THE-FAIR-DEBT-COLLECTION-PRACTICES-ACT(美国公平催收法案).pdf

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1、精品文档THE FAIR DEBT COLLECTION PRACTICES ACTTHE FAIR DEBT COLLECTION PRACTICES ACT公平债务催收法案公平债务催收法案As amended by Public Law 104-208,110 Stat.3009(Sept.30,1996)As amended by Public Law 104-208,110 Stat.3009(Sept.30,1996)To amend the Consumer Credit Protection Act to prohibit abusivepractices by debt col

2、lectors.为了规制债务催收人滥用催收行为而修订消费者信贷保护法案。Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the UnitedStates of America in Congress assembled,That the Consumer CreditProtection Act(15 U.S.C.1601 et seq.)is amended by adding at the endthereof the following new title:TITLE VIII-DEBT COLLECTION PRA

3、CTICESFair Debt CollectionPractices ActSec.801.Short Title802.Congressional findings and declaration of purpose803.Definitions804.Acquisition of location information805.Communication in connection with debt collection806.Harassment or abuse可编辑精品文档807.False or misleading representations808.Unfair pra

4、ctice809.Validation of debts810.Multiple debts811.Legal actions by debt collectors812.Furnishing certain deceptive forms813.Civil liability814.Administrative enforcement815.Reports to Congress by the Commission816.Relation to State laws817.Exemption for State regulation818.Effective date 801 801.Sho

5、rt TitleShort Title15 USC 1601 note15 USC 1601 noteThis title may be cited as the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.802.802.Congressional findings and declarations of purposeCongressional findings and declarations of purpose15 USC15 USC16921692(a)There is abundant evidence of the use of abusive,dec

6、eptive,andunfair debt collection practices by many debt collectors.Abusive debtcollection practices contribute to the number of personal bankruptcies,可编辑精品文档to marital instability,to the loss of jobs,and to invasions of individualprivacy.1.有充足的证据表明，许多债务催收者通过滥用催收手段、欺骗、不公平的催收手段等方式来进行催收工作。滥用催收手段导致了大量的个

7、人破产、婚姻关系破裂、失业和对个人隐私的侵犯等不良后果的产生。(b)Existing laws and procedures for redressing these injuries areinadequate to protect consumers.2.现行的相关法律法规对消费者的保护力度不够。(c)Means other than misrepresentation or other abusive debt collectionpractices are available for the effective collection of debts.3.应当使用除了欺骗和其他滥用的催

8、收手段来进行有效的债务催收。(d)Abusive debt collection practices are carried on to a substantialextent in interstate commerce and through means and instrumentalitiesof such commerce.在洲际贸易和通过此种方法和手段进行商业交易的活动中，滥用催收手段的行为还继续大范围的存在着。Even where abusive debt collection practices are purely intrastate incharacter,they ne

9、vertheless directly affect interstate commerce.可编辑精品文档(e)It is the purpose of this title to eliminate abusive debt collectionpractices by debt collectors,to insure that those debt collectors whorefrain from using abusive debt collection practices are not competitivelydisadvantaged,and to promote con

10、sistent State action to protectconsumers against debt collection abuses.为了禁止债务催收者滥用催收手段，保证那些采取正当手段进行催收的催收机构在市场竞争中不至于处于不利地位；为了促进州政府在保护消费者免受债务催收者滥用催收手段的侵害的法案的统一，特制订此法案。803 803.Definitions 15 USC 1692aDefinitions 15 USC 1692aAs used in this title-(1)The term Commission means the Federal Trade Commissio

11、n.(2)The term communication means the conveying of informationregarding a debt directly or indirectly to any person through anymedium.(3)The term consumer means any natural person obligated orallegedly obligated to pay any debt.(4)The term creditor means any person who offers or extends creditcreati

12、ng a debt or to whom a debt is owed,but such term does not可编辑精品文档include any person to the extent that he receives an assignment ortransfer of a debt in default solely for the purpose of facilitatingcollection of such debt for another.(5)The term debt means any obligation or alleged obligation of ac

