选修七知识点总结.pdf

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1、-选修七英语总结 Part1：词汇局部 Unit1：1.disability n.无能；残疾 disabled adj.伤残的 able adj.能干的；能够的 2.ambition n.野心，雄心 ambitious adj.有雄心的，野心勃勃的 3.beneficial adj.有益的 benefit v.&n.受益；利益，好处 4.independent adj.独立的 independence n.独立 depend v.依靠，依赖 5.encouragement n.鼓励 encourage v.鼓励 courage n.勇气，精神 单词：1.ambition (n.)雄心 2.be

2、neficial (adj.)有益的 3.adapt (v.)使适应;改编 4.conduct (n.)行为(v.)指挥 5.resign (v.)辞职 6.panion (n.)同伴 7.access n.接近的方法；通路；可接近性 8.suitable adj.适合的,适当的;9.annoy vt.使生气，使烦恼;招惹;阻碍 10.adequate adj.适当的,足够的 重点词组in other words 换句话说 cut out 切掉,删掉 out of breath 上气不接下气 sit around 闲坐着 make fun of 取笑 all the best 一切顺利-as

3、well as 也,又;和一样好 重点词汇 1.ambition (n.)雄心 ambitious adj.志向远大的;有雄心壮志的;有野心的 2.beneficial (adj.)有益的 benefit v.&n.有助于；受益；利益，好处 be beneficial to sth./sb.对有益 be of benefit to 对有益 for the benefit of 为了(的利益)benefit from 从中受益 3.adapt (v.)使适应;改编 adapt(oneself)to sth.适应*物 adaptto使适应 adapt sth.for sth.from sth.根据

4、*事将改编成 be adapted from由改编 4.conduct (n.)行为(v.)指挥 conductor n.领导者,经理,a bad conduct 恶劣行为 under the conduct of 在.指导管理下 5.resign (v.)辞职；委托,把.交托给(to,into)resign ones position(as secretary)辞去(秘书)职务 resign office 辞职 resign oneself to 听任(*种影响);只好(做*事)resign oneself to ones fate 听天由命 resign.to.把.托付给 6.panion

5、 (n.)同伴 make panions of 与.作伴，与.为友 panions in arms 战友 a faithful panion 忠实伴侣 7.access n.接近的方法；通路；可接近性 accessible adj.易接近的,可到达的,accessible to(prep.)8.suitable adj.适合的,适当的;suit v.适宜,适合,相配,unsuitable adj.不适合的,不相称的 be suitable for(doing)sth./sb.很适合(做)9.annoy vt.使生气，使烦恼;招惹;阻碍 be annoyed at/by sth.因为*事而感到困

6、扰 get/be annoyed with sb.生*人的气 annoying 令人恼火的 annoyed 恼怒的;烦恼的 10.adequate adj.适当的,足够的;差强人意的 unit2：1.desire n.渴望 vt.想要 2.satisfaction n.满意 3.alarm n.警报 vt.使惊慌 4.sympathy n.同情-5.acpany vt.陪伴 6.declare vt.宣布 7.envy vt.嫉妒 8.junior adj.较年幼的 9.divorce n.离婚 vt.与离婚 词组：test out 考验 ring up 打给 turn around 转向 l

7、eavealone 不打搅 set aside 将放在一边 be bound to 一定做 unit3：1.annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的/n.年刊；年鉴 2.witness n.目击者；证人；证据 vt.当场见到；目击 3.acmodation n.住所 4.abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃 5.reflect vt.映射；反射 vi.&vt.思考 6.aware adj.意识到的；知道的 7.scare vt.恫吓 vi.受惊吓 sort out 整理；挑出 help out 帮助摆脱困难或危难；协助；使脱离困境 throw oneself out of 跃出 upsid

8、e down 上下翻转过来 Unit4：1.adjust vt.&vi.调整；使适合.2.participate vi.参与；参加.3.otherwise adv.用别的方法；其他方面.Adv&conj.否则；不然 4.arrangement n.安排；排列.-5.donate vt.捐赠.6.purchase vt.&n.买；购置.7.distribution n.分配；分发；分布状态.8.relevant adj.有关的,相应的 9.operate v.操作,运转,开动,起作用(be)dying to.极想；渴望.the other day 几天前 stick out.伸出 in need

9、.在困难中；在危急中.Part2：语法局部:Unit1：Unit2:不定式 1不定式的被动形式 当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种一般式和完成式。(1)一般式to be done表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。It is a great honor_to_be_invited_to speak here.很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。The novel is said_to_be_published_ne*t month.据说这本小说下月要出版。(2)完成式to have been done表示不定式动

