2019年高三二轮复习--完形填空的解题技巧及训练+非谓语动词的复习(3).pdf

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1、20192019 年高三二轮复习年高三二轮复习-完形填空的解题技巧及训练完形填空的解题技巧及训练+非谓语动非谓语动词的复习（词的复习（3 3）一一.课程介绍课程介绍知识点知识点 1.归纳讲解完形填空的解题技巧（3）-说明文2.重点语法:非谓语动词的复习（3）-非谓语动词作状语教学重点教学重点 1.掌握并运用好记叙文体完形填空的解题技巧2.准确辨析及正确使用非谓语动词作状语的用法教学难点教学难点完形填空中高频词语的掌握二二.要点回顾要点回顾I.I.填空填空1.The park was full of people _(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.2.Toad

2、y there are more airplanes _(carry)more people than ever before in the skies.3.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_(return)to our shop for qualityproblems.4.Volunteering gives you a chance_(change)lives,including your own.5.Annie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days

3、 by a nurse _(appoint)to guard her.【答案】【答案】1.enjoying【解析】【解析】现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，主动含义【答案】【答案】2.carrying【解析】【解析】现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，主动含义【答案】【答案】3.returned【解析】【解析】过去分词作定语，表示被动【答案】【答案】4.to change【解析】【解析】不定式作定语，强调将来的动作【答案】【答案】5.appointed【解析】【解析】过去分词作定语，表示动作被动含义II.II.完形填空完形填空（2015 四川卷）My previous home had a st

4、and of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.Thatfirst year,I_11_ feeding peanuts to the blue jays,then the squirrels.The squirrels hadno_12_coming up right to me for them.As the months went by,the rabbits saw that I was no_13_ and didnt escape.When I threw carrot slices(薄片)，they even cam

5、e for anibble(啃).Slowly they came to_14_me,and by the end of the year they were eating out of myhand.That second year,the rabbits_15_me,and one would even sit up for slices!While I wasfeedingthem,I_16_thatagroundhogwhousedtorunawaywasnowtalkingan_17_interest in this food situation.I carefully extend

6、ed a long_17_,with a keen eye onthose teeth,and _,there were timesI would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit,bothmunching(津津有味的咀嚼)On carrots.A few months later,while _20_,she would even turnher back to me._21_When she was facing away,I reached out and _22_scratched（搔）her back with my finger

7、,SheDidnt move.By year three,the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The ground hog _23_didnt havea problem with me scratching her back,and I got an idea,Id always_24_,while slicing upcarrots,that the end looked like a cap._25_one day,just to see what she would do,I gently_26_ one on top of the grou

8、ndhogs head.Again,not a _27_,The next time,I had mycamera ready to record what you see here,one of several dozen such pictures,_28_she had aslice to eat,she never _29_ the one of her head.It was a fair _30_I got a pleasure,andshe had yet another tasty treat.11.A.avoided B.startedC.canceled12.A.busin

9、ess B.funD.suggestedC.problemD.privilegeD.exceptionD.appreciateD.rememberedD.understood13.A.help B.cheatC.threat14.A.trust B.missC.admire15.A.fearedB.ignoredC.discovered16.A.proved B.decidedC.noticed17.A.extreme B.increasing C.additionalD.inspiring18.A.squirrelB.rabbitC.peanutD.carrot19.A.before lon

10、gB.long ago C.over and over20.A.eatingB.playing C.sitting21.A.NextB.Once C.Soon22.A.carefullyB.suddenlyC.violently23.A.alsoB.thus C.just24.A.thoughtB.doubtedC.admitted25.A.WhileB.Or C.So26.A.fixedB.placed27.A.trembleB.move28.A.Even ifB.Ever sinceD.all over againD.sleepingD.LatelyD.patientlyD.stillD.

11、recognizedD.ForC.hungD.keptC.delayD.hesitationC.As far asD.So long as29.A.welcomedB.requiredC.botheredD.expected30.A.tradeB.competitionC.task D.affair【答案】【答案】11-15 BCCAD11-15 BCCAD16-2016-20CBDAACBDAA21-2521-25BADACBADAC26-30 BBDCA26-30 BBDCA三三.知识精要知识精要1.1.说明文类型的完形填空的解题思路说明文类型的完形填空的解题思路在说明文型完形填空中，作者

12、一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象，如某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动，然后按照时间、空间、事情发展顺序，运用列举、对比、演绎、归纳等方式进行介绍和说明。说明文型完形填空常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明。文章还可以用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一个产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。对于这一类型的完形填空，对考生而言最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的中心。说明文所呈现的方式往往比较单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点，这类文章的每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面。因此，考生要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意。

