2021届东莞市大朗中学高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及参考答案.pdf

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1、2021 届东莞市大朗中学高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A You have to praise the smoothness（顺畅）of ants on the move.No matter how many of them are going toward a place,theres never a hold-up.A new research paper shows how ants keep traffic flo

2、wing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions.For their experiments,researchers from the University of Toulouse focused on Argentine ants,animals that often move from colony（群落）to colony depending on where the food is.Making use of Argentine ants talent for fast travel,the researchers

3、built bridges connecting their colonies.The bridges were different in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch.The colonies,too,were of different sizes,ranging from 400 to more than 25,000 ants.Then the researchers sat back andmonitoredthe traffic.To their surprise,even when those narrower br

4、idges were full of ants,there were no traffic accidents.When the number of ants on the bridge increased,ants seemed to be able to understand the situation and adjusted（调整）their speed accordingly to avoid making the traffic flow stop.the authors note.Moreover,ants avoided entering a busy road and mad

5、e sure that the bridge was never too packed to cross.”The lesson for humans?The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole.Driving is fun when there are few cars on the road.Then the traffic moves very slowly.And yet,some impatient driver still ac

6、ts like hes alone on the road.The research suggests that projects,like the ever-widening of highways,may never free us from traffic jams.As long as we drive along with our own habits,no matter how many other people are on the road,well always end up in a traffic jam.Indeed,less space may actually be

7、 a good thing.It leaves less room for individual choice and forces us to take a page from the driving book of ants.1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The results of the experiments.B.The purpose of the experiments C.The preparation of the experiments.D.The requirements of the experiments 2.What do

8、es the underlined word monitor in paragraph 3 probably mean?A.watch and check.B.seek and improve C.design and plan D.discuss and practise 3.What is the best title for the text?A.Is widening highways a solution?B.Why dont ants need traffic lights?C.Can we learn safe driving from ants?D.What can ants

9、teach us about traffic jams?B In Australia,plenty of wild things can bite or sting(刺伤)you.Strangely enough,one of them is a tree.Now scientists have figured out what makes the trees sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide.Many people callit

10、the gympie-gympie treea name given to the tree by native Australians.Its covered with sharp,needle-like hairs that carry poison.If you touch a gympie-gympie tree,you wont forget it anytime soon.The pain can stay with you for hours,days or weeks.In some cases,its been reported to stay for months.Scie

11、ntists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting.Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful.After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees,the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that th

12、e trees produce.This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals,which they call“gympietides”.Sure enough,when the scientists injected mice with gympietides,the mice licked(舔)at the place

13、s where theyd been injected,indicating that they hurt in those places.When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built,they found that they formed a knot-like shape.The shape makes the chemicals very stable,which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietid

14、es was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails.The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons.Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures.Its not clear how stinging

15、helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the trees sting may stop some animals from eating it,it doesnt stop all animals.Beetles and pademelons(small s of the kangaroo)are able to eat the plant without trouble.4.Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A.Because it has so unusual an appearance.B

16、.Because it is extremely rare in existence.C.Because touching it creates a quite strange feeling.D.Because the pain caused by it doesnt go away quickly.5.What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A.How it produces poisons.B.What poisons it produces.C.How it benefits from the sting.

17、D.The consequences of its sting.6.What does the text imply about the stinging tree?A.It produces the same poisons as spiders.B.Poisonous as it is,it also has natural enemies.C.Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D.Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.7.Whats the best title for

18、 the text?A.Scientists Discover Stinging Trees Secret B.Caution:Stinging Tree Can Bite and Poison You C.Scientists Discover a Strange Species in Australia D.Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging Tree C Many Americans experience surprise(or disappointment)when they wake up on Christmas Day.T

19、hey might be surprised or disappointed by a family members actions.They might be happy or unhappy about a Christmas gift.Imagine a child expects to get an Xbox or PlayStation for Christmas.On Christmas morning,they quickly open their gift.Inside is an English grammar book.They might feel disappointe