13、onsumer to pay money arising out of a transaction in which the money,property,insurance or services which are the subject of the transactionare primarily for personal,family,or household purposes,whether or notsuch obligation has been reduced to judgment.(6)The term debt collector means any person w

14、ho uses anyinstrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any business theprincipal purpose of which is the collection of any debts,or whoregularly collects or attempts to collect,directly or indirectly,debts owedor due or asserted to be owed or due another.Notwithstanding theexclusion provi

15、ded by clause(F)of the last sentence of this paragraph,the term includes any creditor who,in the process of collecting his owndebts,uses any name other than his own which would indicate that athird person is collecting or attempting to collect such debts.For thepurpose of section 808(6),such term al

16、so includes any person who usesany instrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any businessthe principal purpose of which is the enforcement of security interests.The term does not include-可编辑精品文档(A)any officer or employee of a creditor while,in the name of thecreditor,collecting debts fo

17、r such creditor;(B)any person while acting as a debt collector for another person,bothof whom are related by common ownership or affiliated by corporatecontrol,if the person acting as a debt collector does so only for personsto whom it is so related or affiliated and if the principal business of suc

18、hperson is not the collection of debts;(C)any officer or employee of the United States or any State to theextent that collecting or attempting to collect any debt is in theperformance of his official duties;(D)any person while serving or attempting to serve legal process on anyother person in connec

19、tion with the judicial enforcement of any debt;(E)any nonprofit organization which,at the request of consumers,performs bona fide consumer credit counseling and assists consumers inthe liquidation of their debts by receiving payments from suchconsumers and distributing such amounts to creditors;and(

20、F)any person collecting or attempting to collect any debt owed or dueor asserted to be owed or due another to the extent such activity(i)isincidental to a bona fide fiduciary obligation or a bona fide escrowarrangement;(ii)concerns a debt which was originated by such person;可编辑精品文档(iii)concerns a de

21、bt which was not in default at the time it was obtainedby such person;or(iv)concerns a debt obtained by such person as asecured party in a commercial credit transaction involving the creditor.(7)The term location information means a consumers place of abodeand his telephone number at such place,or h

22、is place of employment.(8)The term State means any State,territory,or possession of theUnited States,the District of Columbia,the Commonwealth of PuertoRico,or any political subdivision of any of the foregoing.804 804.Acquisition of location informationAcquisition of location information15 USC 1692b

23、15 USC 1692b获取债务人的位置信息获取债务人的位置信息Any debt collector communicating with any person other than theconsumer for the purpose of acquiring location information about theconsumer shall 任何债务催收者出于获取消费者的位置信息的目的，在和除了消费者本人的任何人联系时，应当：(1)identify himself,state that he is confirming or correcting locationinformati

24、on concerning the consumer,and,only if expressly requested,identify his employer;可编辑精品文档1.表明自己的身份，声明自己在确认或者是在更正相关消费者的位置信息，如果有明确的要求，还须披露自己的雇主信息。(2)not state that such consumer owes any debt;2.不能透漏相关消费者欠债的信息。(3)not communicate with any such person more than once unlessrequested to do so by such person

25、 or unless the debt collectorreasonably believes that the earlier response of such person is erroneousor incomplete and that such person now has correct or completelocation information;3.不能和上述的人员联系超过一次，除非上述人员请求或者债务催收者有合理的理由相信上述人员之前的回复是错误的或者是不完整的，所以需要改正或者补充完整上述信息。(4)not communicate by post card;2.不能通

26、过明信片来进行联系。(5)not use any language or symbol on any envelope or in the contents ofany communication effected by the mails or telegram that indicates thatthe debt collector is in the debt collection business or that thecommunication relates to the collection of a debt;and可编辑精品文档5.不能在信封上或者内容中使用任何表明债务催收