13、在文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。2.2.语法语法非谓语动词（非谓语动词（3 3）-非谓语动词作状语的辨析非谓语动词作状语的辨析考点聚焦考点聚焦1.不定式：一般做目的状语（翻译为“为了。”）和结果状语（一般放在逗号后，与 only连用，强调出乎意料的结果）(注注)：in order to 和 so as to 也可译为“为了。，以便。”但in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。Eg.To complete the task on time,workers had to work overtime.I hurried to the

14、airport,only to be told the plane had taken off.2.分词：可做时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、让步状语、伴随状语或结果状语（分词做结果状语时，一般强调自然而然产生的结果）Eg.Walking on the street yesterday,I heard my name called.(时间状语）Seen from the top of the mountain,the village seems more beautiful.（条件状语/时间状语）（注）分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语，所以要根据句子的主语来判断主动或被动关系。The te

15、acher came into the classroom,carrying a large box.(伴随状语）It has been raining for a week,causing a lot of damage.（结果状语，强调自然而然产生的结果）四四.要点讲练要点讲练【要点【要点 1 1】说明文的完形填空：】说明文的完形填空：【例题例题 1 1】（2015 广东卷）How long can human beings live?Most scientists who study old age think that the humanbody is _1_ to live no l

16、onger than 120 years.However,110 years is probably the longest thatanyone could hope to live if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky.Some scientists evensay we can live as long as 130 years!Yet,our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_.They wear out,and as a result,we get old and _4_ die.Even

17、though we cant live forever,we are living a _5_ life than ever before.In 1900,theaverage American life span(寿命)was only 47 years,but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then?Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middleage and old age.After all,many older people dont begin to

18、 experience physical and mental_7_ until after age 75.People are living longer because more people _8_ childhood.Before modern medicinechanged the laws of nature,many children died of common childhood _9_.Now that thechances of dying _10_ are much lower,the chances of living long are much higher due

19、 tobetter diets and health care.On the whole,our population is getting older.The _11_ in our population will havelasting effects on our social development and our way of life.Some people fear such changes willbe for the worse,while some see _ 12_,not disaster,many men and women in their“goldenyears”

20、are healthy,still active,and young in _13_ if not in age.As the society grows old,we need the _14_ of our older citizens.With long lives aheadof them,they need to _15_ active and devoted.1.A.designed3.A.rapidly5.A.busier6.A.finishing7.A.stress8.A.survive9.A.problems10.A.poor11.A.changes12.A.dreams13

21、.A.mind15.A.sound答案与解析：1.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。根据动词短语的固定搭配可以知道，这里表示设定。2.【答案】D【解析】考查副词。根据110 years is the longest that的意思，即一个必须非常健康才可能达到。3.【答案】C【解析】考查副词。根据第一段所述的最长寿命可知，人的细胞不可能无穷无尽的再生可以得知答案。B.selectedB.generallyB.harmlesslyB.hopelesslyB.longerB.guidingB.enjoyB.fearsB.youngC.improvedC.apparentlyC.endlesslyC.

22、richerC.waitingC.declineC.worriesC.sickC.safetyC.voiceC.turnD.discoveredD.extremelyD.separatelyD.happierD.dividingD.failureD.valueD.diseasesD.quietD.increasesD.choicesD.movementD.stay2.A.completely4.A.eventuallyC.automaticallyD.desperatelyB.damageC.rememberB.recoveryB.chancesB.appearanceB.suggestion

23、sB.appearC.strengths14.A.protectionC.contributionsD.permission4.【答案】A【解析】考查副词。第一段最后一句，they wear out,and as a result,we get old 的意思可知，人最终是会死亡的。5.【答案】A【解析】考查比较级的用法。was only 47 years,but today it is 75 years.所以答案是 longer。6.【答案】B【解析】考查对上下文的理解。between middle age and old age 可以知道这里是说两者的切分点，其他选项不符合语境。7.【答案

24、】C【解析】考查名词。根据第三段最后一句，many older people dont begin toexperience physicaland mentaluntil after age 75可知答案。8.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。根据第四段第一句可知答案。9.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。根据前面内容可知，此处指孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。10.【答案】B【解析】考查对上下文的理解。根据第四段段第一句和第二句话可知，这里指的是儿童的早逝。11.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。根据第五段第一句话同时联系第三句可知，人口结构发生了变化。12.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。根据对上下文