20、d.The Everyday Grammar team would prefer the new English grammar book.But if you are like most young people,you would probably rather have a new video game.Today,we are going to explore those feelings-feelings of surprise and disappointment.In other words,we are going to explore how speakers show th

21、at reality was better or worse than their expectations.Many languages use words to express expectation.Speakers also use words to express how events are not happening as expected.This idea is known as“counter expectation”.Do not worry about the term.Just remember that it means that speakers use word

22、s to show that reality is countering their expectations.English has many words that serve this purpose.Three of the most common are the words“even”,“still”and“actually”.You will often hear them in informal,everyday speech.Speakers use these words to show disappointment.The pitch of their voice tells

23、 you what they mean.Lets study examples of each word.Speakers often use the word even”to show disappointment or surprise.Imagine a young child that expects a phone call from a family member-perhaps an uncle or grandparent.The phone call never comes.The child might say the following:“Whats wrong with

24、 him?He didnt even call me on Christmas day.”Americans sometimes use“still”for showing how reality does not quite meet their expectations:“Youre still here?Its over!Go home.Go!”Another common word that shows surprise or disappointment is“actually”:“I cant believe it!Uncle Bob actually stole her Chri

25、stmas gift.”8.What might most young Americans prefer as a Christmas gift according to paragraph 1?A.A newly made video game.B.An English grammar book.C.A new designed school bag.D.A unique jacket from their parents.9.What does the underlined phrase“counter expectation”in paragraph 3 mean?A.Expressio

26、n of disappointment.B.Something expected to happen.C.The same with ones expectation.D.A result against what is expected.10.What do the three words“even”,“still”and“actually”have in common?A.They are easy to understand.B.They express disappointment.C.They show delighted feelings.D.They are used most

27、at Christmas.11.Whats the last paragraph mainly about?A.Expectations from loved ones.B.Different uses of the three words.C.Examples of the use of the three words.D.Emotions of disappointment and surprise.D Some of the oldest art in human history is being damaged,scientists say.And climate change may

28、 be speeding up its loss.Newresearch reports that ancient rock art in Indonesian caves is degrading over time,as bits of rock slowly break off from the walls.Its a huge loss for human history.Salt crystals（结晶）building up on the walls are a key part of the problem,the study suggests.These salt crysta

29、ls go into the cave walls,changing sizes as temperatures rise and fall.This process causes the rock to slowly break down.Salt crystals may become larger when exposed to repeated changes between wet conditions and periods of drought.These kinds of changes are expected to become more obvious as the cl

30、imate continues to warm.In particular,the researchers say,climate change may cause more intense El Nino（厄尔尼诺）events in the future.These events can strengthen the kinds of conditions that help salt crystals form Scientists are still debating the exact influence of climate change on El Nino,a natural

31、climate cycle that drives changing patterns of warming and cooling in thePacific Ocean.The new study,led by Jillian Huntley,examined 11 ancient cave art sites in South Sulawesi,Indonesia.The researchers found evidence of salt formation at all 11 sites.Its merely a small part There are more than 300

32、known eave art sites around the region.The researchers note that salt crystals may indeed be part of the problem,adding that climate change is a growing threat,one that deserves more attention.12.What is the main cause of the rocks breaking off from the wall?A.Weather patterns.B.Salt crystals.C.Wet

33、conditions.D.Drought Periods.13.Which of the following may researchers agree with?A.El Nino events prevent salt crystals forming.B.Climate change makes little difference to El Nino.C.Salt crystals may become much larger in wet conditions.D.Constant warm weather may cause salt crystals to change size

34、.14.Which word best describes Huntleys attitude to climate change?A.Worried.B.Curious.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.15.What can we learn from thelast paragraph?A.The formation and patterns of salt crystals.B.The impact of climate change on ancient rock arts.C.The historical value of ancient rock art in cave

35、 sites.D.The threats of human activities to ancient eave art sites.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Now many people are seeing the benefits of eating healthily._16_By replacing“unclean”habits,you can get many benefits of a clean diet for life.Know your eating habi

