2021届上海民办华育中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届上海民办华育中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Unique Lighthouses August 7 is National Lighthouse Day.Its a day to celebrate the lights that guide us home and the historic importance of lighthouses and their keepers,who not only guided

2、 ships into harbor but also played key roles in naval battles across the globe.Check out these fantastic lighthouses across the globe as well as recommendations on the best places to stay near them.Cape Byron Lighthouse,Byron Bay,Australia The Cape Byron Lighthouse in Byron Bay,Australia was built i

3、n the early 20th century to help protect the Australian coastline.Today,its a beautiful location to watch the sunrise.Within walking distance is the Watermark,a perfect place to stay and get some much-needed rest and relaxation from daily life.Lighthouse of Chania,Crete,Greece The Lighthouse of Chan

4、ia,Crete is one of the oldest surviving lighthouses in the world,dating back to the sixteenth century.Travelers can take a walk along its long pier(码头)during the sunset.Located near the pier to the lighthouse is a hotel from 1890,which offers beautiful views of the bay.Key West Lighthouse,Key West,F

5、lorida,USA The Key West Lighthouse was built in 1825 to help guide ships entering the port.Travelers can enjoy climbing up the lighthouse to reach the wonderful sea views and can stay at the Kimpton Lighthouse Hotel,with easy access to the lighthouse and the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum.Pigeon P

6、oint Lighthouse,Pescadero,California,USA The Pigeon Point Lighthouse in Pescadero,California was built in1871 to help ships navigate(导航)the regions dangerous coastline.Today,the lighthouse is a state landmark,and the quarters where the lighthouse keepers lived have been turned into a hostel,making i

7、t a great home base to explore the outdoors,spot whales and watch the stars.1.Why is National Lighthouse Day celebrated?A.To show the hard life of lighthouse keepers.B.To instruct how to guide ships into harbor.C.To honor lighthouses and their keepers.D.To stress the importance of light.2.Of the fol

8、lowing lighthouses,which is the oldest?A.Cape Byron Lighthouse.B.Lighthouse of Chania.C.Key West Lighthouse.D.Pigeon Point Lighthouse.3.What do the listed lighthouses have in common?A.They are all located in the USA.B.They have becometourist attractions.C.They offer accommodation to visitors.D.They

9、are good spots to watch the sunrise.B Youve probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day,and as a general rule of thumb,that more is often defined as around 10,000 steps.With many Americans tracking their stepsvia new fitness-tracking wearables,or even just by carrying t

10、heir phone,more and more people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living.Dr.Dreg Hager,professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins,decided to take a closer look at that 10,000-step rule,and he found that usingitas a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.“It turns o

11、ut that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man,when he walked 10,000 steps a day burned something like 3,000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10,000 steps as a number”Hager said.According to Hager,asking everyone to shoo

12、t for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions,making it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise,even if its walking.The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others.He also noted that those with shorter le

13、gs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance.It seems that 10,000 steps may be suitable for the latter.A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promot

14、e longevity(长寿).The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72.Researchers found that women who took 4,400 steps per day were about 40%less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years:Interestingly,women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got

15、 no extra boost in longevity.4.What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.The phone recording.B.The 10,000-step rule.C.The healthy living.D.The fitness-tracking method.5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.How many steps a Japanese walks.B.How we calculate the number of steps.C

16、.If burning 3,000 calories daily is scientific.D.Where 10,000 steps a day came from.6.Who will probably benefit from 10,000 steps each day according toHager?A.Senior citizens.B.Young short-legged people.C.Healthy long-legged people D.Weak individuals.7.How many steps may the researchers suggest seni

17、or citizens take each day?A.4,400 steps.B.10,000 steps.C.2,700 steps.D.7,500 steps.C Kamikatsu,a small town in Japan,has shown the world that our garbage has far-reaching effects,and not just on our environment.Theexperiment in going zero waste started when the town built a new incinerator 20 years

18、ago.But almost immediately,the incinerator was determined to be a health risk due to the poisonous gases when garbage was burned in it.It was too expensive to send waste to other towns,so locals had to come up with a new plan.Then the Zero Waste Academy was born,which helped perform this plan.Now Ka

19、mikatsu people separate their waste into 45 different categories.But in the beginning,it wasnt easy to convince local people to do all this work,and there was somepushback.Only after that initial education period did most residents come on board.This is all great news for waste reduction of course,b

20、ut it has also had some unexpected social benefits as well.Like much of Japan,Kamikatsus population is aging,and about 50 percent of the locals are elderly.The fact that the whole community takes their trash in to be recycled has created a local action and interaction between generations.That idea h

21、as been purposefully expanded to include a circular shop where household goods are dropped off and others can take them,and a tableware library where people can borrow extra cups,glasses,silverware and plates for celebrations.The elderly see this not as a waste-collection service,but an opportunity

