2023年清华大学博士英语入学考试完型.pdf

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1、2023 年清华大学博士考试完型填空 清华大学博士题中完型填空是在一篇难度适中旳短文中设置 20 个空白，短文长约300350 个词，从四个给出旳选项中选出一种最佳答案；选项可以是一种单词，也可以是一种短语。文章多为阐明文和记叙文 完型填空是一项综合性旳测试，也成为 The use of English。它是从语篇旳水平上测试考生综合运用语言知识，测试词汇、语法、词组、句型及文章旳整体构造。重要是规定考生在全面理解短文旳基础上，选择一种最佳答案，可以使短文旳意思连贯、构造完整、合理。因此需要注意语意、构造、逻辑和常使用方法旳关系。基本规定：1）词汇和短语 2）语法知识 3）理解能力 应试规定：

2、理解命题、有一定旳题量、应试方略。Sample 1 Double Income and No Kids(DINK)becomes fashionable in China.The DINK couples are usually regarded as those who have higher educations and _31_ careers with higher incomes.The increase in DINK families has shattered the Chinese traditional idea of the family and _32_ typical

3、.A survey conducted recently in Beijing by a market survey company _33_ that about 3.3 percent of 1,300 surveyed families in Beijing said they have _34_ plans to have children.It is estimated there are about 600,000 DINK families in large cities like Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,and Chongqing.Why they c

4、hoose such a lifestyle is concluded in _35_ reasons.Some are showing great worry for the rapid growth of population;some are indulged in building a more well-off family;some are showing sharp _36_ to get themselves free from the obligation of raising children._37_,most people still believe it is nec

5、essary to bear a child to keep the family line on.As an old Chinese saying goes,there are three aspects in failing to be a filial son and the _38_ serious one is to have no heir for the family.So childless couples will suffer discrimination _39_ family members and neighbors.But it is clear that the

6、new tide of ideas has come,which suggests young people _40_ to choose their own way of life.They are installing modern ideas into traditional families and society.In the modernization process,personal choices will be highly respected.31.A.stable B.available C.achievable D.liable 32.A.had become B.ma

7、y become C.became D.becomes 33.A.directed B.induced C.indicated D.dictated 34.A.no B.not C.hardly D.scarcely 35.A.elegant B.abundant C.similar D.various 36.A.tension B.attention C.intention D.interaction 37.A.Moreover B.However C.According D.Generally 38.A.most B.more C.latest D.less 39.A.into B.to

8、C.at D.from 40.A.wanted B.should want C.want D.had wanted Sample 2 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.67 a long reading assignment is given,instructors expect students to be familiar with the 68 in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or

9、take an examination.The 69 student is considered to be 70 who is motivated to learn for the sake of 71 ,not the one interested only in getting high grades.Sometimes homework is returned 72 brief written comments but without a grade.Even if a grade is not given,the student is 73 for learning the mate

10、rial assigned.When research is 74 ,the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 75 guidance.It is the 76 responsibility to find books,magazines,and articles in the library.Professors do not have the time to explain 77 a university library works;they expect students,7

11、8 graduate students,to be able to exhaust the reference 79 in the library.Professors will help students who need it,but 80 that their students should not be 81 dependent on them.In the United States professors have many other duties 82 teaching,such as administrative or research work.83 ,the time th

12、at a professor can spend with student outside of class is 84 .If a student has problems with classroom work,the student should either 85 a professor during office hour 86 make an appointment.67 a)If b)Although c)Because d)Since 68 a)suggestion b)context c)abstract d)information 69 a)poor b)ideal c)a

13、verage d)disappointed 70 a)such b)one c)any d)some 71 a)fun b)work c)learning d)prize 72 a)by b)in c)for d)with 73 a)criticized b)innocent c)responsible d)dismissed 74 a)collected b)distributed c)assigned d)finished 75 a)maximum b)minimum c)possible d)practical 76 a)students b)professors c)assistant

