每天走一天。2）如果我跑到这咖啡店的速度接近光速，当我坐下来时，我的年龄小于我周围的人。实际上，我已经走到他们的未来。3)剩下的就是当宇宙倒退时，以这个速度飞行，在适当的时候减速，然后在1973年7月突然出现，那是有史以来最伟大的时刻我出生啦。Passage 7 1.1)By altering the function of one gene,the life span of a species of roundworm could be increased from the usual two weeks to a month.Study wi

5、th roundworms found that certain anticonvulsant drugs had a substantial impact on life expectancy.The drugs lengthened the life of the worms by up to 50 percent.2)The research has fueled speculation that there soon may be drugs available that could have related life-extending effects in humans.3)Cur

6、rently,heart disease is treated by drugs or,in more serious cases,with bypass surgeries and angioplasties.4)Heart“patch”someday soon could be used to repair damaged heart tissue,essentially returning the heart to pre-heart attack functionality.5)The most exciting part of the research into regenerati

7、ve therapies is the prospect that future regenerative treatments could focus on causing damaged tissues to repair themselves in the body.6)The conventional wisdom is that energy supplies are dwindling while demand is rising,creating a condition in which a serious social and economic dislocation is u

8、navoidable,if not actually imminent.7)It is not just oil that is in abundance.Coal abounds in the United States and can be burned much more cleanly now than in the past,making it,once again,a very viable resource for the generation of electricity.8)Of all the natural resources available,by far the m

9、ost important are mans own God-given abilities.2.据美国心脏协会介绍，每年有大约50万人死于心脏病。据估计，有多达650万美国人深受心绞痛及其他心脏病带来的胸痛之苦。目前，治疗心脏病的方法主要是药物，或病情比较严重时，采用心脏搭桥手术或者血管造影术。最危重的情况下，心脏移植可以延续病人生命。不过很快可能会有一种新颖革新的技术补充或者替代这些治疗手段。Passage8 1.1)Malicious hackers,hi-tech bank robbers and identity thieves were the stuff of science f

10、iction novels;few outside the industry of information technology had more than a passing knowledge of their damaging potential.2)The fact that“this all went on behind the scenes-and the average citizen knew little about it”changes.3)A number of malicious and highly publicized computer viruses;the te

11、rrorist attacks of September 2001 4)Advantage:create vast new opportunities to enrich our lives and improve our economy;Disadvantage:also offer a tempting target for vandals,criminals and terrorists.5)We halted development on several key products and invested more than$100 million to evaluate our ex

12、isting software for security issues,and to train our developers to build security into our future products from the ground up.6)Existing industry standards,business practices and regulations already do much to ensure the security of personal information.7)It creates computing systems that will be se

13、lf-managing,self-repairing and inherently resilient.8)open answer 9)open answer 10)open answer 2.1)reliable 2)flawless 3)disclosed 4)transactional 5)skyrocketed 6)viable 7)deterrence 8)Implement 9)has been implemented;be implemented 10)aggression 3.1)再三考虑后，我决定坚持我原来的计划。2)我已授权她在我外出的时候代我执行公务。行动给我。3)我们应

14、该增加农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善农村生产和生活条件。4)橡胶比木头弹性更大。5)读书使人充实，交谈使人精明.6)他警告说，黎巴嫩的战斗可能会造成中东地区的不稳定。7)他曾坐牢的过去被公开毁了他的竞选公职的机会。8)他是一个很耐心的领导者和指导，我很崇拜他。9)失败并没有阻止他再次尝试。10)战争和自然灾害都是死亡率上升的原因。Passage9 1.1)support an argument 2)It could be used in many different Paragraph 4 explains how the problem presented in paragraph 3 c

15、ame to be solved4)Indicate one of the important developments made possible by the introduction of Watts steam engine 5)They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes 2.1)abundant 2)exploiting 3)multiplied 4)continued 5)dramatically 6)succeeded 7)efficient 8)various 9)operated 10)liberati