10、作发生在谓语动词之前。The book is said to_have_been_translated_into si*languages.这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。The boss preferred_to_have_been_given_more work to do.老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。被动一般式 to be done 完成式 to have been done 2.不定式被动形式的作用-(1)作主语 Its an honor to_be_invited to the ceremony.很荣幸被邀请赴宴。Its a pity to_be_kept in the house

11、in such fine weather.在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。(2)作表语 The letter is_to_be_sent_by airmail.这封信笺要空邮。(3)作宾语 She didnt like to_be_treated as a child.她不喜欢被当成孩子。The boy asked to_be_given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的时机。(4)作宾语补足语 Id like my bedroom to_be_cleaned.我想整理一下我的卧室。(5)作定语 He was the last one_to_b

12、e_asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。(6)作状语 His mother left the small village never_to_be_seen again.他母亲离开了那个小山村再也没有人见过她。3不定式有些要注意的地方(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去 to但在变成被动语-态后需要加上 to能这样用的动词或动词词组有makehaveletseehearnoticelisten towatch 等。如 We often see him act like that.He is often seen to ac

13、t like that.我们常常看到他那样做。(2)在 cant help buthave nothing to do but 构造中介词 but 后的不定式省去 to。如 I cant_help_but suspect his motive.我不禁疑心起他的动机。I have_nothing_to_do_but_watch TV.我没什么事情可做除了看电视。(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义 形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式一般用主动形式表示被动意义其中形容词常见的有 easydifficultimportantimpossible 等。如 The work is impossib

14、le_to_finish in two days.工作不可能两天之完成。English is not so easy_to_learn.英语并不好学。一些固定用法如挨骂受责备受批评用 be to blame(东西等)出租用 to let。V-ing 的用法：1.作主语 Swimming is good for health.2.作表语 Teaching is learning.教学相长 注意：1动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的屡次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：-Playing with fire is dangerous.泛指玩火 To play

15、 with fire will be dangerous.指一具体动作 2).V-ing 形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.3).Its no use(good)doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语,只用 V-ing,不用不定式。It is+adj.+(for sb)to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难

16、收。It is a waste of time talking(talk)to him.It is important for me to learn(learn)English.3.作宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。We would appreciate hearing from you我们会珍惜你的来信。Unit4：定语从句 1.关系代词 that,which(物)that,who,whom(人)whose(人和物)关系代词在从句做主语，宾语，表语。当做宾语时，可以省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.that 做主语，先行词是

17、物 The book(which)I gave you was worth$10.which 先行词是物，在从句中作宾语可省，She is the pop star(that)I want to see very much.that 先行词是人，在从句中做宾语可省 who 在从句中多做主语，whom 只能做宾语，介词和动词后-Do you know the man who is talking with your motherwho 在从句中做主语，先行词是人 The boy(whom)she loved died in the war.whom 在从句中做宾语，可省 whose 先行词即可是

18、人也可是物。I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.2.关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语 when 在从句中作时间状语 why 在从句中作原因状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.This is the house where I was born.I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.三、介词/介词短

19、语+关系代词which,whom Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working.This is the hotel in which you will stay.关系副词 when,where,why 的含义相当于介词+which构造，因此常常和介词+which构造交替使用。例如：There are occasions when on which one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place wherein which I was born.是我的出生地。Is this the reason w

20、hy for which he refused our offer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.形式不同 2.作用不同-限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进展修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：3.翻译不同 He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Ive invited Jim,who lives in the ne*t flat.我请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。4.先行词不同 五、as 引导的定语从句 as

21、 可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语，宾语和表语。翻译成像一样或像 suchas 像一样，之类 the sameas 和一样 He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(as 在从从句中做宾语，)Thats the same tool as I used last week.六、as 引导的定语从句和which 的区别 which 限制性非限制性位于句后修饰整句或先行词 Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.As is well known,he is

22、 a famous film star in the 1980s.as 多和被动语态连用，be known,be said,be reported,be announced,be e*pected 等 当非限制性定语从句是否认时，只能用 which。He came here very late,which was une*pected.七、特殊情况一、只能用 that 的情况：1.先行词为 all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代-词时 2.先行词被 all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few 等

23、修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，4.先行词有序数词修饰时 5.先行词既指人又指物时 6.先行词被 the only,the very 修饰时 7.句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了防止重复时 例如：1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech 二、只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况:1.非限制性定语从句 2.介词+which 3.the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由 that,in which 引导或不用引导词。4.领先行词是 point,situation,stage 等时，引导词用 where.