新概念英语第二册笔记-第77课.pdf

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1、.1/10 Lesson 77A successful operation 一例成功的手术 Text The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C.has just had an operation.The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy,doctors have been trying to

2、find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.The only way to do this was to operate.The operation,which lasted for over four hours,proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory.They also found

3、something which the X-ray plates did not show:a small wax figure of the god Duamutef.This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy.The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open,but fortunately this

4、has not happened.The mummy successfully survived the operation.课文翻译 死于公元前 800 年的一位埃与妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术.这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊.由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的 X 光片子上有点奇怪的斑点,所以,医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病.搞清的唯一办法就是手术.手术持续了 4 个多小时,非常难做,因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂.医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片,送去化验.他们还发现了 X 光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像.这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内

5、.医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因.他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后,它会散成碎片,但幸运得很,这种情况并未发生.这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术.New words and expressions 生词和短语 生词讲解 1.mummy 1 n 儿语妈妈 mummies复数 mommy 2 n 木乃伊 eg:I was not,however,pleased by The Mummy Returns,although the movie was so famous at that time.虽然木乃伊归来这部电影在那时很出名,然而我并不是很喜欢.2.Egyptian adj.埃与的 Egyptian

6、adj 埃与的 eg:Yet the Egyptian president seems to have no intention of stepping down.但是这位埃与总统似乎没有退休的意思.Egypt n 埃与国名 mummy n.木乃伊 Egyptian adj.埃与的 temple n.庙 mark n.斑点 plate n.照相底片 disease n.疾病 last v.持续 prove v.显示出 resin n.树脂 skin n.皮肤 section n.切片 figure n.人的体形；人像 normally adv.通常地 survive v.幸免于.2/10 eg

7、:He has gotten us out of Egypt,but here we are in the wilderness.他带领我们离开埃与,但是我们现在处在荒野.Cairo 开罗埃与首都 eg:I travelled from Cairo to Cape Town in 2002.20#,我从开罗一路旅行到了开普敦.Egyptian n 埃与人 3.temple 1 庙,寺院 the Shaolin temple 少林寺 2 古希腊,罗马,埃与的神殿 a Greek temple 希腊神殿 3 殿堂 the temple of art 艺术的殿堂 4 太阳穴 4.mark 1 n 斑

8、点,瑕疵 eg:He wet feet left marks on the floor.他湿淋淋的脚在地板上留下印迹.2记号,符号 make a mark 做记号 make marks on the wall with a chalk 用粉笔在墙上做记号 punctuation marks 标点符号 3分数,得分 grade美 school marks 学校的成绩 get good marks in English 英语的成绩很高 gain high marks in maths 数学考试取得好成绩 eg:On your marks!Get set!Go!v 做记号于,留下痕迹于,弄脏 eg:

9、She marked the important words with a red pencil.她用红笔把重要的词汇做了标记.a face marked with worries 面带愁容 eg:She marked her initials on her handkerchief.她把#的首字母做记号在手帕上.5 v 留下痕迹,留下伤痕 eg:This floor marks very easily.这个地板很容易留下脏痕.eg:The teacher marked more than 80 exam papers.老师改了 80 分以上的试卷.5.plate 1 n n 菜的一盘份,一人

10、份的菜.3/10 a plate of meat 一盘肉 eg:The dinner cost 50 dollars a plate.这顿饭每人花费 50 美元.have a person on a plate=give a person on a plate 轻而易举地给某人 have a lot on ones plate=have too much on ones plate 有很多太多该做的事情 7.disease n 病,疾病 eg:He is suffering from heart disease.他患有心脏病.cure a disease 治疗疾病 stomach diseas

11、e 胃病 这个单词的构成：dis否定的前缀+ease 延续,持续 eg:Our vacation lasts 20 days.我们的假期延续了 20 天.eg:The rainy season lasts until July.雨季一直延续到 7 月份.2 耐久,支持 eg:This coat has lasted well.这件外衣经久耐用.eg:He lasted for five days underground.他在地底下撑了 5 天.3 熬过时间；度过,足够维持到某期间 eg:The patient isnt expected to last the night.没人认为那位病人会熬

