2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(江苏卷,解析版).pdf

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1、word 1/25 2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题江苏卷，解析版 听力局部略 第二局部:英语知识运用(共两节,总分为 35 分)第一节:单项填空(共 15 小题;每一小题 1 分,总分为 15 分)请阅读下面各题,从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最优选项,并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 答案是 B。21 Lessons can be learn

2、ed to face the future,_ history cannot be changed.A.though B.as C.since D.unless【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查连词词义辨析与语境理解。A.虽然，尽管；B.正如；C.自从；D.除非。根据句意判断可以知道前后句之间为转折关系，故用连词 though 连接。句意：虽然历史不可改变，但是吸取教训来面向未来。故 A 正确。考点：考查连词词义辨析与语境理解。22The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work _ a goo

3、dimpression is a must.A.which B.when C.as D.where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句用法。句中的先行词为 work，在从句 a good impression is must中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。句意：这本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助，尤其在工作中，良好的印象是必须的。故 D 正确。考点：考查定语从句用法 word 2/25 23How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well,the media _ it in a

4、variety of forms.A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查动词时态用法。根据句意可以判定出，此题用现在完成时态，强调过去的事情对现在的影响还存在。句意：关于将在南京举办的青奥会你了解多少？嗯，媒体已经用各种形式进展了报道。故 C 正确。考点：考查动词时态用法 24Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _.A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in

5、 fashion【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查介词短语辨析与语境理解。A.in place 在适当的位置；B.in order按顺序；C.in shape 处于良好状态；健康；D.in fashion 流行，时兴。句意：汤姆早上总是慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持良好身体。故 C 正确。考点：考查介词短语辨析与语境理解 25Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies.A.chased B.registered C.offered D.compensated【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词词义辨析与语境理解。A.chase

6、追赶，追求；B.register 登机，注册；C.offer 提供；D.compensate 补偿。句意：来自大学的优秀毕业生被大公司所猎取。故 A 正确。考点：考查动词词义辨析与语境理解 26What a mess!You are always so lazy!Im not to blame,mum.I am _ you have made me.A.how B.what C.that D.who word 3/25【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查名词性从句用法。此题考查的是表语从句，注意动词 make 后接双宾语，即 make sb.sth.故用关系词 what 来引导。句意：怎么这么乱啊

7、！你总是这么懒！我不应该受到责备，妈妈。我是你使得我这样的。故 B 正确。考点：考名词性从句用法 27She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statue【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析与语境理解。A.symbol 象征，标志；B.portrait 肖像；C.identity 身份，特征；D.statue 塑像，雕像。句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大

8、的代表人物。故 A 正确。考点：考查名词词义辨析与语境理解 28The idea“happiness,_,will not sit still for easy definition.A.to be rigid B.to be sure C.to be perfect D.to be fair【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析与语境理解。A.rigid 严格的，刻板的；B.sure 肯定的；C.perfect 完美的；D.fair 塑像，雕像。句意：“幸福的观念，可以肯定的是，是不会坐视那么容易定义的。故 B 正确。考点：考查形容词词义辨析与语境理解 29The lecture _

9、,a lively question-and-answer session followed.A.being given B.having given C.to be given D.having been given【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。句中逻辑主语 lecture 与动词 give 是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。being given 指正在进展的演讲；to be given 将要发表的演讲。word 4/25 having been given 如此强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词 follow 的动作之前。句意：发表演讲之后，接下来是现场提问时间。故

10、D 正确。考点：考查非谓语动词用法 30Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and _.A.pay him back B.pay him off C.put him away D.put him off【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析与语境理解。A.pay back 偿还，回报；B.pay sb.off 付清工资后解雇(某)人；C.put away 收拾，储存；D.put off 推迟。句意：爸爸，我认为奥利弗是不适合这份工作的那种人。我明白，我马上