16、on 3.1)工业革命标志着人类历史上一个重要的转折点；最终影响了日常生活的几乎每个方面。2)总之，没有新的可转移持久能源出现就没有新的机械时代。3)瓦特发明的蒸汽机很快就显示了它的用场，它把工业从对水源的依赖中解放了出来。4)到19世纪，英国使用了超过1万台蒸汽机，直到19世纪30年代，英国在蒸汽机生产上一直占据垄断地位。5)这些问题需要新的解决途径，各环节已然唾手可得。Passage 10 1.1)These were formed by the gradual outward movement of material as the solid interior settled toget

17、her;There is interaction always:evaporation,condensation,solution,and weathering;hot springs,volcanoes,and earthquakes are the more noticeable manifestations here on the surface.2)Our own body is made up of nonliving crystals in bones and nonliving water in blood,as well as of a large variety of liv

18、ing portions.3)To point out that various parts are interrelated and the change of one of the parts will result in butterfly effect.4)To show that the present rate of increase of Earths swarming human population qualifies Homo sapiens as an ecological cancer,which will destroy the ecology just as sur

19、ely as any ordinary cancer would destroy an organism.5)By raising the death rate or by lowering the birthrate.There are no other alternatives.6)The title The Case against Man(状告人类)implies that if human beings keep exploiting the planet like what they are doing at present,the source of the earth will

20、 soon burn out so will the race of human beings.7)C 8)D 9)B 2.1)d 2)a 3)d 4)c 5)b 6)b 7)c 8)a 9)b 10)b 3.1)been 2)raise3)spread 4)dying 5)began 6)caused 7)According to 8)up to 9)as 10)unusual 11)be linked to 12)of course 13)however 14)came into 15)ranging 4.1)在形成的初期，地球很可能缺少我们现在称之为海洋和大气的物质。2）20亿到30亿年

21、前，部分地表水沐浴来自太阳辐射的能量，形成复杂的组织，里面化合物足够丰富，足以成为我们所说的“生命”。3)整个星球就是一个由无生命部分和大量有生命部分组成的生物形式。（如同我们的身体是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水，以及大量的有机物组成。）4）同样地，从整个星球的范围来看，砍伐一片森林总体上不会威胁地球上的生命，但它会对地区生物形式，甚至水流的性质，以至对地质结构细微之处带来重大改变。5）如同任何普通的癌症会毁坏一个有机体一样，目前的癌症必定会破坏生态环境。Passage11 1 1)T 2)F 3)T 4)F 5)F 6)T 2.1)Hybrid 2)ultimately 3)signi

22、ficantly;depending on;renewable;Charging 3.电动汽车很受欢迎的原因是它们比较清洁、噪音小而且易于操作。但是两次发展极大改善了汽油为动力的汽车，使之前者无法与后者抗衡。1912年，查尔斯凯特林发明了电子启动装置，淘汰了手柄启动方式。同时，亨利福特开发了流水线工艺来制造他的T型车。比起电动汽车的生产，组装更有效率且更经济。这样，汽油驱动汽车价格下降，足以使得每个家庭都买得起汽车。20世纪20年代，只有电动车，运输车这样需要频繁启停的车和其他一些电驱动的交通工具撑下来了。Part II Translation(60%)(1)Sentence translat

23、ion from Chinese to English(26%)(2)Sentence translation from English to Chinese(34%)上述各 6 句，均来自教材例子或后面练习。Lecture1 (1)We shall mention here two temperature scales,namely,the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.这里我们将提及两种温标:华氏温标和摄氏温标。(2)A material object cannot have a speed greater than the speed

24、 of light.一个物体的速度绝不会超过光速。(3)Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates,and then condensing the vapor.蒸馏就是要把溶液加热,直到水蒸发,然后再使蒸汽冷凝。(4)It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.严禁乱拆,以免损坏该设备的零件。Lecture2 (1)Electrode potential depends o

25、n the concentration of the ions.电极电位决定于离子浓度。(chemistry)(2)The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described.文章论述矿物中痕量汞的测定。(measurement in physics)(3)A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possibility.由于目前高品位的矿石可能用完,富集过程是重要的。(meta

