2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案.pdf

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1、精品 2016 考研英语(一)真题及参考答案 2016 年研究生考试已经结束，博仁教育老师整理出 2016 考研英语一真题及参考答案，2016 年考生可以评估一下分数，稍作休整养精蓄锐后备战复试。2017 年考生更要充分利用好 2016 年的真题，了解出题要点，有的放矢备战 2017 年考研。SectionUse of English Directions：Read the following text。Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。（10 point

2、s）In Cambodia，the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male。It may involve not only his parents and his friends，_1_ those of the young woman，but also a matchmaker。A young man can _2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations，or the young man spare

3、nts may make the choice of a spouse，giving the child little to say in theselection。4，a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen。5aspouse has been selected，each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family。The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affa

4、ir。Formerly it lasted three days，_ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half。Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing。Parts of the ceremony the bride s and groom s wrists，and_ 10_ a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife s parents and may_ 12_ w

5、ith them up to a year，_ 13_ they can build a new house nearby。Divorce is legal and easy to_ 14_，but not common。Divorced persons are_ 15_ with some disapproval。Each sprouse retains_ 16_ property he or she_ 17_ into the marriage，and jointly-acquired property is_ 18_ equally。Divorced persons may remarr

6、y，but a gender prejudice_ 19_ up：The divorced male doesn t have a waiting period before he can remarry_ 20_ the woman must wait ten months。1。Aby way of Bon behalf of Cas well as Dwith regard to 2。Aadapt to Bprovide for Ccompete with Ddecide on 3。Aclose Brenew Carrange Dpostpone 4。AAbove all BIn theo

7、ry CIn time DFor example 5。AAlthough BLest CAfter DUnless 6。Ainto Bwithin Cfrom Dthrough 7。Asince Bbut Cor Dso 8。Acopy Btest Crecite Dcreate 精品 9。Afolding Bpiling Cwrapping Dtying 10。Apassing Blighting Chiding Dserving 11。Ameeting Bcollection Cassociation Dunion 12。Agrow Bpart Cdeal Dlive 13。Awherea

8、s Buntil Cif Dfor 14。Aobtain Bfollow Cchallenge Davoid 15。Aisolated Bpersuaded Cviewed Dexposed 16。Awhatever Bhowever Cwhenever Dwherever 17。Achanged Bbrought Cshaped Dpushed 18。Awithdrawn Binvested Cdonated Ddivided 19。Abreaks Bwarms Cshows Dclears 20。Aso Bwhile Conce Din that Text 1 France，which p

9、rides itself as the global innovator of fashion，has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women。Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways。The parliament also agreed to

10、ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting。Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives。They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health。Thats a start。And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starvi

11、ng themselves to death-as some have done。It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women，especially teenage girls，about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth。The bans，if fully enforced，would suggest to women（and many me

12、n）that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty。And perhaps faintly，they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques。The French measures，however，rely too much on severe punishment t

13、o change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing。Under the law，using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85，000 fine and six months in prison。The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on materi

14、al adornment and idealized body types。In Denmark，the United States，and a few other countries，it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement。精品 In contrast to Frances actions，Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules an

15、d sanctions regarding the age，health，and other characteristics of models。The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states：“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals，especially on young people。”The charter s main tool of enforcement

16、is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week（CFW），which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute。But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance。Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step

17、。Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry。21。According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France？ANew runways would be constructed。BPhysical beauty would be redefined。CWebsites about dieting would thrive。DThe fashion indus

18、try would decline。22。The phrase“impinging on”（Line2，Para.2）is closest in meaning to Aheightening the value of。Bindicating the state of。Closing faith in。Ddoing harm to。23。Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？ANew standards are being set in Denmark。BThe French measures have already f

19、ailed。CModels are no longer under peer pressure。DIts inherent problems are getting worse。24。A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for Apursuing perfect physical conditions。Bcaring too much about models character。Cshowing little concern for health factors。Dsetting a high age threshold for m

20、odels。25。Which of the following may be the best title of the text？AA Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body Ideals BA Dilemma for the Starving Models in France 精品 CJust Another Round of Struggle for Beauty DThe Great Threats to the Fashion Industry Text 2 For the first time in history more people l

21、ive in towns than in the country。In Britain this has had a curious result。While polls show Britons rate“the countryside”alongside the royal family，Shakespeare and the National Health Service（NHS）as what makes them proudest of their country，this has limited political support。A century ago Octavia Hil

22、l launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever。”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air。”Hills pressures later led to the creation of national parks and

