2021年西安市第三十八中学高三英语一模试卷及答案.pdf

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1、2021 年西安市第三十八中学高三英语一模试卷及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Experts say that if food were a country,it would rank second behind theUSas one of the biggest greenhouse gas polluters.The reason is the rising demand for meat.Animal farming is responsibl

2、e for 14.5 percent of global methane emissions.While cowsare the worst contributors,pigs,sheep,donkeys and other animals play a part as well.Animal agriculture also causes land to become damaged,water to be polluted and forests to get destroyed.With the world population forecast to rise to 9.8 billi

3、on by 2050,things are only looking worse for our already decreasing natural resources.While going vegetarian would help,meat consumption is too deep-rooted in most Western diets to allow for such a sharp,permanent change.That is why experts are advocating substituting some of the beef,chicken,or por

4、k with ordinary insects!Insects,which grow into adults within a matter of months,if not weeks,are ready for consumption much faster than domestic animals.They also require much less room,use less water and food,and produce far less greenhouse gas than animals.Of the 1.1 million insect species worldw

5、ide,scientists have identified 1,700 as eatable.Among them are ants,grasshoppers,grubs,and earthworms.Just like animals,each insect has a different taste.Tree worms taste just like pork,and grubs are similar to smoked meat.While eating insects might be a new concept for Western people,over 2 billion

6、 people worldwide consume insects as a regular part of their diet.Besides being delicious,insects are high in protein,have very few calories,and are free of the saturated fat found in animal meat.Insects can be prepared in many ways.Creative cooks can use them to cook protein-rich soup,make baked tr

7、eats,and even fry a few with vegetables.So eat insects-both your body and Mother Earth will thank you for it!1.Which of the following animals contribute the most to global methane emissions?A.Sheep.B.Donkeys.C.Cows.D.Pigs.2.How is the third paragraph developed?A.By making comparisons.B.By providing

8、examples.C.By listing data.D.By asking questions.3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Few people eat insects regularly.B.Ordinary insects are high in fat.C.Insects contain various vitamins.D.Saturated fat is harmful to health.B New Yorkis among the slowest cities during rush hour in the

9、world,according to a report published in January.Crossing midtown by car is soul-destroying.The average speed is 4.7 miles per hour,not much quicker than a quick walk.But relief is in sight.On April 1st,state lawmakers agreed to introduce road charges,makingNew Yorkthe first big American city to do

10、so.By next year vehicles will have to pay to enterManhattansouth of60th Street.The details of the new rule,including how much drivers will have to pay,how they will pay and how often they will pay,haveyet to be decided.A“traffic mobility review board will be set up to work all this out.New Yorkers l

11、iving in the fee zone who make less than$60,000 a year will be exempt(获豁免).Other drivers,including motorcyclists,the city s civil servants,disabled drivers and the trucking industry,all want discounts or exemptions,which might not be a good sign.If done right,road pricing could be expanded beyondMan

12、hattan.New Yorkcan learn from other cities.Singapore,for instance,which has had pricing for decades,adjusts prices regularly.It can also learn from mistakes.London,which rolled out its pricing in 2003,is only starting to charge on-demand car hires like Uber.Stockholm exempted too many vehicles,which

13、 caused a drop in revenues(收入).Other cities considering road charges,includingLos Angeles,Philadelphia Portland,San FranciscoandSeattle,are watchingNew York.We really have t1o make a good example,says Nicole Gelinas of the Manhattan Institute,aNew Yorkthink tank.4.What does the report find?A.New Yor

14、khas terrible road traffic.B.New Yorkoften introduces new laws.C.New Yorkers prefer walking to driving.D.New Yorkers face an increased cost of living.5.What can be inferred about the new rule from paragraph 2?A.It faces some potential problems.B.It has clear and detailed fee standards.C.It favors Ne

15、w Yorkers living in the fee zone.D.It fails to win a traffic mobility review board s approval.6.What doLondonandStockholmhave in common?A.They learn a lot fromSingapore.B.They have greatly increased revenues.C.They charge on-demand car hires heavily.D.They are bad examples of placing road charges.7.