11、付清工资后解雇他。故B 正确。考点：考查动词短语辨析与语境理解 31It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,_ bring me food.A.might B.would C.should D.could【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词用法。A.might 也许；B.would 将；C.should 竟然，居然用于表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等语气中；D.could 能够。句意：他们，自己如此的贫困，竟然带食物给我，让我很难过。故 C 正确。考点：考查情态动词用法 32I cant meet you on Sunday.Ill be _

12、 occupied.A.also B.just C.nevertheless D.otherwise【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查副词词义辨析与语境理解。A.also 也；B.just 刚刚；C.nevertheless尽管如此；D.otherwise 否如此，在不同方面。句意：在星期天我不能与你见面，否如此我会很忙。故 D 正确。考点：考查副词词义辨析与语境理解 word 5/25 33Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.A.remember B.remi

13、ndC.recover D.recall【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查动词词义辨析与语境理解。A.remember 记得，指事物不知不觉地在脑海中的闪现。；B.remind 使想起，提醒；C.recover 使恢复；D.recall 回忆，多指有意识地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。句意：端午节相传起源于回忆屈原精神。故 D 正确。考点：考查动词词义辨析与语境理解 34Good families are much to all their members,but _ to none.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing【答案】C【解析】试题分析：

14、考查代词用法。A.something 某事物；B.anything 任何事物；C.everything一切；D.nothing 没有什么。句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。故 C 正确。考点：考查代词用法 35_!Somebody has left the lab door open.Dont look at me.A.Dear me B.Hi,there C.Thank goodness D.Come on【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查交际用语。A.dear me 哎呀表示惊讶；B.Hi,there 嗨；C.Thank goodness 谢天谢地；D.come on

15、 加油。句意：哎呀！有人离开实验室门还开着。不要看着我。故 A 正确。考点：考查交际用语 第二节:完形填空(共 20 小题;每一小题 1 分,总分为 20 分)请阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最优选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。word 6/25 Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because hefound a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need that he first 3

16、6back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at StateTeachers College in Warrensburg.To get an 37,he was struggling against many difficulties.His family was poor.His Dad couldnt afford the 38at college,so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.Study had to be done 39 his farm-work routi

17、nes.He withdrew from many school activities 40 he didnt have the time or the 41 .He had only one good suit.He tried 42 the football team,but the coach turned him down for being too 43 .During this period Dale was slowly 44 an inferiority complex(自卑感),which his mother knew could 45 him from achieving

18、 his real potential.She46 that Dale join the debating team,believing that 47 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mothers advice,tried desperately and after several attempts，48,made it.This proved to be a 49 point in his life.Speaking before groups d

19、id help him gain the50heneeded.By the time Dale was a senior,he had won every top honor in51.Now other studentswere coming to him for coaching and they,52,were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to 53 his feelings of inferiority,Dale came to understand that the ability to 54 an idea to an a

20、udience builds a persons confidence.And,55 it,Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to doand so could others.36A.admitted B.filled C.supplied D.recognized 37A.assignment B.education C.advantage D.instruction 38A.training B.board C.teaching D.equipment 39A.between B.during C.over D.through 40A.whi

21、le B.when C.because D.though 41A.permits B.interestC.talent D.clothes word 7/25 42A.on B.for C.in D.with 43A.light B.flexibleC.optimistic D.outgoing 44A.gaining B.achieving C.developing D.obtaining 45A.prevent B.protect C.save D.free 46A.suggested B.demandedC.required D.insisted 47A.presence B.pract

22、ice C.patience D.potential 48A.hopefully B.certainly C.finally D.naturally 49A.key B.breaking C.basic D.turning 50A.progress B.experience C.competence D.confidence 51A.horse-riding B.football C.speech D.farming 52A.in return B.in brief C.in turn D.in fact 53A.convey B.overcomeC.understand D.build 54

23、A.express B.stress C.contribute D.repeat 55A.besides B.beyond C.like D.with 【答案】36D 37B 38B 39A 40C 41D 42B 43A 44C 45A 46A 47B 48C 49D 50D 51C 52C 53B 54A 55D【解析】试题分析：文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了戴尔卡耐基从不为人所知，到享有国际声誉。他从年轻时候的不自信，在他母亲的帮助下不断奋斗，最终成为最成功的演说家。36考查动词词义与语境理解。A.admitted 承认；B.filled 装满；C.supplied 提供；D.r

