雅思阅读分类词汇.pdf

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1、雅思阅读分类词汇雅思阅读分类词汇雅思阅读分类词汇雅思阅读分类词汇文化类文化类homogeneoushomogeneous 同质的同质的 homo+genehomo+gene+ous(heterogeneous)homosexual,+ous(heterogeneous)homosexual,heterosexualheterosexualmainstreammainstream 主流主流 主流的主流的dialectdialect 方言方言(v.s.accent)(v.s.accent)discrepancydiscrepancy 差异差异misconceptionmisconception 误

2、解误解(mis+concept+(mis+concept+ion)=misunderstandingion)=misunderstandingbarrierbarrier 障碍障碍(物物)bar,=barricade)bar,=barricadediscriminationdiscrimination 区别，歧视区别，歧视 racial/sexualracial/sexualdiscriminationdiscrimination discriminate(+against)discriminate(+against)hierarchyhierarchy 等级制度等级制度 heir+arch(

3、govern)heir+arch(govern)+y+yinsularityinsularity 岛国性质岛国性质(insular,insular,island)British industry has often beenisland)British industry has often beencriticized for its linguistic insularity.criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosmmicrocosm 小天地小天地 micro+cosm(os)micro+cosm(os)nostalgia=home

4、sicknessnostalgia=homesicknesspatriotpatriot 爱国者爱国者(traitor)(traitor)patriotic,patriotic,patriotismpatriotismcompatriotcompatriot 同胞同胞 同胞的同胞的 com+patriotcom+patriot2 2vernacularvernacular 本地的，本地的，本国的本国的 本地话，本地话，本国本国话话 the vernacular languages of Indiathe vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An Amer

5、ican whose firstHispanic An American whose firstlanguage was Spanishlanguage was Spanishimmigrationimmigration 移入移入 immigrant,immigrant,immigratev.s.emigration(emigrant,immigratev.s.emigration(emigrant,emigrate)emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regionsantipodes Any two places or regionson diametr

6、ically opposite sides of theon diametrically opposite sides of theEarth“from North America to theEarth“from North America to theAntipodes”Antipodes”permeatepermeate 渗透，弥漫渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeatedSmoke permeatedthe house.the house.entrepreneurentrepreneur 企业家企业家(enterprise)(enterprise)entrepreneurshipent

7、repreneurshippractitionerpractitioner 开业者，从业者开业者，从业者praction(practice)+erpraction(practice)+ercelebrity a famous person=luminary,celebrity a famous person=luminary,VIPVIPproxyproxy 代理人代理人anecdoteanecdote 轶事轶事(anecdotal)anecdotal)notorietynotoriety 恶名恶名(notorious)notorious)3 3counterpartcounterpart 对

8、应人，对等物对应人，对等物 WhosWhosGeorge Bushs counterpart in China?George Bushs counterpart in China?counterculture,counterbalancecounterculture,counterbalancepeerpeer 同等的人同等的人 凝视，窥视凝视，窥视(peep)(peep)subordinatesubordinate 下级下级 下级的下级的 superior superiortacticstactics 战术，技巧战术，技巧 v.s.strategy(v.s.strategy(战略，战略，策略

9、策略)marketing strategy v.s.selling tactics)marketing strategy v.s.selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningnuance a subtle difference in meaningbenchmarkingbenchmarking 类比分析类比分析punctualpunctual 准时的，准时的，守时的守时的(punctuality)punctuality)absenteeismabsenteeism 旷工旷工 absent absent absentee absent

10、ee absenteeismabsenteeismflextimeflextime 弹性工作时间弹性工作时间 flex(flexible)+flex(flexible)+timetimeharassharass 骚扰骚扰(harassment)Mary said harassment)Mary saidthat Gary had sexually harassed her.that Gary had sexually harassed her.redundancyredundancy 冗余，冗员冗余，冗员 networknetworkredundancyredundancydownsizedo

11、wnsize 裁员裁员(lay off)(lay off)ballotballot 投票投票(=vote)(=vote)impartialimpartial 不偏不倚的不偏不倚的(partial)(partial)lobbylobby 大堂大堂(n.)(n.)游说游说(v.)(v.)4 4shortlist(BE)a list of applicants whoshortlist(BE)a list of applicants whohave been deemed suitable and from whichhave been deemed suitable and from whicht