16、What is the best title for the text?A.How much does it cost to drive intoManhattan?B.New Yorkapproves road pricing forManhattan C.Drivers fear crossingManhattansouth of60th Street D.Who will be exempt from road charges inManhattan?C In Copenhagen,an 8-year dream was realized when the first paid skie

17、rs took their runs down a one-third-mile course(路线)They skied on what is possibly the greenestpower factory in the worldThe factory is so clean and safe that designers were able to turn its buildings into a new center for social life The waste-to-power factory itself opened in 2017 under the name Am

18、ager BakkeBjarke Ingels is the architect whosecompany came up with the idea eight years ago of designing a power plant building that would join mountain sports into its very nature“It is the cleanest waste-to-energy power plant in the worldIt is not only better for the environment,it is also moreenj

19、oyable for the lives of its citizens.”Ingels says 97%of city people get their heating as a by-product of energy productionIt comes from a system where the electricity,heating,and waste disposal(处理)are mixed into a single processHe dreams that it is also becoming an example that others can look to an

20、d say,“IfCopenhagencan do it why can t we?There are no hills in this island city,but now people can ski locally,while enjoying the best views ever seen of the harborAnother thing missing hereis snow cover throughout the winter,so designers set up a kind of special plastic grass that provides the per

21、fect friction(摩擦力)for downhill winter sports In a country where 600,000 skiers always had to travel to practice sking,to be able to finally ski in their backyard-and,all year round-is,as one skier said,“AMAZING”The company hopes to see 300,000 visitors enjoying the experience of Copen hill each year

22、,with the ski slope costing$22 an hour or just$366 for a full season passMeanwhile,the city is one step closer to its final goal of becoming the worlds first carbon-neutral city by 2025We thinkit might be all“down hill”from here 8.How does the power factory produce electricity?A.By using oil B.By us

23、ing coal C.By usingwind D.By using waste 9.What s Ingels dream according to the passage?A.To make more tall buildings in different big cities B.To help more skiers to ski in high mountains C.There will be more green power factories in the world D.More and more people will ski in the power factory 10

24、.Where do the skiers ski in the power factory?A.On man-made snow B.On man-made ice C.On plastic grass D.On real sand 11.The underlined part“it might be all downhill from here means that_.A.they will soon reach their final goal B.they will soon draw many visitors C.they will produce more electricity

25、D.they have difficulties reaching the goal D The English language is changing,and you are responsible!Whether we consider changes in grammar,spelling,pronunciation,or the very vocabulary of the language,you have played your part and continue to do so.When we first learned basic grammar and spelling,

26、perhaps in elementary school,we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred.The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable.While this way might be helpful for teaching children,it is far from accurate.The English language,like many oth

27、ers,is a living,growing,ever-evolving thing.Like it or not,you are involved in this change.These changes take many forms.Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries,with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this.While the language of a thou

28、sand years ago might be called English,most of us would hardly recognize it today as the same language.The first involves changes in the pronunciation of words.Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words.In addition to these differences,t

29、he pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them.For example,consider the word err.The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word her.Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation.However,in recent yea

30、rs,more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like air.Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words.The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language.Through the centuries,many words have c

31、ome from other languages.In fact,English has probably done this more than any other language in the world,which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions.Of course,many slang words have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly.Others,though,have bee

32、n adopted by mainstream society and become respectable,as have many technical terms.So then remember,the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street,or make up your own words,you may be contributing to the future of the English language.12.When we begin to learn English,we think _.A

33、.it is interesting to pick up a new language B.English rules are wrongly presented in fact C.grammar and spelling rules are unchangeable D.only adults have the ability to affect a language 13.From paragraph 3 we can know that_.A.we can change the English language B.many languages are changing over y

34、ears C.English has changed little in the past 1,000 years D.there were main changes in grammar and pronunciation 14.Why is the pronunciation of words changing?A.people speak in different ways B.people have adopted foreign words C.it has been affected by American English D.makers of dictionaries ofte

35、n change them 15.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Foreign words involved in English.B.The British speaks differently from Americans.C.English language is changing over years.D.You can change the English language.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两

36、项为多余选项 Can Skipping Dinner Help You Lose Weight?If your phone needs a software upgrade,you would likely run the operation when its fully charged._16_A new study finds human energy systems operate in a similar fashion:Our metabolisms likely function best in the morning when our bodies are fresh and f