12、的过晚上.eg:The food will last us three days.这些食物够我们用三天.eg:The money will last us three days.这些钱够我们用三天.last out足够维持到期间,支撑 eg:The gasoline wont last out till we get to New York.汽油不能够维持到我们到纽约了.lasting adj 持久的,连续性的 a lasting peace 持久的和平 9.prove 1 v 证明to give proof of,show to be true eg:He has proved his co

13、urage in battle.他在战役中证明了他的勇气.eg:I wasnt in London on May 3rd.Can you prove that to the court?五月三日我不在伦敦.你能在法庭上证明这一点吗？2 v 实验to test eg:In order to prove the servants honesty,she left a bag containing money on the table.为了试探仆人是否诚实,她把一个装有钱的包留在桌子上.3 显示出 eg:On the long journey,he proved himself to be an a

14、musing companion.在漫长的旅途中间,他显示出自己是一个开心果.4/10 proof 1 n 证明 eg:I believe what you say:I dont want any proof.我相信你说的话,不需要任何证明.2 adj 防.的,耐的 eg:This tent material is proof against water.这个帐篷的材料是防水的.n+proof=防的,耐的 waterproof adj 防水的 bulletproof adj 防弹的 soundproof adj 隔音的 10.resin n 树脂,人造树脂 resin eg:The insec

15、t in the resin seems alive.树脂里的昆虫看起来象活的.raisin n 葡萄干 eg:You can also make raisin scones.你也可以做葡萄干烤饼.11.skin 1 n n 兽皮,毛皮 many skins needed to make a fur cast 做一件裘皮大衣需要很多毛皮 a coat made of sheepskin 羊皮大衣 3 某些果实或蔬菜的外皮,皮 banana skins 香蕉片 onion skins 洋葱皮 save ones skin 逃命,免受损害 get under someones skin 使某人恼怒

16、,惹怒某人 skin and bone 很瘦,皮包骨 eg:Youre all skin and bones,son;Dont they feed you well at school?孩子,你瘦成皮包骨头了,难道学校里伙食不好吗？under the skin 在内心里,在肚子里 12.section 1 n 切片 a very thin flat piece cut from skin,plant growth,etc,to be looked at under a microscope 2 区域,部门,阶层,段落,章节 the business section of a city 城市的商

17、业区 all sections of a country 全国各界 all sections of the population 全国各阶层 the section of an office dealing with record-keeping 负责档案管理的部门 sports section 体育版面 3 剖面,截面.5/10 13.figure 1 n 人像,画像 eg:A group of figures on the left of the picture.在照片左边的一群人.2 体型 do exercises to improve ones figure 做运动以改进身材 body

18、 n 人本身,画家会使用 body 表示身材 figure 身材,尤其指穿上衣服而言 eg:She has a good figure.她的身材很好.eg:She has a bad figure.她身材不好.eg:She has a lovely figure.她的身材非常好.3 要人,名士相当于 VIP eg:He was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history.他是印度历史上政界和#界的要人.4 数字 5 cut quite a figure 露头角,放异彩,仪表甚佳 cut a poor figure 给人不好

19、的印象,出丑,露拙相 14.normally 1 adv 正常地 behaving normally in spite of anxiety 尽管很担心,但表现正常 a normally active child 活泼正常的孩子 2 adv 通常地 eg:I normally go to bed early,but I stayed up late last night.我通常很早睡觉,但是昨天晚上我熬夜了.stay up late 熬夜 normal 1)adj 正常的,一般的 normal working hours from 9 to 5 9 点到 5 点的正常工作时间 normal t