12、he successful person will be chosen the successful person will be chosen (v.)(v.)equilibriumequilibrium 平衡，均衡平衡，均衡questionnairequestionnaire 调查表，问卷调查表，问卷quantitativequantitative 定量的定量的(qualitative)(qualitative)contingencycontingency 偶然性，偶然事件偶然性，偶然事件incurincur 招致招致 incurincurdebts/hatred/dangerv.s.oc

13、cur,concur,debts/hatred/dangerv.s.occur,concur,recurrecurethicalethical 伦理的，符合伦理的伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics,ethics,unethicalunethicaldubiousdubious 疑惑的，可疑的疑惑的，可疑的(doubt)People were dubious about thedoubt)People were dubious about theresult.result.manifestationmanifestation 显示，证明显示，证明(manifest)manifest)subtitl

14、esubtitle 字幕，副标题字幕，副标题(sub+title)(sub+title)subsidiary,submarine,subway(BE:subsidiary,submarine,subway(BE:underground,tube),suburb(downtown,underground,tube),suburb(downtown,uptown,outskirts)uptown,outskirts)dubbingdubbing 配音录制配音录制voguevogue 时尚时尚 chic chic5 5bizarrebizarre 奇异的奇异的 v.s.weird(v.s.weird

15、(怪异的怪异的)mediocremediocre 平庸的平庸的dietitiandietitian 饮食学家饮食学家(diet)(diet)connoisseurconnoisseur 行家，鉴赏家行家，鉴赏家 entr entre,a lae,a lacartecarte雅思阅读分类词汇雅思阅读分类词汇生物生物/生理类生理类moleculemolecule 分子分子 molecular molecularcell cell cellular cellularamino amino amino acids(amino acids(氨基酸氨基酸)proteinprotein 蛋白质蛋白质enzy

16、meenzyme 酶酶(proteins that are produced(proteins that are producedby cells and act as catalysts in specificby cells and act as catalysts in specificbiochemical reactions)biochemical reactions)catalystcatalyst 催化剂催化剂chlorophyllchlorophyll 叶绿素叶绿素“chloro“chloro-”:Cl”:Clphotosynthesisphotosynthesis 光合作用光

17、合作用(photo+(photo+synthesis)synthesis)photosynthetic photosyntheticbotanybotany 植物学植物学(zoology)(zoology)botanist,botanist,botanicalbotanicalfloraflora 植物群植物群6 6faunafauna 动物群动物群bacterium bacteria(pl.)bacterium bacteria(pl.)细菌细菌fungus fungi(pl.)fungus fungi(pl.)真菌真菌algae alga(pl.)algae alga(pl.)海藻海藻he

18、rb herb herbal:tea herbal:tea herbicide(herbicide(insecticide,pesticide)insecticide,pesticide)carnationcarnation 康乃馨康乃馨 reincarnation reincarnationfadefade 凋谢，褪色凋谢，褪色organismorganism 机体，组织机体，组织 organ organarthropodarthropod 节肢动物节肢动物 v.s.anthropoid()v.s.anthropoid()reptilereptile 爬行动物爬行动物amphibianamp

19、hibian 两栖动物两栖动物mammalmammal 哺乳动物哺乳动物(mamma!)mamma!)primateprimate 灵长目动物灵长目动物evolutionevolution 进化进化(evolve)evolve)anthropoidanthropoid 类人猿类人猿(“anthrop”:(“anthrop”:humankind)anthropology,humankind)anthropology,philanthropyv.s.ape,gorilla,chimpanzeephilanthropyv.s.ape,gorilla,chimpanzeegenegene 基因基因 D

20、NA(deoxyribonucleic DNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)genome(acid)genome(基因组基因组)geneticsgenetics 遗传学遗传学(genetical)genetical)7 7helixhelix 螺旋，螺旋壮物螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every analyze everysingle gene within the double helix ofsingle gene within the double helix ofhumanitys DNAhumanitys DNAidenticalidentical 同一的同一的 i

21、dentity(identity(ID card)ID card)cloneclonemutationmutation 突变突变 gene mutationgene mutation mutable,mutable,immutable,mutantimmutable,mutantpredatorpredator 捕食者捕食者(prey)(prey)embryoembryo 胚胎胚胎 embryonic(embryonic(萌芽的萌芽的)roeroe 鱼子鱼子 caviar(caviar(鱼子酱鱼子酱)tadpoletadpole 蝌蚪蝌蚪 frog,toad(told)frog,toad(to