26、llurgy)2 名词化(1)阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.(2)地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.More examoles：(1)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已被用来探

27、索宇宙。(2)The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power.用这种方法实验机器会损失一些功率。(3)Despite all the improvements,rubber still has a number of limitations.尽管改进了很多，但合成橡胶仍有一些缺陷。(4)Failure to fix these symbols in mind keeps students from mastering the mathematical subjects they take up.由于未能记住这些

28、符号,使得许多学生无法掌握他们选修的教学课程。课堂练习：(5)This higher cost is not entirely due to the shape of the part,or the use of a more expensive metal.成本教高不完全是由于部件的形状,也不是由于使用的金属比较昂贵。(6)High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。liquid crystal 液晶 machi

29、ne building 机器制造 aircraft 飞机 cast-iron 铸铁 maintenance 维修 antibody 抗体 imbalance 不平衡 extra-terrestrial 行星际的 subsystem 分系统 water jacket 水套 linear measurement 长度单位 metalwork 金属制品 conveyer-belt 传送带 propeller 推进器 contradiction 矛盾 non-metal 非金属 decontrol 取消控制 unbar 消除障碍 computer language 计算机语言 civil engine

30、ering 土木工程 powerplant 发电站 machine-made 机制的 counterbalance 反平衡 discharge 放电 hydro-electric 发电 ultrasonic 超声 non-ferrous 有色金属的 1）Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤/磨损。2)The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by

31、 the delivery of energy.电工学主要关注通过输送能量做功的情况。3)Gene piracy is not new.窃取基因不是新鲜事。4)All plants and animals need carbon for growth.所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。Lecture3 1 Simple Present Tense（一般现在时）(1)This law applies to all classes of levers.这个定律适用于各类杠杆。(2)People discovered electricity a good many years ago.人们很久以前就发现

32、了电。2 Passive Voice（被动语态）例：As oil is found deep in the ground,its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.Consequently,a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out.If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil,a“drilling rig”is assembled.Th

33、e most obvious part of a drilling rig is called“a derrick”.It is used to lift sections of pipe,which are lowered into the hole made by the drill.As the hole is being drilled,a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in.If oil is struck,a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pi

34、pe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of values.石油埋藏于地层深处。因此,仅研究地层表面,无法确定有无石油,必须勘测地下的岩石结构。如果确定了某一区域的岩石蕴藏着石油,就此安装钻机。它的主要部分是机架,用以撑起一节一节的钢管,让其下到井孔。一边钻井,一边下钢管,以防周围土层塌陷。一旦出油,就紧固管盖,让油从各个阀门喷出。3 Non-restrictive Verbs/Non-finite Verbs&(to do,doing,done)（非限定性动词）(1)Today the electronic computer

35、is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.今天,电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题,这些问题与天气预报和卫星送入轨道有关。(2)Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium;the tape containing the informa

36、tion required to produce the part can be stored,reused or modified when required.少量或中量地生产产品时,数控机是极为有用的,录用生产零件必需资料的磁带可以存放起来,需要时,还可重新使用或修改。Use of Conditional&Imperative（条件句，祈使句）(1)If there were no attraction,the electron would fly away from the proton in a straight line.如果没有吸引力,电子会以直线方向飞离质子。Common Use

37、 of Conditional (1)A sudden loss of lift will be experienced in case the aircraft speed falls below a certain level.如果飞机速度降到一定水平以下,就会突然失去升力。(2)In case of an oil-pump failure,the moving parts will become overheated.假如油泵失灵,运转部件就会过热。(3)In the event of fog,aircraft can be guided down to the runway from

38、the control tower.万一有雾,飞机可以由指挥塔引导降落到跑道上。Common Use of Imperative(1)Allow the water to cool for ten minutes and then make the temperature.让水冷却 10 分钟,然后再测温度。(2)The machines should be handled with great care.这些机器应小心轻放。5 Adjective Phrases as Attribute（形容词作后置定语）(1)As a ship is loaded,it sinks deeper into