20、emperatures 正常温度 normal temperatures during November 11 月份的正常温度 2 指人正常发展的,身心正常的 a normal child in every way 各方面都很正常的孩子 normalize v 尤其指国家之间的关系正常化 eg:Relations were slow to nomarlize after the war.战后国家关心正常化很慢.15.survive 1 v 死里逃生,大难不死 eg:We survived,though others died in the accident.尽管其他人在事故中丧生了,我们死里逃

21、生.2 经历之后还活着 eg:We survived the accident.我们幸免于难.eg:She survived her sons.6/10 她的儿子都先她去世了.survivor n 死里逃生者,生还者,残存者 survival n 幸存,生还,死里逃生 hopes of survival 逃生的希望 课文讲解 1.The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C.has just had an operation.定语从句：who died in 800 B.C.修饰 an Egyptian woman 死于公元前 800 年

22、的一位埃与妇女 B.C.公元前 eg:Julius Caesar died in 44 B.C.Julius Caesar 死于公元前 44 年.A.D.n u 工作,操作 eg:The operation of a big new machine can be hard to learn.一部大型新机器的操作室很难学会的.2 n c 工作,行动 begin operations 开展业务 a difficult operation 一项艰巨的行动 2.The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of T

23、hebes.As there were strange marks onthe X-ray plates taken of the mummy,doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.定语从句：the mummy is that of Shepenmut,这是 Shapenmut 木乃伊,那么 Shapenmut 是何许人也,后面的定语从句告诉我们,who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes 曾在 Thebes 神殿做过歌手的 Sh

24、apenmut 的木乃伊 X-Ray plates X 光片子 taken of the mummy,taken 是 take 的过去分词,整个过去分词短语作定语修饰 X-ray plates,给木乃伊拍摄的 X 光片.have been trying 现在完成进行时,一直试图 Whether the woman died of a rare disease 是否这位妇女死于一种罕见的疾病.Whether 引导的宾语从句做 findout 的宾语从句.take the plates of 给拍片子 take a picture of sb 给照相 find out 1查出,揭露 eg I wo

25、nt tell you-you must find out for yourself.我不会告诉你的,你必须自己去发现真相.7/10 2揭发恶行 eg Ive found you out at last,you cheat!我终于把你揭发了,骗子！3 美寻找某人 to find out ones relatives in China 寻找在中国的亲戚 find v 得知,发觉,查出 find the answer to a question 找出问题的答案 eg：Please find what time they are coming.请弄清楚他们什么时候来.eg I find that I

26、 have plenty of time now.我发觉我现在有很多时间.die of 死于内因 die of a fever 死于高烧 die of thirst 干渴而死 die in an acceident 死于事故 die by drowning 溺水而死 die from a wound 死于外伤 die by ones own hand 自杀 die hard 指旧观念,习俗等一时很难根除,消失 3.The only way to do this was to operate.The operation,which lasted for over four hours,prove

27、d to be very difficultbecause of the hard resin which covered the skin.The only way to do this was to operate 搞清楚的唯一方法就是做手术 to do this 是不定式做定语修饰 the only way.定语从句：The operation,which lasted for over four hours.which 引导的非限定性定语从句修饰 operation 延续了四个多小时的手术 定语从句：which covered the skin 引导定语从句修饰 hard resin

28、裹着皮肤的硬硬的树脂 prove to be+adj/ture out to be 显示出 skin n 皮肤 eg:Hard resin covered the skin.裹着皮肤的硬硬的树脂.leather n 皮革 eg:This briefcase is made of leather.这个公文包是皮革做的.complexion n 肤色 eg:Look at her rosy cheeks.She has a lovely complexion.看她那玫瑰色的面颊,她的肤色真的太美了.4.The doctors removed a section of the mummy and s

29、ent it to a laboratory.They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show:a small wax figure of the god Duamutef.a section of the mummy 木乃伊的一个切片 which 引导的定语从句修饰 something,意思是他们还发现一些东西,什么东西呢？定语从句给出答案,X 光片所没有显示出来的东西 Duamutef 是古希腊神话中的一个神.8/10 wax n 蜡 adj 蜡制的 candle n 蜡烛 a wax candle 蜡烛 wax f