24、ecognized 认出，识别。在 1906 年，当年轻的戴尔是沃伦斯堡州立师范学院三年级学生，他首次发现这种需要。应当选 D 37考查名词义辨析与语境理解。A.assignment 分配，任务；B.education 教育；C.advantage 优势；D.instruction 教学，说明。这里指卡耐基要受到教育，他与许多困难作斗争。应当选 B 38考查名词词义辨析与语境理解。A.training 训练；B.board 这里指“校车；C.teaching 教学；D.equipment 设备。他的爸爸付不起上大学的校车费用，因此戴尔不word 8/25 得不骑马跑 12 英里去上课。应当选

25、B 39 考查介词词义与语境理解。A.between 在之间；B.during 在期间；C.over在上方；D.through 穿过。学习不得不在日常农活之间完成。应当选 A 40考查连词词义与语境理解。A.while 然而；B.when 当时候；C.because 因为；D.though 尽管。他从许多学校活动走开，因为他没有时间和衣服。应当选 C 41考查名词词义辨析与上下文连串。A.permits 允许；B.interest 兴趣；C.talent才能；D.clothes 衣服。根据后句 He had only one good suit.可以推测出这里用名词 clothes。应当选 D

26、 42考查动词短语搭配与语境理解。此题考查短语 try for 谋求，争取。try on 试穿；try in 试戴。他想争取参加足球队，但教练拒绝了他。应当选 B43考查形容词词义辨析与语境理解。A.light 轻的；B.flexible 灵活的；C.optimistic 乐观的；D.outgoing外向的。根据这四个选择项可以判断，教练拒绝他的原因只可能是因为他体重太轻。应当选 A 44 考查动词词义辨析与语境理解。A.gaining 获得；B.achieving 取得；C.developing形成；D.obtaining 获得。从语境可知，在这个时期，戴尔慢慢形成一种自卑感。应当选 C 4

27、5考查动词词义辨析。A.prevent 阻止；B.protect 保护；C.save 拯救；D.free释放。这里考查短语 prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。应当选 A 46 考查动词词义辨析与语境理解。A.suggested 建议；B.demanded 要求；C.required要求；D.insisted 坚持。她建议戴尔参加辩论队。应当选 A 47考查名词短语辨析与语境理解。A.presence 出现；B.practice 练习；C patience耐心；D.potential 潜能。她相信发言练习能够给他自信。

28、应当选 B 48考查副词词义辨析与语境理解。A.hopefully 有希望地；B.certainly 当然，一定；C.finally 最终；D.naturally 自然地。戴尔听从了他母亲的建议，不顾一切的尝试，几次尝试之后，最终成功了。应当选 C 49考查形容词词义辨析与语境理解。A.key 关键的；B.breaking 破裂的；C.basic根本的；D.turning 转折。从语境可知，这证明是他生命中的一个转折点。应当选 D 50考查名词词义辨析。A.progress 进步；B.experience 经历；C.competence 能word 9/25 力；D.confidence 自信

29、。在人群面前演讲确实帮助他获得他需要的自信。应当选 D 51 考查名词词义辨析与语境理解。A.horse-riding 骑马；B.football 足球；C.speech演讲；D.farming 农业。到戴尔是大四学生的时候，他赢得了演讲的每一个最高荣誉。应当选 C 52考查短语辨析与语境理解。A.in return 作为回报；B.in brief 简言之；C in turn轮流；D.in fact 事实上。现在，其他学生都来向他寻求指导。而他们也依次赢得了竞赛。应当选 C 53考查动词词义辨析。A.convey 传达；B.overcome 抑制；C.understand 理解；D.build