39、 the water,displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load.船装了货吃水更深,其排开的附加水量等于所装货的重量。(2)Non-mobile robots,capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly,are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.不能行走的

40、机器人能学会做工,并能孜孜不倦地工作,今天在世界各地的工厂里得到了使用。6 练习(1)All bodies have inertia.所有物体都有惯性。(2)The ancient people counted with stones.古代人用石头记数。(3)Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我(4)The famous building has been destroyed by the big fire.大火把这幢大楼毁掉了。(5)The engine can be run at very hi

41、gh speeds on condition the vibrations can be damped out.这部发动机可以很高速运转，条件是把震动降低。(6)As long as a rocket burns enough fuel to provide sufficient thrust,it will contribute to increase in speed.要火箭燃烧足够的燃料使它产生足够的推力，它就会不断加速。(7)The surface must be cleaned.表面必须清扫干净。Lecture4 :non-life nouns，without“by”to indic

42、ate“who has done it”(1)Metals are widely used in industry.金属广泛地应用在工业上。(2)The speed of the molecules is increased when they are heated.当分子受热时,其速度就增加。English:adverbials indicating“where”,“how”(地点状语、方式状语)or other adverbials.from+noun.)(1)Even when the pressure stays the same,great changes in air densit

43、y are caused by changes in temperature.即使压力不变,气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。(2)The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽机发明的结果是,机械力代替了人力。(3)Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhere in that province,helping farmers to do

44、their work in a more scientific way.该省已普遍成立了农技推广中心,帮助农民以更加科学的方法种田。:Verb+object+object complement Verb-add“人们”,“大家”,“众人”,”我们”etc.in front of the translated version of the verb.(1)Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity.大家知道,电子是极为微小的负电荷。(2)Rubber is found a good insulating mat

45、erial.人们发现胶是一种良好的绝缘材料。(3)When two bodies oscillate at the same frequency,they are said to be in resonance.当两个物体以相同的频率震动时,我们说它们处于共振状态。2 Non-life Subject Sentence in Chinese(无主句)（1）Temperature is changed quickly from room temperature to 125and is held there for at least 15 minutes.使温度很快从室温升到125,并至少保持1

46、5分钟。（2）After sealing the header is cleaned and then the leads are clipped to the desired length.封焊后把管座清洗干净,然后把引线剪到所需长度。（3）The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.利用发电机,可以将机械能在转变为电能。（4）The converter is tipped on to its side and the charge of molten iron is pour

47、ed into the top.将转炉向一侧倾转后,从炉顶上把铁水倒入炉中。（5）The pressure to be measured is applied to one side of the diagram and a reference pressure is applied to the other side.把待测压力接到薄膜的一侧,参考压力接到另一侧。（6）The damage caused by acid rain can be alleviated by adding lime to lakes,rivers and streams and/or their catchmen

48、ts areas.往湖泊、河流和溪流及(或)它们的集水区中撒石灰,可以减轻酸雨所造成的损害。3 Passive voice in Chinese “被”,“受”(seldom used,to emphasize only)“由”,“所”,“叫”,“把”,“得到”,“受到”,“加以”,“予以”,“为所”,“是的”,etc.(commonly used)（1）The plan will be discussed first.此计划将首先加以/得以讨论（2）Only a small part of the suns energy reaching the earth is used by us.传到

49、地球的太阳能只有一小部分为我们所利用。（3）New uses have been found for old metals,and new alloys have been made to satisfy new demands.老金属有了新用途,新合金被冶炼出来了,以满足新的需要。（4）The development of electronic computers has been heralded as the beginning of a second industrial revolution as tremendous in scope as that initiated by th

50、e invention of the steam engine.电子计算机的发展被宣称为另一次工业革命的开端,其规模同蒸汽机的发明所导致的第一次工业革命一样宏大。“是的”（1）Many car engines are cooled by water.许多汽车发动机是用水冷却的。（2）The first explosive in the world was made and used in China.世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。（3）Produced by electrons are the X-rays,which allow the doctor to look inside a