36、ts._17_The best way to know your eating habits is to keep a food diary for two to four weeks.Write down everything you eat for this time,including snacks or foods you eat in passing.Its a good idea to make a note of how youre feeling each day.List your unclean habits and determine how you can change

37、 them.After two weeks,you should be able to know unclean foods._18_See if there is anything that is causing you to eat unclean foods.Do you go out for happy hours and eat bar food instead of a proper dinner?_19_ Consider making a lifestyle plan that includes clean eating,exercise,and time to rest an

38、d relax.You could create a plan around three solid,clean meals.Your plan should include meals that meet all of your needs to keep your health and well-being.Talk to a doctor about your eating habits.If youre unsure of how to eat more cleanly,consider talking to your doctor or a registered dietician

39、about how to replace processed foods with natural choices._20_If you dont want to turn to a doctor,there are resources on the Internet that can help you develop the best eating plan for yourself.A.Figure out how you can change these habits.B.You need I cup of fruit and 3 cups of vegetables per day.C

40、.They can often help you develop the most reasonable eating plan.D.Make a plan to change your diet so its cleaner and healthier for life.E.You wont be able to eat cleanly unless you have an idea of your way of dining.F.Having a clean diet can help you keep a healthy weight and protect against illnes

41、s.G.Make sure to choose different kinds of vegetables so that you get a lot of nutrients.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Ive been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.I use a small tractor to get about.My dog Don always sits beside me

42、 in the passenger seat.One morningI_21_a lost lamb when I was in the top field,near where a motorway cuts through my land.The lamb had become separated from its_22_,so I jumped out of the tractor to_23_it while Don stayed in his seat.Lamb and mother_24_,I turned back to the tractor only to see it mo

43、ve suddenly away from me.This was so_25_because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out._26_Don had somehow made the_27_move My heart froze in my chest as I_28_the tractor heading towards the_29_.I ran desperately but failed to_30_.It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.The_31_thing

44、I saw was Don s face,looking calmly back at me.Heart in mouth,I_32_the fence and looked over.The tractor was_33_against the crashbarrier in the central reservation(中 央 分 道 带),having crossed the_34_road with fast-flowing traffic by a miracle.I couldnt see Don,but as I_35_the tractor he jumped out ont

45、o the road,apparently_36_,and dashed back to me.The police_37_and the motorway ran normally again.I couldnt quite believe my_38_.It turned out no one got badly hurt,but the outcome could have been_39_.Don was given a special_40_that night I didnt want him to think I was angry with him.21.A.dropped B

46、.carried C.spotted D.returned 22.A.kids B.friends C.owner D.mother 23.A.ask about B.tend to C.play with D.run into 24.A.freed B.switched C.reunited D.examined 25.A.unexpected B.dangerous C.embarrassing D.difficult 26.A.Fortunately B.Obviously C.Immediately D.Generally 27.A.lamb B.fence C.seat D.vehi

47、cle 28.A.saw B.stopped C.remembered D.drove 29.A.crowd B.motorway C.field D.hill 30.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out 31.A.real B.best C.basic D.last 32.A.reached B.noticed C.fixed D.closed 33.A.parking B.running C.resting D.turning 34.A.steep B.long C.rough D.busy 35.A.abandoned B.approac

48、hed C.recognized D.repaired 36.A.unclean B.uncertain C.unhurt D.unhappy 37.A.arrived B.replied C.survived D.waited 38.A.ability B.dream C.luck D.idea 39.A.awful B.guilty C.desirable D.common 40.A.lesson B.test C.job D.meal 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The New York

49、Times published an article recently that shows great regret for the death of conversation.It suggests that_41._technology such as cell phones,e-mails,and Internet posting makes us feel more_42._(connect)than ever,theyre also driving us away from people around us.Users get final connectivity_43._pric

50、e of face-to-face conversation.Lan Guo,19,a freshman English major from Changsha University,said that she would like to hear peoples tone of voice and see their faces in a conversation.She mentions that_44._(lose)ourselves in mobile technology reduces our chance of starting conversations with strang