27、者在从事债务催收的工作或者其他和催收债务有关的语言或象征符号；(6)after the debt collector knows the consumer is represented by anattorney with regard to the subject debt and has knowledge of,or canreadily ascertain,such attorneys name and address,not communicatewith any person other than that attorney,unless the attorney fails to

28、respond within a reasonable period of time to the communication fromthe debt collector.6.在债务催收员知道消费者委托了律师，并且知道或者能够知道律师的姓名和地址的情况下，其不能再和除该律师以外的人联系，除非该律师未能在合理时间内回复债务催收员。805 805.Communication in connection with debt collectionCommunication in connection with debt collection15 USC15 USC1692c1692c(a)COMMU

29、NICATION WITH THE CONSUMER GENERALLY.Without theprior consent of the consumer given directly to the debt collector or theexpress permission of a court of competent jurisdiction,a debt collectormay not communicate with a consumer in connection with the collectionof any debt 1.没有消费者事先的同意或者明确的认可法院的管辖权，

30、债务催收员不能和消费者进行任何相关债务催收的联系-可编辑精品文档(1)at any unusual time or place or a time or place known or which shouldbe known to be inconvenient to the consumer.In the absence ofknowledge of circumstances to the contrary,a debt collector shallassume that the convenient time for communicating with a consumer isaf

31、ter 8 oclock antimeridian and before 9 oclock postmeridian,local timeat the consumers location;1.在任何不同寻常的时间或地点，在债务催收人员知道或者应当知道的消费者在那么一段时间或处在那个一个地点是不方便的，债务催收员可以假定依照消费者当地时间消费者在早上 8 点到下午 9 点联系是方便的。(2)if the debt collector knows the consumer is represented by anattorney with respect to such debt and has

32、 knowledge of,or can readilyascertain,such attorneys name and address,unless the attorney fails torespond within a reasonable period of time to a communication from thedebt collector or unless the attorney consents to direct communicationwith the consumer;or在债务催收员知道消费者委托了律师，并且知道或者能够知道律师的姓名和地址的情况下，其不

33、能再和除该律师以外的人联系，除非该律师未能在合理时间内回复债务催收员或者律师同意直接和消费者联系；或者可编辑精品文档(3)at the consumers place of employment if the debt collector knows orhas reason to know that the consumers employer prohibits theconsumer from receiving such communication.3.债务催收员知道或者有理由知道消费者的雇主禁止在消费者工作的场所收到债务催收的信息。(b)COMMUNICATION WITH THIR

34、D PARTIES.Except as provided insection 804,without the prior consent of the consumer given directly tothe debt collector,or the express permission of a court of competentjurisdiction,or as reasonably necessary to effectuate a postudgmentjudicial remedy,a debt collector may not communicate,in connect

35、ionwith the collection of any debt,with any person other than a consumer,his attorney,a consumer reporting agency if otherwise permitted by law,the creditor,the attorney of the creditor,or the attorney of the debtcollector.b.和第三方联系。除了 804 条的规定，没有消费者事先的同意或者明确的认可法院的管辖权，债务催收员不能和消费者进行任何相关债务催收的联系-(c)CEAS

36、ING COMMUNICATION.If a consumer notifies a debt collectorin writing that the consumer refuses to pay a debt or that the consumerwishes the debt collector to cease further communication with the可编辑精品文档consumer,the debt collector shall not communicate further with theconsumer with respect to such debt

37、,except 中止联系。如果一个消费者书面通知债务催收员他她将绝支付账款，或者消费者希望债务催收员中止进一步与其联系，债务催收员应该停止出于催收相关债务的目的和消费者进一步联系。除非(1)to advise the consumer that the debt collectors further efforts arebeing terminated;1.通知消费者债务催收员的进一步措施正在被终止；(2)to notify the consumer that the debt collector or creditor may invokespecified remedies which

38、are ordinarily invoked by such debt collector orcreditor;or2.通知消费者债务催收员或者债权人可能采取他们一般情况下会采取的特殊的救济方式；或者(3)where applicable,to notify the consumer that the debt collector orcreditor intends to invoke a specified remedy.If such notice from the consumer is made by mail,notification shall becomplete upon

