2021年苏州市常熟市藕渠中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 年苏州市常熟市藕渠中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A If you had the opportunity to live forever,would you take it?Keeping your body alive indefinitely still seems like an impossibility,but some scientists think that digital technology may

2、have the answer:creating a digital copy of your“self”and keeping it“alive”online long after your physical body has ceased to function.In effect,the proposal is to clone a person electronically.Unlike the familiar physical clones children that have identical features as their parents,but that are com

3、pletely separate organisms with a separate life your electronic clone would believe itself to be you.How might this be possible?The first step would be to mapthe brain.How?One plan relies on the development of nanotechnology(纳米技术).Ray Kurzweil one of the kings of artificial intelligence predicts tha

4、t within two or three decades we will have nano transmitters that can be put into the bloodstream.Inthe capillaries(毛细血管)of the brain,they would line up alongside the neurons and detect the details of the cerebral(大脑的)electronic activity.They would be able to send that information to a receiver insi

5、de a special helmet,so there would be no need for any wires sticking out of the head.As a further step,Ray Kurzweil also imagines the nano transmitters being able to connect you to a world of virtual reality on the Internet,similar to what was shown in the film“Matrix”.With the nano transmitters in

6、place,by thought alone,you could log on to the Internet and instead of the pictures coming up on your screen,they would play inside your mind.Rather than send your friends e-mails you would agree to meet up on some virtual tropical beach.Some peoplebelieve that they can enjoy life after death.But wh

7、y wait for that when you could have a shot of nanobots(纳米机器人)and upload your brain onto the Internet and live forever as a virtual surfer?One snag:to exist on the net you will have to have your neural network parked on the computer of a web-hosting company.These companies want real money in real ban

8、k accounts every year or they will wipe your bit of the hard disc and sell the space to someone else.With your body six feet underground how will you pay?1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Nano transmitters can help map the human brain.B.Electronic clones recreate

9、 the original human body.C.Electronic clones may put their physical selves into movies.D.Nano transmitters use a helmet to detect the cerebral activities.2.What is the authors attitude towards electronic clones?A.Optimistic and careful.B.Interested and unconvinced.C.Excited and confused.D.Assured an

10、d critical.3.The author asks“how will you pay?”at the end of the article,because _.A.you cant pay to exist on the Internet if you are physically dead B.you cant pay for hard disc space if you dont have a bank account C.you cant pay for a special service if too many people want to use it D.you cant p

11、ay the web-hosting company if you dont have a neural network B UK physicist Isaac Newton once said,Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy(傻子).Indeed,Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules.But if we break the rules,she is likely to be cr

12、uel andlash out at us.The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(新型冠状病毒肺炎,NCP)in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example.According to Xinhua News Agency,the new coronavirus is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host(中间宿主

13、).Its believed that the virus originated from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan,Hubei province,where live wild animals were sold.The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr Peter Daszak,president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance,said,This outbreak is a lesson for us.On a global s

14、cale,human population density,wildlife diversity,and land use change are what drive new pandemics(流行病).In ancient times,people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe(敬畏).For example,the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans.Chin

15、ese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings.However,as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools,people try to change and even conquer nature.They use more land to make buildings,genetically modify(改变)plants,capture some wild and rare animals to suit

16、 their own needs.In this process,humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.For example,cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global warming.Although we dont know for sure what first caused the NCP

17、 outbreak,Brian Lamacraft at Medium said its time for people to reflect on our relationship with our planet and reconnect with this world and everything that weve been given.After all,according to US poet Gary Snyder,Nature is not the place to visit.Its our home.4.What does the phrase lash out at in

18、 Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.punish B.control C.test D.challenge 5.What lesson did Daszak think human beings should learn from the NCP outbreak?A.Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.B.Its impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.C.We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.D.

19、Humans should live peacefully with nature.6.What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?A.How human beings become their own masters.B.How human activities cause global warming.C.How human beings break the balance of nature.D.How humans use technology to improve their lives.7.What is the authors purpose in

20、writing this article?A.To reflect on the NCP outbreak.B.To explain what led to the NCP outbreak.C.To describe experts predictions on new pandemics.D.To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.C Zaki was small for his twelve years,and he was angry being treated as a child.Farid,his older b

21、rother,had been looked upon as a man long before he was Zakis age.Every day Farid and the other young Bahraini men went out in their wooden boats to dive for oysters(牡蛎).Many times Zaki begged to go along,but Faridalways refused to let him.So every day Zaki would go to the shallow water to practice.

22、His grandfather,a former diver,would watch him and advise him.All morning,Zaki would practice diving beneath the waves.Every afternoon,again and again he would go underwater and hold his breath.With each days practice,his diving improved and he could hold his breath a little while longer.Soon Zaki f

23、elt as much at home in the water as he did out of it.Zaki rose early one day.He wanted to compete with his brother.They dived beneath the waves.Zaki opened his eyes and found himself looking into his brothers face.Farid was smiling with confidence.Slowly,the smile was disappearing from Farids face.A

24、s more seconds passed,a worried look appeared on Farids face.Farid was realizing that Zaki could possibly beat him.Looking into Farids eyes,Zaki suddenly understood what losing could mean to his brother.Never would the villagers allow him to live it down.He would be laughed at by losing to a little

