2015版新目标八年级上册英语第二单元知识点归纳.pdf
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1、2015 八年级上册英语第二单元知识点归纳Unit2Unit2How often do you exercise?How often do you exercise?重点词重点词housework 家务劳动;家务事hardly 几乎不;几乎没有ever 在任何时候;从来;曾经once 一次;曾经twice 两次;两倍program 节目full 忙的;满的;充满的maybe 大概;或许;可能least 最小(的);最少(的)health n.健康(adj.健康的)percent 百分之although 虽然;尽管;即使through 以;凭借;穿过dentist 牙科医生magazine(pl
2、.magazines)杂志;期刊however 然而;不过than(用以引出比较的第二个部分)比almost 几乎;差不多none 没有一个;毫无less 较少(的);较小(的)一、词组、短语:一、词组、短语:1、help with housework 帮助做家务活,2、go shopping 购物,3、on weekends 在周末,4、how often 多久一次,5、hardly ever 几乎不,6、once a week 每周一次,7、twice a month 每月二次,8、go to the movies 去看电影,9、every day 每天,10、use the Intern
3、et 上网/用网,11、be free 有空,第 1 页12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课,13、swing dance 摇摆舞14、play tennis 打网球,15、stay up late 熬夜,睡得很晚16、at least 至少,17、go to bed early 早睡,18、play sports 锻炼身体,进行体育活动19、be good for 对有好处,20、go camping 去野营,21、in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间,22、not.at all根本不;一点儿也不23、the most popular
4、最流行;最受欢迎的24、such as 例如,25、go to the dentist 去看牙医,26、more than超过/多于,27、Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改。28、hard=difficult 困难的,29、less than 少于/不到二、习惯用法、搭配二、习惯用法、搭配1.help sb.with sth帮助某人做某事2.How about+n./v.ing?=What about?.怎么样?/.好不好?第 2 页3.want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事4.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句.有多少.5.主语+find+that 从句
5、发现6.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是.的7.spend time with sb.与某人一起度过时光8.ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事9.by doing sth.通过做某事10.Whats your favorite.?你最喜欢的是什么?11 start doing sth.开始做某事12.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式13、leave for动身去某地二、精讲1How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次?【解析】本句是含有特殊疑问词 how often 的特殊疑问句。how often 多久一次,用
6、于对动作发生的频率进行提问。回答应该是频度副词或表示频率的词组,如always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,ever,never,every day,once a week,three times a day 等。Eg.How often do you go to the movies?你多久去看一次电影?Once a week.一周一次。how often:多久一次,用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,答语有 never,sometimes,often,usually,always,three第 3 页times a year 等。how long:
7、多长时间,用来对“for+一段时间”提问,强调时间的延续,其谓语动词应为延续性动词;此外,还可用于询问物体的长度。how soon:需要多长时间,过多久才对“对“in+in+一段时间“提问,一段时间“提问,答语有 in a week/month/year 等。how far:多远,用来询问距离,答语常用“数字+miles/kilometers”等。【解析【解析 2 2】exercise vexercise v 锻炼锻炼=do sports=play sports=do sports=play sports【短语】【短语】take/have/do exercisetake/have/do exe
8、rcise 做运动做运动do morning exercisedo morning exercise 做早操做早操do eye exercisedo eye exercise 做眼保健操做眼保健操2.help with housework帮助做家务(1)help with sth.意为“帮助做某事”拓展:help sb.withsth.=help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事Eg:I often help him with his English.=I often help him(to)learn English.我经常帮他学习英语。(2)housework 意为“家务劳动”。
9、不可数名词。1.They havehousework to do.A.manyB.much3 3、What do youWhat do youusuallyusuallydodo on weekends on weekends?你在周末做什么?你在周末做什么?【解析【解析 1 1】频度副词】频度副词意思意思第 4 页频度频度alwaysalways总是,总是,一直,一直,100%100%usuallyusually通常,经常通常,经常90%90%oftenoften常常,经常常常,经常70%70%sometimessometimes=atat 有时,不时有时,不时40%40%timestime
10、shardlyhardlyever=ever=几乎从不几乎从不5%5%almost notalmost notnevernever从不,决不从不,决不0%0%【注】【注】:频度副词表示多长时间做某事一次,:频度副词表示多长时间做某事一次,用在实义动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。用在实义动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。We often cleanclean the classroom every day.【拓展】【拓展】somesometime/sometime/some times/sometimestime/sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】【
11、口诀】:分开是一段,合起是某时;:分开是一段,合起是某时;分开分开 s s 是倍次,合起是倍次,合起s s 是某是某时时(1)some time(1)some time 一段时间,做时间状语一段时间,做时间状语It takes sb some time to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间做某事花费某人多长时间(2)(2)sometimesometimeadvadv在某个时候,在某个时候,()I hope to visit the USA _ in the future.A.sometimesB.some timesC.som
12、etimeD.some time(3)some times(3)some times 名词词组,名词词组,“几次,几倍”“几次,几倍”(4)(4)sometimes=at timessometimes=at times 有时有时(一般现在时的标志词)(一般现在时的标志词)【20142014 四川绵阳】四川绵阳】1717_ do you write an English article_ do you write an English articlefor our school newspaper?for our school newspaper?Sometimes.Sometimes.A.A.