22、ld)caterpillarcaterpillar 毛毛虫毛毛虫(cater+pillar)The(cater+pillar)TheAmerican Company:Caterpillar(CAT)American Company:Caterpillar(CAT)grasshoppergrasshopper 蚱蜢，蚱蜢，蝗虫蝗虫(=locust)grass(=locust)grass+hopper,bellhop+hopper,bellhopcricketcricket 蟋蟀蟋蟀(另另)板球板球butterfly v.s.moth dragonfly,fireflybutterfly v.s.

23、moth dragonfly,fireflypollenpollen 花粉花粉 传粉传粉 pollinate,pollination pollinate,pollinationhivehive 蜂房蜂房 honey,concoction honey,concoctionlarva larvae(pl.)larva larvae(pl.)幼虫幼虫 v.s.lavav.s.lavapupapupa 蛹蛹 pupate pupatepenguinpenguin 企鹅企鹅 v.s.dolphin(v.s.dolphin(海豚海豚)8 8raccoonraccoon 浣熊浣熊 v.s.kangaroo(

24、v.s.kangaroo(袋鼠袋鼠)hibernatehibernate 冬眠冬眠(=hole up)(=hole up)torpidtorpid 麻木的，麻木的，蛰伏的蛰伏的 v.s.torpedo(v.s.torpedo(鱼雷鱼雷)cerebral(cerebral(大大)脑的脑的hemispherehemisphere 半球半球(hemi+sphere)(hemi+sphere)cortexcortex 脑皮层脑皮层migrainemigraine 偏头疼偏头疼 migrant migrantsomaticsomatic 躯体的躯体的limblimb 四肢四肢 upper/lower l

25、imbupper/lower limbanatomyanatomy 解剖，剖析解剖，剖析paralyzeparalyze 使瘫痪使瘫痪(=incapacitate,(=incapacitate,immobilize)immobilize)arteryartery 动脉动脉(vein)(vein)glandgland 腺体腺体pancreaspancreas 胰胰hormonehormone 荷尔蒙，激素荷尔蒙，激素cholesterolcholesterol 胆固醇胆固醇efficacyefficacy 功效功效 v.s.efficiency,v.s.efficiency,effectiven

26、esseffectiveness9 9雅思阅读分类词汇雅思阅读分类词汇教育类教育类accommodation(accommodation(膳宿膳宿)供应供应=room and=room andboardboardlodginglodging 寄宿寄宿(处处)leaselease 出租出租“for lease”,“to let”v.s.rent“for lease”,“to let”v.s.renttenanttenant 房客，佃户房客，佃户landlordlandlord 房东房东 landlady(f)landlady(f)Lord,Lord,tenanttenanthousemate r

27、oommate,dormmatehousemate roommate,dormmateschoolmate,classmateschoolmate,classmatedormitorydormitory 寝室寝室(abbrev.dorm)(abbrev.dorm)au pair A young foreigner who livesau pair A young foreigner who liveswith a family in return for doing lightwith a family in return for doing lighthousework(housework(

28、另另)=reciprocal)=reciprocalreciprocalreciprocal 相互的，互惠的相互的，互惠的hostel youth hostel hotelhostel youth hostel hotelreal estatereal estate 房地产房地产vicinity=neighborhoodvicinity=neighborhoodflatflat 平的，瘪的平的，瘪的 flat tireflat tire 公寓公寓(=(=apartment)condo,studioapartment)condo,studiobond=depositbond=depositlin

29、enlinen 亚麻的亚麻的 亚麻织品，亚麻织品，床单床单(=bed linen)(=bed linen)1010utensilutensil 器皿器皿stationerystationery 文具文具(v.s.stationary)(v.s.stationary)laundrylaundry 洗衣，洗衣店洗衣，洗衣店cafeteriacafeteria 自助餐厅自助餐厅 canteen canteencatercater 满足满足(需要需要)aerobicsaerobics 有氧健身操有氧健身操“aero”:air“aero”:airbadmintonbadminton 羽毛球羽毛球(运动运