25、child.Almost without thinking,Zaki kicked his feet and rose to the surface of the water a second before Farids head appeared beside him.The men around them cheered and patted Farid on the back.Farid,however,put his arm around Zakis shoulders.“Today,”Farid announced,“we shall have a new diver among u

26、s.”Then quietly,for Zakis ears alone,he said“Thank you,my brother.”And Zaki knew that they both had learned that it takes more than strength to make a man.8.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.Zakis grandfather was a good diver.B.Zaki liked staying at home every day.C.Zaki practised hard in

27、the water daily.D.Zakis grandfather encouraged him to dive.9.Which of the following best describes Zaki according to paragraph 3?A.Considerate.B.Ambitious.C.Confident.D.Adventurous.10.What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?A.Farid beat his little brother easily.B.Zaki was as strong as

28、his brother.C.Zaki regretted losing the competition.D.Both Farid and Zaki had grown up.11.What is the best title for the text?A.Farids Pride B.Zakis Challenge C.Brothers Competition D.Grandfathers Advice D Thermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas em

29、issions,like a free lunch.But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use.Now,researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well.The work could pave the way for greener car engines,and other energy-generating devices.“This looks like a very smar

30、t way to realize high performance,”says Li-Dong Zhao,a materials scientist.He notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing.However,he says,“This will be used in the not too far future.”Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface.That

31、gives them a hot side and a cool side.If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side,the electricity stops flowing.A devices success at preventing this,as well as its ability to conduct electrons,feeds into a score known as the figure of merit,or ZT.Researchers have produced thermoelectric

32、 materials with increasing ZTs.The record came in 2014 when Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1.Yet the material was too fragile to work with.“For practical applications,its a non-star-ter,”Kanatzidis says.Getting through that door will still take some time.The tin selen

33、ide the team makes is mixed with Na,creating a“p-type”material that conducts positive charges.To make working devices,researchers also need an“n-type”version to conduct negative charges.Zhaos team is now working on making an n-type version.Once successful,researchers should have a clear path to maki

34、ng a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors.Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65%of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.12.The first paragraph wants to tell us_.A.The wide

35、use of thermoelectric generators B.The devices of current thermoelectric generators C.The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectrics D.The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection 13.How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?A.Indifferent.B.Optimi

36、stic.C.Critical.D.Worried.14.What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?A.It was far from a success for practical applications.B.A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.C.Researchers made an“n-type”version to make working devices D.A“p-type”material made from

37、 the tin selenide conducts negative charges 15.What does the underlined word“scavenge”in the last paragraph mean?A.Recycle.B.Produce.C.Clean.D.Increase.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Can We Stop Food Longing Through Imaginary Eating?Are you fighting an urge to r

38、each for chocolate?Then,let it melt in your mind,not in your mouth.According to the recent research,imagining eating a specific food reduces your interest in that food,so you eat less of it.This reaction to repeated exposure to foodbeing less interested in something because youve experienced it too

39、muchis called habituation._16_ The research is the first to show that habituation can occur through the power of the mind.“If you just think about the food itselfhow it tastes and smellsthat will increase your appetite,”said Carey Morewedge,a well-known psychologist.“It might be better to force your

40、self to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in order to reduce your longing._17_Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldnt prevent you from eating lots of cheese,”he added.Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment.51 subjects were divided into three groups.One group was ask

41、ed to imagine putting 30 coins into a laundry machine and then eating three chocolates._18_Another group was asked to imagine putting three coins into a laundry machine and then eating 30 chocolates.Lastly,a control group imagined just putting 33 coins into the machinewith no chocolates._19_When the

42、y said they had finished,these were taken away and weighed.The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups._20_Physical signalsthat full stomach feelingare only part of what tells us weve finished a meal.The research suggests

43、 that psychological effects,such as habituation,also influence how much a person eats.It may lead to new behavioral techniques for people looking to eat more healthily,or have control over other habits.A.Whats more,this only works with the specific food youve imagined.B.People were advised to try di

44、fferent methods to perform the experiment.C.For example,a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite,according to the study.D.All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.E.It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food

45、.F.This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet,the study says.G.This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 The Best Love I

46、have been married to Scott for 20 years.He has_21_15 pounds.Once a marathon runner,he now runs only down_22_halls.His hair is becomingless and his body shows the_23_of long working hours and too many candy bars.When my friend asked me What will make this love last?I ran through all the obvious_24_:r

47、esponsibility,unselfishness,physical attraction,communication.Yet theres more.We still have fun.Last Saturday at the grocery,we split the shopping_25_and raced each other to see who could make it to the checkout first.We_26_being together.There is understanding I understand why he must play basketba

48、ll with the guys.And he understands why,once a year,I must get away from the house to_27_my sisters for a few days of nonstop talking and laughing.There is sharing.Not only do we_28_household worries and parental burdenswe also share_29_.Once,Scott sent me a thick historical novel._30_he prefers thr

49、illers(惊险小说)and science fiction,he had read the novel first.He_31_my heart when he explained it was because he wanted to be able to_32_ideas about the book after Id read it.There is forgiveness.When Im embarrassingly loud and_33_at parties,Scott forgives me.When he admitted_34_some of our savings in

50、 the stock market,I gave him a hug and said,Its nothing_35_.Its only money.Finally there is sensitivity.Last week he came home and told me about a 60-year-old woman whod had a stroke(中风)and would probably never_36_?He wept as he recalled the womans_37_standing beside her bed,holding her hand.I_38_to