25、的理解，第五段段第一句和第二句话可知，这里指的是人口结构变化带来的机遇。13.【答案】A【解析】考查对上下文的理解。根据前四段可知，这里指的人口年龄和心态。14.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。文章最后一段可知，还有最后一个单词可知答案。15.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。根据语意，老年人需要保持活跃和有贡献可知答案。【例题例题 2 2】（2017 年安徽淮南高三第二次模拟）Using public toilets in China can often be a challenging undertaking,particularly for thosenot practiced in th

26、e art of sitting deep.41 researchers in China have come up with a new 42 thatthey say can help 43 a poisonous problem bothering Chinas public toilets:the overpowering odor(恶臭）.Unlike chemical solutions,44 are expensive and can 45.the environment,the newbiotreatment is being thought as a cost-effecti

27、ve way of protecting the environment to 46 75percent of the bad smell in bathrooms,according to researchers from the Chinese Academy ofSciences.The 47 behind the treatment lies in a special 48 of two types of bacteria lactobacillius sp(乳杆菌类细菌)and streptococcus thermopiles(嗜热链球菌）一 as well as the elem

28、ents oforanges.The prepared mixture,which comes in liquid or powder form,feeds on human wastewhen applied,thus 49 the growth of odor-making bacteria.However,not yet available in 50 theodor-killing technology is still undergoing 51 Many experiments with the solution are being 52 inthe Huanglong Natur

29、e Preserve and Jiuzhaigou National Park.We can see the technology is especially suited for use in the nonflushing(非冲水）toiletsoften found in these types of nature preserves,since water regulations in these areas are often very53 一 and pipes are difficult to 54.Portable bathrooms,while 55，are relative

30、ly expensive tomaintain compared with the biosolution.“This way 56 can see that not only are your 57 nice,but the toilets and the other facilitiesat the site are pleasant as well and the technology has other 58 as well,such as the treatment ofrubbish.”said the administrator of Jiuzhaigou National Pa

31、rk.If 59 to its effectiveness prove true,the technology is likely to be 60 by the Chinese healthauthorities.41.A.BecauseB.IfC.ButD.While42.A.technologyB.wayC.machineD.psychology43.A.confirmB.analyzeC.find outD.deal with44.A.whichB.theyC.thatD.those45.A.benefitB.protectC.harmD.influence46.A.lead toB.

32、take inC.keep outD.make use of47.A.identityB.scienceC.instructionD.procedure48.A.seedB.poisonC.mixtureD.discovery49.A.preventingB.keepingC.causingD.forbidding50.A.gardensB.forestsC.homesD.supermarkets51.A.discussingB.usingC.testingD.analyzing52.A.plannedB.simplifiedC.classifiedD.debated53.A.strictB.

33、harmoniousC.draftedD.canceled54.A.polishB.twistC.makeD.fix55.A.optionalB.cleanC.superbD.convenient56.A.lawyersB.touristsC.burglarsD.merchants57 A.goodsB.animalsC.mountainsD.guides58.A.phenomenaB.disadvantagesC.applicationsD.characteristics59.A.resultsB.guessesC.doubtsD.claims60.A.acceptedB.refusedC.

34、abandonedD.banned答案与解析：答案与解析：41.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】考查逻辑关系中的转折关系。42.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】根据第三段中“the odor-killing technology”，与 the technology isespecially suited for”提示。43.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】根据句意推断为“新技术有助于解决或处理一个严重的问题。”44.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】非限制性定语从句。45.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】根据句型结构和“chemical solutions”说明化学方法有害环境。46.【答案【答案】B【解析解析】新

35、技术能够分解或吸收厕所中75%的臭气。47.【答案【答案】B【解析解析】这种处理方式背后的科学在于一张混合物质。48.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】根据下文提示，“The prepared mixture”。49.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】根据下文推理，抑制产生臭气的细菌生长。50.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】只有“supermarkets”是公共场所，才有公共厕所。51.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】这种技术正在被测试，因此不能应用到公共厕所。52.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】根据上题推断，有关测试正在风景区计划当中。53.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】“由于风景区的用水规定相当严格，水管等安装

36、系统也很难安装。”54.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】见 53 题详解。55.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】与生物处理办法相比，便携厕所虽然方便但保养费用相对昂贵。56.【答案【答案】B【解析解析】“通过这个办法，游客会发现，不仅你这里的山美，景区的厕所和其他设施也很好”。57.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】见 56 题。58.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】“该技术还有其他用途，比如应用于垃圾处理”。59.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】根据上文推理，“如果事实证明，关于其有效性的说法是真的，该技术可能会被中国卫生机构全面采纳。”60.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】见 59 题。【例题例题 3 3】（201

37、5 河南开封二模）It can be hard to decide which food to buy in an American grocery store these days.Theinformation on many products makes 51 claims.The label“organic(有机的)”52 that theUnited States Department of Agriculture recognized the product was grown under specialconditions.If the food is grown 53,it sh