30、动)baseballbaseball 棒球棒球 baseball batbaseball batsquashsquash 壁球壁球(运动运动)amateur professionalamateur professionalgatheringgathering 聚会聚会 v.s.meeting,reunionv.s.meeting,reunionexcursionexcursion 远足远足(=outing,expedition)(=outing,expedition)commonwealthcommonwealth 共和国，联邦共和国，联邦Commonwealth:Commonwealth:英

31、联邦英联邦tertiarytertiary 第三的第三的 After purchasing aAfter purchasing ahouse and a car,the next major lifehouse and a car,the next major lifeexpenditure is almost certainly the cost ofexpenditure is almost certainly the cost oftertiary education.primary tertiary education.primary secondary secondary terti

32、arytertiarypost-post-secondary“post”:secondary“post”:afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwarpostwar1111illiterateilliterate 文盲文盲 不识字的不识字的 il(no)+il(no)+literate(words)literate(words)illiteracy(literacy)illiteracy(literacy)disciplinediscipline 学科，纪律学科

33、，纪律 v.s.subjectv.s.subjectterminologyterminology 术语术语faculty department and staff of afaculty department and staff of acollege/universitycollege/universitydean(dean(大学大学)教务长教务长curriculumcurriculum 课程课程(=course)(=course)extracurricularextracurricular 课外的课外的syllabussyllabus 课程提纲课程提纲calendarcalendar 日历

34、，日程日历，日程(schedule,(schedule,agenda,timetable)agenda,timetable)compulsorycompulsory 强制的，必修的强制的，必修的 elective elective(选修的选修的)examiner examinee take/sit,examiner examinee take/sit,pass/get through,fail,retake/resitpass/get through,fail,retake/resitrecruitrecruit 招生，招募招生，招募 recruitment=enroll recruitmen

35、t=enrollprestigeprestige 声望，威信声望，威信 prestigious prestigiousesteemesteem 尊敬尊敬(n.&v.)your esteemed(n.&v.)your esteemedschool/companyschool/companyaptitudeaptitude 智力智力 SAT:School AptitudeSAT:School AptitudeTestTest1212matriculationmatriculation 录取入学录取入学vocationvocation 职业职业(=calling,occupation,(=calli

36、ng,occupation,career)career)vocationalvocational education vocationalvocational educationTAFE Technical And Further EducationTAFE Technical And Further Education(Australian)(Australian)abbreviationabbreviation 缩略缩略(词词)abridge()abridge(缩短，缩短，删删节节)transferable(transferable(学分等学分等)可转换的可转换的scholarshipsc

37、holarship 奖学金奖学金=fellowship=fellowshiptutorialtutorial 辅导辅导(课课)tutor(=lecturer,tutor(=lecturer,instructor)instructor)pedagoguepedagogue 教员，教员，学究学究 pedagogy(pedagogy(教育教育学，教学法学，教学法)demagogue()demagogue(政治煽动家政治煽动家)lexicographylexicography 词典编撰词典编撰(lexicographer)lexicographer)assignmentassignment 任务，任务

38、，(课外课外)作业作业dissertationdissertation 论文论文(=thesis)(=thesis)credentialcredential 证明，文凭证明，文凭“cred”:“cred”:creditlinguistic credentialscreditlinguistic credentialsalumnialumni 校友校友(男男)alumnae)alumnaeoverestimateoverestimate 高估高估(underestimate)(underestimate)1313decipherdecipher 解码，解释解码，解释(=(=decode)deci

39、pher workplace culturedecode)decipher workplace culturecalibercaliber 才干才干雅思阅读分类词汇雅思阅读分类词汇环境类环境类conservationconservation 保护，保存保护，保存(conserve)v.s.conserve)v.s.conversationconversationenvironmentalist=conservationistenvironmentalist=conservationistacidacid 酸酸 酸的酸的(alkali)acid rain(alkali)acid raincarb

40、oncarbon 碳碳(C)v.s.charcoal(C)v.s.charcoal(炭炭)carbon)carbondioxide,carbon monoxidedioxide,carbon monoxidefume exhaust fumesv.s.smoke,fog,fume exhaust fumesv.s.smoke,fog,smogsmogpetroleumpetroleum 石油石油 petrol(BE)=petrol(BE)=gasoline/gas(AE)gasoline/gas(AE)unleaded petrol/gas unleaded petrol/gasozoneoz