23、 green belts。They dont make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it。It needs constant guardianship。At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment。The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservati

24、on，even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object。The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable。Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development。The Liberal Democrats are silent。Only Ukip，sensing its chance，has sided wi

25、th those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land。Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties。The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place。The Lond

26、on agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone，with no intrusion on green belt。What is true of London is even truer of the provinces。The idea that“housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk。The issue is not the need for m

27、ore houses but，as always，where to put them。Under lobby pressure，George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal。He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets。This is not a free market but a biased one。Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow。T

28、hey do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character。We do not ruin urban conservation areas。Why ruin rural ones？Development should be planned，not let rip。After the Netherlands，Britain is Europes most crowded country。Half a century of town and country planning has enabled

29、 it to retain an enviable rural coherence，while still permitting low-density urban living。There is no doubt of the alternativethe corrupted landscapes of southern 精品 Portugal，Spain or Ireland。Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum。26。Britains

30、 public sentiment about the countryside_ Adidntstart till the Shakespearean age。Bhas brought much benefit to the NHS。Cis fully backed by the royal family。Dis not well reflected in politics。27。According to Paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being_ Agradually destroyed。Beffecti

31、vely reinforced。Clargely overshadowed。Dproperly protected。28。Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3？ALabour is under attack for opposing development。BThe Conservatives may abandon“off-plan”building。CThe Liberal Democrats are losing political influence。DUkip may gain from its support

32、 for rural conservation。29。The author holds that George Osbornes preference_ Ahighlights his firm stand against lobby pressure。Bshows his disregard for the character of rural areas。Cstresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis。Dreveals a strong prejudice against urban areas。30。In the last par

33、agraph，the author shows his appreciation of_ Athe size of population in Britain。Bthe political life in todays Britain。Cthe enviable urban lifestyle in Britain。Dthe town-and-country planning in Britain。Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business，”wrote Milton Friedman，a Nobel p

34、rize-winning economist“That is，to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits。”But even if you accept Fiedmans premise and regard corporate social responsibility（CSR）policies as a waste of shareholders 精品 money，things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research sugge

35、sts that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption。The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than$15 billion a year on CSR，according to an estimate by EPG，a consulting firm，This could add value to their businesses in three ways.Fi

36、rst，consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company s products are of high quality.Second，customers may be willing to buy a company s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps。And third，through a more diffuse“halo effect，”whereby its good deeds earn it greater cons

37、ideration from consumers and others。Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three。A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）。It argues that sinc

38、e prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect。The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties。Their analysis ruled out the possibility th

39、at it was firms political influence，rather than their CSR stand，that accounted for the leniency：Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines。In all，the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits，they do seen to influ

40、enced by a companys record in CSR。“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern，such as child labour，or increasing corporate giving by about 20%results in fines that generally are 40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials，”says one researcher。Resea

41、rchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR。Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect，rather than the other possible benefits，when they decide their do-gooding policies。But at least have demonstrated that whencomp

42、anies get into trouble with the law，evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment。31.The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR with A tolerance B skepticism C uncertainty Dapproval 32.According to Paragraph 2，CSR helps a company Al winning trust from consumers。B guardi

43、ng it against malpractices。精品 C protecting it from being defamed。D raising the quality of its products。33.Theexpression“more lenient”（Line 2，Para。4）is closestin meaning to Al more effective。B less controversial。C less severe。D more lasting。34。When prosecutors evaluate a case，a companys CSR record Al

44、 has an impact on their decision。B comes across as reliable evidence。Cincreases the chance of being penalized。D constitutes part of the investigation。35。Which of the following is true of CSR，according to the last paragraph？Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked。BThenecessaryamoun

45、t of companiesspending on it is unknown。C Companies financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated。D Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry。Text 4 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint。Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate。“Som

46、etime in the future“the papers publisher said back in 2010。Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，theres plenty of incentive to ditch print。The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers-printing presses。delivery truck-isnt just expensive；its excessive at a time when onl

47、ine-only competition dont have the same set financial constraints。Readers are migrating away from print away，And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining。Overhead may be high and circulation lowe，but rushing to eliminate its print

48、 editor would be a mistake，says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti。Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting of the print business，only if they go about doing it the right away“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them“he said，“but if you discontinue it，youre going

49、to have your most loyal customers really upset with you。“精品 Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway“。Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming。”It was seen as a blunder。“he said。The move turned out to be foresighted。And if Peretti were in charg

50、e at the times？”l wouldn t pick year to end print。“he said。“I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product。”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor。the idea goes，and theyd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in。“So if you re overp