39、receipt.可编辑精品文档3.在适当的情况下，通知消费者债务催收员或者债权人打算采取特殊的救济方式。如果这样的通知是消费者通过邮件发的，(d)For the purpose of this section,the term consumer includes theconsumers spouse,parent(if the consumer is a minor),guardian,executor,or administrator.本章所称的“消费者”包括消费者的配偶，父母（如果消费者是未成年人），法定监护人，执行人，或者管理人。806 806.Harassment or abuseH

40、arassment or abuse15 USC 1692d15 USC 1692dA debt collector may not engage in any conduct the naturalconsequence of which is to harass,oppress,or abuse any person inconnection with the collection of a debt.Without limiting the generalapplication of the foregoing,the following conduct is a violation o

41、f thissection:债务催收员不能采取骚扰、施压、或其它过度行为去催收账款。不限于上述的几种行为，下列的行为也是对该款的违反：(1)The use or threat of use of violence or other criminal means to harmthe physical person,reputation,or property of any person.可编辑精品文档1.使用威胁或者暴力或者其它的犯罪方式去侵犯人身、名声、或者任何人的财产(2)The use of obscene or profane language or language the natu

42、ralconsequence of which is to abuse the hearer or reader.2.使用污言秽语进行攻击。(3)The publication of a list of consumers who allegedly refuse to paydebts,except to a consumer reporting agency or to persons meeting therequirements of section 603(f)or 604(3)1 of this Act.公布宣称拒绝付款的消费者名单，除非是向消费者报告机构或者符合本法案603(f)

43、or 604(3)1规定的人公布。(4)The advertisement for sale of any debt to coerce payment of the debt.4.发布买卖债权的广告。(5)Causing a telephone to ring or engaging any person in telephoneconversation repeatedly or continuously with intent to annoy,abuse,orharass any person at the called number.5.持续的打骚扰电话或者进行意图在于骚扰、烦恼债务

44、人的重复致电。(6)Except as provided in section 804,the placement of telephone callswithout meaningful disclosure of the callers identity.可编辑精品文档除了在 804 里规定的之外，807 807.False or misleading representationsFalse or misleading representations15 USC 1692e15 USC 1692eA debt collector may not use any false,decepti

45、ve,or misleadingrepresentation or means in connection with the collection of any debt.Without limiting the general application of the foregoing,the followingconduct is a violation of this section:债务催收不能使用任何欺诈或者误导的陈述来进行催收。不限于上述的情形，以下的方式也是对该款的违反：(1)The false representation or implication that the debt

46、 collector isvouched for,bonded by,or affiliated with the United States or any State,including the use of any badge,uniform,or facsimile thereof.1.虚假陈述或者暗示债务催收员是由政府保证或担保的，包括使用徽章、制服、或传真来证明。(2)The false representation of(A)the character,amount,or legal status of any debt;or针对任何债务的特点、数量或者法律地位；或者(B)any

47、services rendered or compensation which may be lawfullyreceived by any debt collector for the collection of a debt.可编辑精品文档(3)The false representation or implication that any individual is anattorney or that any communication is from an attorney.(4)The representation or implication that nonpayment of

48、 any debt willresult in the arrest or imprisonment of any person or the seizure,garnishment,attachment,or sale of any property or wages of any personunless such action is lawful and the debt collector or creditor intends totake such action.(5)The threat to take any action that cannot legally be take

49、n or that isnot intended to be taken.(6)The false representation or implication that a sale,referral,or othertransfer of any interest in a debt shall cause the consumer to-(A)lose any claim or defense to payment of the debt;or(B)become subject to any practice prohibited by this title.(7)The false re

50、presentation or implication that the consumer committedany crime or other conduct in order to disgrace the consumer.可编辑精品文档(8)Communicating or threatening to communicate to any person creditinformation which is known or which should be known to be false,including the failure to communicate that a di