30、 建立。出于这早期的努力使他抑制了自卑感。应当选 B 54考查动词词义辨析与语境理解。A.express 表达；B.stress 强调；C.contribute贡献；D.repeat 重复。戴尔开始理解他向听众表达观念的能力建立了一个人的自信。应当选 A 55考查介词短语辨析与语境理解。A.besides 除之外；B.beyond 超出；C like像；D.with 随着。并且，拥有此，戴尔知道他能够做任何他想要做的事情其他人也可以。应当选 D 考点：考查记叙文 第三局部:阅读理解(共 15 小题;每一小题 2 分,总分为 30 分)请阅读如下短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项

31、中,选出最优选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A.word 10/25 56Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?A.It helped display their money status.B.It was created by famous architects.C.It was named after a famous institute.D.It represented the 19th century urban culture.57What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?A

32、.Its designs are anti-conventional.B.Its designs come from famous structures.C.Its customers can enjoy their own composition.word 11/25 D.Its customers can choose from various new styles.【答案】56A 57C【解析】试题分析：文章大意：本文是一如此广告。文章主要介绍了厨房设计的风格、设计的由来以与顾客可以参加自己的创新。56A 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句 Back then,a Generation

33、of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth.可以判断一代成功的美国企业家梦想新的风格的建造能够表达他们个人财富，即展示他们的金钱地位。故 A 正确。57C 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后一句 today,you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new:your own personal composition of you

34、r kitchen.可知顾客也可以参加自己新的创新，从而可以分享到自己的成果。故 C 正确。考点：考查广告类短文阅读 B.However wealthy we may be,we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything wewant.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spe

35、nt on something else.Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easilybe doing another,or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a differentopportunity costnamely,what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football m

36、atch but the tickets are expensive and it will take you acouple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not,you might reason,watch the game fromhome and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?Thisthe alternative use ofyour cash and timeis the opportunity word 12/25 cost.For

37、economists,every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms ofmoney and enjoymentin order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on,you ought to be able to make better-informed,more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous econo

38、mic rule of all:theres no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free,the time you will spend in the restaurantstill costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging:imagine spending you

39、rentire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable.Yet,in a sense its human nature to do precisely thatwe assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world,a popular phrase is“value for money.P

40、eople want their cash to go as far as possible.However,another is fast obtaining an advantage:“value for time.The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something,so we look tomaximize the return we get on our investment of time.By reading this passage you are g

41、iving overa bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities,such as sleeping and eating.In return,however,this passage will help you to think like an economist,closely considering the opportunitycost of each of your decisions.58According to the passage,the concept of“opportunity cost is

42、 applied to _.A.making more money B.taking more opportunities C.reducing missed opportunities D.weighing the choice of opportunities 59The“leftover.time in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time _.word 13/25 A.spared for watching the match at home B.taken to have dinner with friends C.spent on the

43、way to and from the match D.saved from not going to watch the match 60What are forgone opportunities?A.Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.D.Opportunities you make up for.【答案】58D 59C46B【解析】试题分析：文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章

44、论述了不管我们多么的富有，在一天里我们不可能找到足够的时间做我们想要做的一切。因此，我们要放弃一些事情选择做更好的事情。58 D 考查推理判断。根据文章第二、三段，尤其第三段最后一句 Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost 可知“机会本钱这个概念应用于衡量机会的选择方面。故 D 正确。35C 考查词义推测。题中“leftover money and time是指“剩下来的钱和时间。根据文章第三段第一句 Say you intend to watch a football match but the

45、 tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.可知 leftover time 所指的是“花在观看比赛路上来去的时间。故C 正确。60B 考查推理判断。根据文章第四段，尤其最后一句 Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free,the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of fo

46、rgone opportunities.可 以 推 测 出forgone opportunities 是指“所放弃用于更好的机会。故 B 正确。考点：考查议论文阅读 word 14/25 C.Most damagingly,anger weakens a persons ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the personor situation t

47、hat arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and culturalforces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too

48、socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(决斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one persons awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions EEG(脑电图)measures of

49、electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and,as a r

50、esult of this,were likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people welike.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with