41、one 臭氧臭氧(o+zone)ozone layer(o+zone)ozone layeroozeooze 渗出渗出 渗出物渗出物radiationradiation 辐射辐射ultraviolet(UV)radiationultraviolet(UV)radiationradioactiveradioactivegreenhousegreenhouse 温室温室 greenhousegreenhouseeffect/gaseseffect/gases1414solarsolar 太阳的太阳的(solar energy)lunar(solar energy)lunar(lunar calen

42、dar)(lunar calendar)phenomenonphenomenon 现象现象catastrophe=disaster,cataclysmcatastrophe=disaster,cataclysmdeteriorationdeterioration 恶化恶化(deteriorate)deteriorate)extinctionextinction 灭绝灭绝(extinct)extinct)species endangered speciesspecies endangered speciesdroughtdrought 干旱干旱(“(“找它找它”)famine v.s.”)fam

43、ine v.s.floodingfloodingrecurrentrecurrent 反复发生的反复发生的 re+(oc)cur+re+(oc)cur+rentv.s.concurrentrentv.s.concurrentinundateinundate 淹没淹没 “淹掉它淹掉它”embankmentembankment 筑堤筑堤(em+bank+ment)(em+bank+ment)sedimentsediment 沉积沉积(物物)=deposit)=depositdeltadelta 三角洲三角洲 the Pearl River Deltathe Pearl River Deltaall

44、uvialalluvial 冲积的冲积的desertification desertification desert(v.s.dessert)desert(v.s.dessert)dust-stormdust-storm 沙尘暴沙尘暴 thunderstorm,thunderstorm,brainstormbrainstormbarrenbarren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的贫瘠的，不育的，无效的dune sand dunethe game“DUNE”!dune sand dunethe game“DUNE”!attributableattributable 归因于归因于 be attribut

45、able tobe attributable to1515deforestationdeforestation 滥砍滥伐滥砍滥伐(森林森林)de+forest)de+forest+ation afforestation/reforestation+ation afforestation/reforestationloglog 原木，日志原木，日志 伐木伐木 v.s.logov.s.logovegetationvegetation 植物，植被植物，植被 v.s.vegetable,v.s.vegetable,vegetarianvegetarianhabitathabitat 栖息地栖息地 ha

46、bit(Habit is the habit(Habit is thesecond nature.)second nature.)ecosystemecosystem 生态系统生态系统(eco+system)(eco+system)ecologyecologyviability viable“vi”:lifeviability viable“vi”:life养育能力养育能力 OneOnetool for assessing the impact of forestry ontool for assessing the impact of forestry onthe ecosystem is

47、population viabilitythe ecosystem is population viabilityanalysis.analysis.demographicdemographic 人口统计的人口统计的 demo(people)demo(people)+graph(write)+ic+graph(write)+icinterdependence inter+dependenceinterdependence inter+dependencecounterbalancecounterbalance 使平衡，弥补使平衡，弥补(=offset)counter(against)+bala

48、nce(=offset)counter(against)+balancemechanismmechanism 机理，机制机理，机制precipitationprecipitation 陡降，陡降，降水降水(precipice)precipice)evaporationevaporationcirculationcirculation 流通，循环流通，循环1616tide tide tidal wave(tidal wave(海啸海啸)ebb)ebb lavaeruption lavagranitegranite 花岗岩花岗岩imminent=impending v.s.eminentimmin

49、ent=impending v.s.eminentCelsiusCelsius 摄氏的摄氏的 37OCv.s.centigrade37OCv.s.centigradeFahrenheitFahrenheit 华氏的华氏的latitudelatitude 纬度纬度(另另)longitude,altitude)longitude,altitudetropical tropical (the)tropicstropical/torrid(the)tropicstropical/torridzone,temperate zone,frigid zonezone,temperate zone,frigi

50、d zoneglacierglacier 冰川冰川dumpdump 倾倒，倾销倾倒，倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumpingcontaminatecontaminate 弄脏弄脏(contaminant)contaminant)recyclerecycle 回收再利用回收再利用irreversibleirreversible 不可逆的不可逆的(=irrevocable)(=irrevocable)reclaimreclaim 开垦，改造开垦，改造 reclamation reclamation1717contentiouscontentious 有争议的有争议的(contend