37、ully charged.Specifically,people who eat larger breakfasts and adopt an 18-hour overnight fast,say from 1 pm to 7 am,have the lowest body weights._17_ Contrary to the popular belief,these extended overnight fasts seem to help increase metabolic function.Lead author Dr Hana Kahleova finds meals consu

38、med in the evening,compared to those eaten in the morning,result in higher blood sugar,which happens when insulin cannot process glucose into energy._18_What does this mean for you?Depending on your goals and health status,you may consider rearranging your meals.If youre looking to lose 10 pounds,th

39、e 18-to 19-hour overnight fast might work well for you._19_So you could experiment with skipping one meal each day._20_People who maintain highly active lifestyles,for instance,and need adequate fuel to power morning runs or help muscle fibers recover from intense evening workouts like weightlifting

40、 might not benefit.Still,the concept provides an insight into how our bodies use fuel efficiently.A.Of course,this approach isnt for everyone.B.So,lets say you consume 1,500 to 1,800 calories a day.C.Those who ate later in the day,after 6 pm,had higher body weights.D.Otherwise,your phone and its sof

41、tware would take longer to sync.E.This means eating a larger breakfast,a medium-sized lunch and no dinner.F.Like a block in a machine extra glucose slows our metabolic process down.G.The advice to eat breakfast like a king,lunch like a prince and dinner like a beggar has new science behind it.第二部分 语

42、言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 On Saturday morning，a heavy snowfall covered the ground of the nursing homeIt was_21_without all the other patients and medical workers I enjoyed working as the charge nurse on these_22_men My Big Boys，as I calle

43、d them，were sitting there_23_watching TVI loved the_24_these retired men of various occupations toldThey also_25_the questions I asked them about their_26_My question today was，“Did you like to play in the snow when you were young?”Their eyes lighted up as they_27_the excitement“I havent felt snow i

44、n many years，”said Stanley from his wheelchair，gazing_28_the large picture window “_29_wont last long”said another Dared I?But why not?I might get_30_but I would not get fired So I gathered up some huge_31_I went out the back door and filled them with snowI took the first container of snow inside to

45、 Stanley“Do you remember_32_a snowball?”Stanley smiled，reaching out his_33_hands，took a handful of the snow and began forming a_34_“Who would you like to throw it at?”I asked“Tom!”Stanley shouted_35_as he threw the ball at the man near the doorThen all the men got into the action“Better duck!”one sh

46、outed“Catch this one!”another_36_ Laughter filled the whole nursing home_37_also became a victim and soon found myself fighting，too The_38_lasted until the snow began to melt Their laughter，smiles and energy_39_the whole day I saw the_40_inside these Big Boys 21.A.worse B.quieter C.simpler D.heavier

47、 22.A.elderly B.serious C.painful D.poor 23.A.peacefully B.proudly C.stably D.eagerly 24.A.ideas B.1ies C.stories D.differences 25.A.argued B.missed C.doubted D.enjoyed 26.A.dreams B.ages C.friends D.youths 27.A.accepted B.experienced C.recalled D.recognized 28.A.outside B.inside C.upon D.over 29.A.

48、Frost B.Rain C.Wind D.Snow 30.A.hurt B.scolded C.trapped D.1ost 31.A.stones B.containers C.courage D.strength 32.A.throwing B.taking C.making D.hitting 33.A.flexible B.trembling C.graceful D.free 34.A.ball B.habit C.toy D.team 35.A.naturally B.nervously C.desperately D.excitedly 36.A.tried B.suggest

49、ed C.challenged D.whispered 37.A.He B.They C.I D.We 38.A.break B.fights C.business D.exercises 39.A.brightened B.started C.happened D.finished 40.A.True Love B.Determined Gentlemen C.Human Curiosity D.Little Boys 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A new study_41._（publis

50、h）in the journal Health found that taking a photo（any photo）every day and sharing it online_42._（improve）your well-being.Researchers found that selfieing and sharing isnt_43._（simple）an exercise in narcissism（自我陶醉）but_44._act of self-care.Taking the photo encourages mindfulness,while the sharing pro