22、to socialize with the younger generation and to chat.When we visit them,they prepare lots of food and we stay with them for a while,we ask how they are,Sakano,the founder of the Zero Waste Academy,said.Sakanos ideas are truly revolutionary if you think about it.Shes proving that community can be fou

23、nd through handling the stuff we no longer want and need.8.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?A.What harmful effects garbage burning has.B.Why garbage sorting is necessary in Japan.C.How the idea of zero waste was put forward.D.What the Zero Waste Academy functions as.9.What does the underli

24、ned word pushback probably mean?A.Inactive response.B.Generous reward.C.Bitter suffering.D.Beneficial guidance.10.What is a bonus of the zero waste project?A.Reducing waste.B.Creating community.C.Increasing peoples income.D.Developing a new technology.11.Which part of a newspaper is this text most l

25、ikely from?A.Technology.B.Health.C.Workplace.D.Lifestyle.D Hardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global Souths landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste)currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to incre

26、ase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghanas capital,Accra.It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling

27、 process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,howev

28、er,circumventsregulations by exporting e-waste labelled as secondhand goods to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising:smartphones contain chemicals like

29、 mercury（水银）,lead and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly,one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level thats about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,th

30、ese poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all,since some ofGhanas top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustaina

31、ble recycling system at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone,as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware,especially when governments green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can

32、fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair,reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral 12.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across

33、Ghana.B.Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycle C.Electronic products need to be improved urgently D.Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie 13.What does the underlined word circumventsin Paragraph 3 mean?A.Abolishes B.Tightens C.Brings in D.Gets around 14.What should

34、 be the best concern according to the text?A.The thread of polluted food around the world B.The damage of chickens immune system C.The lack of diversity inGhanas exports D.The violation of EFSAs standards 15.What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A.Manufacturers devel

35、oping a sustainable hardware economy B.Governments adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C.Reducing customers demands for electronic products D.Manufacturers urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

36、多余选项 Travelling is a very enjoyable experience as it provides an opportunity to see new things._16_The following article discusses the advantages of traveling.Traveling gives you the opportunity to disconnect from your regular life.People all have crazy schedules,work and a family to take care of,an

37、d traveling alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are to you._17_ Another great benefit is the relaxation you get._18_When you come back you feel energetic and you are happy to be back to your daily routine._19_They will create

38、a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens to the friendship/relationship.You can create photo albums and when you feel nostalgic(对往事怀恋的)you can experience the trips again by looking at your pictures.Its never been this cheap to travel.With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might

39、be coming to an end._20_ With the Internet and all the new technology,you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it.You can choose your budget,the duration of the trip and what you want to do.A.Its nice to enjoy a stress-free time.B.As the saying goes,you never know what you have until you lose

40、 it.C.When traveling with friends or family it creates memories of a lifetime.D.Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting.E.Going on a trip means that you are most likely going to spend time outside.F.However,there are still many budget airlines fighting for your

41、dollar right now.G.There are many benefits other than enjoying yourself that can be realized when you travel.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 In the 1960s,Douglas McGregor,one of the key thinkers in the art of management,developed the mow

42、famous Theory X and Theory Y.Theory X is the idea that people instinctively dislike work and will do anythingto_21_it.Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives.Theory Y is the view that everyone has the_22_to find satisfaction in wor

43、k.Both of them are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation,and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity(僵化）of the model.In any case,despite so much evidence to the_23_,many managers still agree to Theory X.They believe,_24_,that their employees need consta

44、nt supervision if they are to work effectively,or that decisions must be imposed fromabove without_25_.This,of course,makes for autocratic(专制的)managers.Different cultures have different ways of managing people.Unlike_26_management,some cultures,particularly in Asia,are well known for the consultativ

45、e_27_of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to_28_to this process.This is management by the collective opinion.Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things,which are based on general_29_.Some experts say that women will become more eff

46、ective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional_30_managers cannot.A recent trend has been to_31_employees to use their own initiative,to makedecisions on their own without asking managers first.This empowerment(授权)has been part of the trend towar

47、ds downsizing:_32_the number of management layers in companies.After de-layering in this way,a company may be_33_with just a top levelof senior managers,front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.Empowerment takes the idea of delegation(委托)much further than has_34_been the

48、 case.Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to_35_that the overall business plan is being followed,and that operations become more profitable under the new organization,_36_less.Another trend is off-site or_37_management,where teams of people_38_by e-mail and the Internet w

49、ork on projects from their own houses.Project managers_39_the performance of the team members_40_what they produce for projects,rather than the amount of time they spend on them.21.A.neglect B.avoid C.overwhelm D.emphasize 22.A.potential B.privilege C.principle D.perseverance 23.A.contrary B.measure

50、 C.extent D.extreme 24.A.vice versa B.by coincidence C.for instance D.or else 25.A.procedure B.consultation C.submission D.regulation 26.A.irreplaceable B.ridiculous C.democratic D.authoritarian 27.A.domain B.nature C.quantity D.alternative 28.A.sacrifice B.subscribe C.contribute D.cater 29.A.approv