13、HowHow longlongB.B.HowHow oftenoftenC.C.HowHow muchmuchD.How farD.How far【解析【解析 2 2】weekend/weekdayweekend/weekday 辨析辨析单词单词weekendweekend意思意思周末周末第 5 页范围范围周六、周日周六、周日weeddayweedday工作日工作日周一至周五周一至周五【解析】【解析】on weekends=on Saturday and Sundayon weekends=on Saturday and Sunday 在周末在周末on weekdays=from Monday
14、 to Fridayon weekdays=from Monday to Friday 在工作日在工作日()The teachers never arrive late for work from Monday toFriday.A.on weekdaysB.on weekendsC.every dayD.five times a week.辨析:sometimes,some times,sometime,some timesometimessometimes 是频度副词,意为“有时;间或”是频度副词,意为“有时;间或”,表示动作发生的频,表示动作发生的频率,相当于率,相当于atat time
15、stimes 提问。常用于一般现在时与一般过去时。提问用 how oftensome times 是名词短语,意为“几倍、几次”。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解;表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How mangtimessometimesometime某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。提问用 whensome time一段时间。常与 for 连用。对它提问用 how long。口诀记忆:分开“一段时间”口诀记忆:分开“一段时间”;相聚“某个时候”;相聚“某个时候”。Eg:Sometimes I get up very late.有时我起床很晚。I wil
16、l go to shanghai sometime next week.下周某个时候我要去上海。He reads the story some times.他读这个故事几遍了。Ill stay here for some time.我将会在这儿呆一段时间。练习:Weplanto第 6 页stayinHainanfor.我们打算在海南呆一段时间。Iamsurethatwehavemetbefore.我肯定我们之前见过几次了。Ihave letters from him.有时我会收到他的来信。4.4.Hardly everHardly ever几乎从不几乎从不【解析】【解析】hardhard(1)
17、(1)advadv努力地,猛烈地努力地,猛烈地workwork hardhard 努力工作努力工作study hardstudy hard 努力学习努力学习(2)(2)adj.adj.困难的,艰难的困难的,艰难的=difficult=difficultItsIts hard/difficulthard/difficult for sb for sbto doto do sth sth 做某事对某人来说是困难做某事对某人来说是困难的的Its hard for us _(finish)the work withoutothers help.【拓展】【拓展】hardlyhardlyadvadv“几乎
18、不,从来不”几乎不,从来不”,表否定意义,常与,表否定意义,常与can,any,evercan,any,ever 连用。连用。I can hardly believe it.()Its raining _.People can _ go out.A.hard;hardlyB.hardly;hardC.hard;hardD.hardly;hardly【注】【注】形容雨雪下的大用形容雨雪下的大用 hard/heavyhard/heavy辨析:hardly 与 hardhardly几乎不,一般位于动词之前。hard努力,位于动词之后。eg:He hardly works.他几乎不工作。He work
19、s hard.他工作努力。5.use the Internet用互联网第 7 页use sth.to do sth.用某物做某事 eg:I use a knife to cut bread.我用刀切面包。短语:on the Internet在网上,surf the Internet网上冲浪,上网5.Whats your favorite program?5.Whats your favorite program?你最喜欢的节目是什么?你最喜欢的节目是什么?句型:Whats your favorite.?=What.do you like best?你最喜欢的.是什么?1.Whats your
20、favorite animal?你最喜欢的动物是什么?=_6.Are you free next week6.Are you free next week?你下周有空吗?你下周有空吗?free 意为“空闲的,有空的”,反义词 busy。be free 意为“闲着,有空”eg::He is free now.他现在有空。拓展:free 还可译为“免费的”Eg:The tickets are free.票是免费的7.twice a week7.twice a week 一周两次一周两次【解析】英语中,once 表示“一次”,twice 表示“两次”,从“三次”起用“基数词times”表示次数。th
21、ree times 三次,fivetimes 五次。8.Hmm.next week is quite full for me8.Hmm.next week is quite full for me,Jack.Jack.呣下周我很呣下周我很忙,杰克。忙,杰克。【解析】full adj.忙的;满的;充满的第 8 页常用短语为 be full of.,意为“充满”;反义词是 empty,意为“空的”。Eg.The bus is full of people.公共汽车里挤满了人。full adj.吃饱的;过饱的,其反义词是 hungry,意为“饥饿的”。Eg.Are you hungry or ful
22、l?你饿了还是饱了?She sometimes goes shopping.她有时去购物。(P11.GrammarFocus)【解析】sometimes 为频度副词,意为“有时候”,多用于一般现在时或一般过去时中。辨析:sometimes,sometime,some time 与 some timesSometimes 意为“有时”,可放于句首或句中。(How often提问)Sometime 表示在某个时间段内的某个时候,既可以表示过去某个时间也可以表示将来的某个时间。(When 提问)Some time 名词性短语,意为“一些时间”,time 是不可数名词,意为“时间”。(How long
23、 提问)Some times表示“几次”,time 是可数名词,表示“次;次数”。(How many times 提问)Eg.Even friends sometimes disagree.即使是朋友,有时也会意见不合。I hope to see you again sometime next year.我希望明年的某个时候能再见到你。第 9 页Please give me some time to red this passage.请给我一些时间看这篇文章。I have been to Beijing some times before.我以前去过北京几次。9.9.How come?How
24、come?怎么会?怎么会?怎么回事?怎么回事?HowHow come?come?是固定表达,意为“怎么回事?是固定表达,意为“怎么回事?/怎么会?”怎么会?”表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,相当于疑问句 why,但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party?=Why didntTom come to the party?10.I have dance and piano lessons.10.I have dance and piano lessons.我要上舞蹈课与英语课。我
25、要上舞蹈课与英语课。have 在此意为“上课”。Eg:Theyre having an English lesson.他们正在上英语课。扩展:have lessons 上课,Lesson One第一课11.Well11.Well,how about Tuesdayhow about Tuesday?哦,那周二呢?哦,那周二呢?How about.?(=What about.?)意为“怎么样?”,用来征求对方的意见。Eg:How about this book?这本书怎样?How/What about doing sth.?做怎么样?Eg:-What will we do on Sunday?星
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