英语介词知识点大全_1.pdf
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1、-英语介词知识点大全 介词的英语全称为preposition是由前缀 pre-在前部+position位置构成的,所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语、名词性从句等。一.介词的分类 分类 特点 例词 简单介词 即一个介词 about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on 等等。合成介词 由两个介词构成的合成词
2、 into,onto,throughout,upon,within 短语介词 由短语构成 according to,because of,instead of,up to,due to,owing to,thanks to 等等。双重介词 由两个介词搭配而成 from among,from behind,from under,till after,in between 等等。分词介词 由现在分词转化而来 considering(就而论),including,regarding,concerning 等。兼类介词 由形容词直接转化而来 like,unlike,near,ne*t,opposite
3、 等等。二.介词短语的语法功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能 例 句 -作定语 They didnt find the solution to the problem.作状语 We have breakfast at seven.表时间 They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.表原因 What do you mean by doing such a thing表方法 Nothing in the
4、world could live without air or water.表条件 作表语 When I paid a visit to you yesterday,you were not at home.作宾语补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition.三.表示一样或相似概念的介词短语的区别 表示的概念 介词短语 区 别 例 子 时间 in on at at 在一个时间点上;in 在一段时间之;on 在具体*一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。at 8 oclock,at noon in the 1990s,in January on Mond
5、ay,on a warm morning since from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from 指从时间的*一点开场。We have not seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning e*ercises from today.in,after in 指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,也可以指一段时间之=within;after 表示*一具体时间点之后,Well be back in three days.After seven the rain began to fall.-用于一般过去时。in the end
6、 at the end of by the end of in the end 作最后、终于解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词 of;at the end of 表示在末梢,到尽头,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作在完毕时,到末为止解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this
7、 week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.位置 between among 一般说来,between 表示两者之间;among 用于三者或三者以上之间。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差异时,要用 between。Agreements were made bet
8、ween the different countries.The little valley lies between high mountains.They dont know the difference between wheat,rice and coin.in on to in 表示在*围;on 指与什么毗邻;to 指在*围之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.on in on 只表示在*物的外表上,而用 in
9、表示占去*物一局部。There is a book on the piece of paper.There is an interesting article in the newspaper.He dug a hole in the wall.in into in 通常表示位置静态;into 表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked into the park.through across through 表示从部通过,与 in 有关;across 则表示从一端至另一端在外表上的通过,与 on 有关。Water flows through
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