30、igure 蜡像 6.This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy.定语从句,which has the head of a caw 修饰 god,意思是有着牛头的神像 7.The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces whenthey cut it open,but fortunately this has not happened.how 引

31、导一句话是宾语从句,做动词 decide 的宾语,意思是医生们至今还没有弄清楚这位妇女的死因 fear v 担心,恐怕 fear that从句担心,恐怕 eg:I fear well be late.我担心我们会迟到的.for fear that以免,因恐fear 是名词,因为 for 是介词,后面只能跟名词或者动名词 eg:Shut the window for fear it may rain.关掉窗子,以免下雨.fall to pieces 散掉,成为碎片 cutopen 把切开 cut v 拍电影时停拍 eg:Cut!shouted the director.停导演叫着.cut and

32、 run 俚语逃跑 8.The mummy successfully survived the operation.survive 幸存,这里寓意没有因为手术被弄的支离破碎.关键词组摘录 1.had an operation 2.take the plates of 3.find out 4.die of 5.rare disease Key Structures 一般过去时/现在完成时/现在完成进行时 一般过去时-表示过去某事发生的动作或处于的状态 eg:The Egyptian woman died in 800 B.C.这位埃与妇女死于公元前 800 年.时间状语是 800B.C.是明确

33、的过去时间,搭配一般过去时 died 现在完成时-过去某个动作对现在存在的影响,或过去动作一直延续到现在还能延续下去 eg:The doctors havent yet decided how the woman died.医生们至今还未能确定这位妇女的死因.至今未确定几一直延续现在,而且还要延续下去.现在完成进行时构成：have/has been doing 6.prove to be 7.wax figure 8.fall to pieces 9.survived the operation .9/10 含义：强调过去动作一直延续到现在,一直发生着,过去动作对现在存在着影响.eg:They

34、 have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.他们一直试图搞清楚这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病.have been trying to 一直试图,即动作一直发生着 Exercises:用 since,for,或 ago 填空 1 He stayed with us for two weeks.他和我们呆了 2 个星期.2 She arrived two weeksago.她 2 周之前到达的.3 I have not seen him since Monday.自从礼拜一我就没看到他.4 He ha

35、s been ringing up continuallysince lunchtime.从午餐起他一直在不停的打 .5 We waited for ages.我们等了很长时间.6 He left a monthago and I have not seen him since then.7 It has not rainedsince March.8 My grandparents lived here a long timeago.我的祖父母很久以前住在这里.9 I have not heard from him since 1993.自从 1993 年开始我就没有收到他的信.10 We

36、have been working on this new plane for over a year now.我们在新的飞机上工作已经长达一年多了.Special difficulties Vocabulary 1.Even though she is old,she still has a good skin.2.These seat covers are made of leather.3.A babysskin is very soft.4.It is pleasant to have a meal bycandle light.5.Homer lived around 800B.C.

37、Exercises 1.What did the woman die of?How did the woman die?Die of表示死因的意思,表原因,它后面跟的名词往往表示死的原因.A How B Where C What D When 2.It was difficult because of the hard resin covering the skin.题干的意思是它很困难是因为裹着皮肤的坚硬的树脂.需要构成定语修饰hard resin,什么样的树脂呢？裹着皮肤的坚硬的树脂 A covered 过去分词,也可做定语,但表示被动的含义,不符合逻辑 B which covering

38、语法错误,应该是which was covering.10/10 C in covering 是介词短语,不能构成定语 D covering covering the skin是现在分词短语,相当于定语从句which was covered 或者which was covering.这题考察的是现在分词做定语,含有主动的,进行的意思；而过去分词做定语则含有被动的完成概念.3.They wanted to know if the woman had died of rareillness.A illness n 疾病 B pain C ache D hurt BCD 都有表示疼痛的意思 4 She seemed marked out for political success from an early age.A marked up 标高的价格 B.marked off 划分出 C.marked out 使注意要 Dmarked down 记下