38、ows the words“USDA organic”on it.This is anofficial label.The food is grown without chemical treatment against insects or54 .It is grown withoutchemical fertilizers.Before a product can be labeled“organic,”a(n)55 will visit the farm wherethe food is produced to make sure the farm 56USDA standards.Or

39、ganic meat,poultry,eggs anddairy products come from 57that are given no antibiotics(抗生素),must be fed organic foodand have 58 to the outdoors.No conclusive 59 shows that organic food is more nutritious than traditionally grown food.And the USDAeven if it proves organic fooddoesnt60claim that these pr

40、oducts aresafer or more nutritious.Organic foods meet the same 61 and safety standards as traditional foods.The difference 62 how the food is produced,processed and handled.Some people buy organicfood for 63 reasons.Organic food is produced by 64who emphasize the use of renewableresources.The prices

41、 between most organic food and 65 food vary.Higher prices are due to moreexpensive farming66.A lot of work must be done every day.The new USDAs national organic programme for labelingis67at enabling consumersto make a(n)68 choice among the foods they purchase and also include the safeguardagainst 69

42、.People who sell or label a product“organic”when they know it does not meet USDAstandards can be 70 up to$11,000.51.A.unbelievableB.falseC.different52.A.predictsB.provesC.proposes53.A.on the contrary B.in any case C.in turn54.A.diseasesB.operations C.activities55.A.protectorB.reminderC.inspector56.A

43、.presentsB.opposes C.protects57.A.plantsB.villages C.animals58.A.solutionB.accessC.entrance59.A.agreementB.conceptC.expectation60.A.publiclyB.soonC.secretly61.A.shapeB.fashionC.quality62.A.lies inB.consists of C.knows about63.A.financialB.socialC.cultural64.A.sellersB.farmersC.drivers65.A.freshB.del

44、iciousC.traditional D.new66.A.practicesB.toolsC.chemicals67.A.surprisedB.laughedC.aimed68.A.activeB.potentialC.wrong69 A.limitationB.misrepresentationC.reservation70.A.awardedB.givenC.fined答案与解析：答案与解析：51.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】由前文的 It can be hard to decide可知选 C。D.flexibleD.doubtsD.in this wayD.volunteerD.mee

45、tsD.directionD.evidenceD.sizeD.puzzles aboutD.environmentalD.buyersD.machinesD.delightedD.sensibleD.reactionD.spared D.services D.farms D.anxiously52.【答案【答案】B【解析解析】由前文的 claims 可知选 B。53.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】由前文的 grown under special conditions可知选 D。54.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】由 insects 可知选 A。55.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】此处指美国农业部门的

46、检查员检查后才会给予有机食物标签。56.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】由空后的 USDA standards可知选 D。57.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】由前文的 Organic meat,poultry,eggs and dairy products可知选 C。58.【答案【答案】B【解析解析】根据空后的 the outdoors 可知选 B。59.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】根据空后面的内容可知选D。60.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】根据前后句意选A。61.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】由下文的 safety standards 可知选 C。62.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】根据句意，不同之处

47、在于食物是怎样被产生，加工和处理的。故选A。63.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】由下文的 the use of renewable resources可知选 D。64.【答案【答案】B【解析解析】根据句意有机食物由重视使用可再生资源的农民产生，故选B。65.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】此处是指有机食物和传统食物的价格不用，故选C。66.【答案【答案】A【解析解析】farming practices 引申为农业劳动。67.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】be aimed at doing 固定结构，以。为目标。68.【答案【答案】D【解析解析】make a sensible choice做出理性选择。

48、69.【答案【答案】B【解析解析】根据下文的描述可知选B。70.【答案【答案】C【解析解析】根据空后的 up to$11,000 可知选 C。【例题例题 4 4】（2015 重庆卷）Imagine the first days in a new time zone.Slow to respond to the 1 ,your body clock is confused.Youre sleepy all day,but whenits time for bed,you can hardly fall asleep.Obviously you are 2 jet lag（时差反应）.Travel

49、ers have traditionally fought this 3 with sleeping pills or alcohol.There are actually healthier ways that can work just as4.For example,the moment you get on the airplane,start 5 your biological block to thedestinations time.If its daytime in your destination,try to stay 6 .Walking around the cabin

50、（客舱）can be of help.When its nighttime,try to sleep.In that case,eat before theflight,7 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.These tips will help you start anew 8 of sleep and wakefulness.1.A.flightB.changeC.demandD.climate2.A.suffering from B.working onC.looking intoD.leading to3.A.danger