14、s d)librarians 77 a)when b)what c)why d)how 78 a)particularly b)essentially c)obviously d)rarely 79 a)selections b)collections c)sources d)origins 80 a)hate b)dislike c)like d)prefer 81 a)too b)such c)much d)more 82 a)but b)except c)with d)besides 83 a)However b)Therefore c)Furthermore d)Nevertheles

15、s 84 a)plentiful b)limited c)irregular d)flexible 85 a)greet b)annoy c)approach d)attach 86 a)or b)and c)to d)but Passage 1 The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries.The current annual marriage 56 in the United Statesabout 9 new marr

16、iages for every 1,000 peopleis 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries.However,marriage is 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago.59 of American adults who are married 60 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2023.This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain

17、unmarried 61 their lives.Throughout the 20th century,about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives.Experts 63 that about the same proportion of todays young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century.In 1995 the average age of women in t

18、he United States at the time of their first marriage was 25.The average age of men was about 27.Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s.65 ,young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S.histor

19、y.Todays later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940.Moreover,a greater proportion of the population was married(95 percent)during the 1950s than at any time before 68 .Experts do not agree on why the“marriage rush”of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred,but most social scient

20、ists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.56.A.rate B.ratio C percentage D.poll 57.A.potentially B intentionally C.randomly D.substantially 58 A.not any longer B.no more C.no longer D.not any more 59 A.A proportion B.The pr

21、oportion C.The number D.A number 60 A.declined B.deteriorated C deduced D demolished 61 A past B passing C throughout D through 62 A period B level C point D respect 63 A project B plan C promise D propose 64 A unexpectedly B irregularly C flexibly D consistently 65 A Beside B However C Whereas D Ne

22、vertheless 66 A descendants B ascendants C population D generation 67 A according to B in line with C based D caused by 68 A and after B or after C or since D ever since 69 A refusal B realization C response D reality 70 A repression B aggression C restriction D depression Passage 2 In recent years

23、a new farming revolution has begun,one that involves the 61 of life at a fundamental level the gene.The study of genetics has 62 a new industry called biotechnology.As the name suggest,it 63 biology and modem technology through such techniques as genetic engineering.Some of the new biotech companies

24、 specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to 64 seeds that give a high yield,that 65 diseases,drought and frost,and that reduce the need for 66 chemicals.If such goals could be achieved,it would be most 67.But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.In nature,genetic

25、 diversity is created within certain 68.A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose,but a rose will never cross with a potato.Genetic engineering,69 usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another 70 to transfer a desired characteristic.This could mean,for exam

26、ple,selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze 71 from an artic fish,and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant.72,then,biotechnology allows humans to 73 the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution,74 some call the

27、 gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity-some say even more so 75 geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and 76 culture(培养),processes that produce perfectly 77 copies.Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity,therefore,remain.Genetically altered plants,however,ra

28、ise new 78,such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment.“We are flying blindly into a new 79 of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes,few constraints,and little idea of the potential 80,”said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.61.A.manipulation B.management C.manufacture D.maturit

29、y 62.A.got along with B.given rise to C.come up with D.lived up to 63.A.broods B.breeds C.blends D.blasts 64.A.hatch B.train C.duplicate D.patent 65.A.restrict B.resist C.reverse D.retrieve 66.A.hostile B.hydraulic C.hazardous D.harmless 67.A.beneficial B.disappointing C.surprising D.extreme 68.A.li

30、nes B.limits C.space D.ages 69.A.after all B.on the other hand C.in any case D.as a rest 70.A.to the point B.in no case C.in an attempt D.with regard 71.A.quality B.property C.priority D.quantity 72.A.In essence B.In part C.In advance D.In return 73.A.brake B.blaze C.breach D.brand 74.A.what B.as C.

31、where D.so 75.A.that B.because C.if D.when 76.A.skin B.tissue C.organ D.muscle 77.A.resembling B.alike C.similar D.identical 78.A.issues B.height C.difficulties D.goals 79.A.spot B.era C.deadline D.scheme 80.A.navigation B.mystery C.outcomes D.destination Passage 3 Imagine fishermen walking down to

32、the seashore,ready to carry out their early morning routine of preparing their boats and net._71_ they hope for a good catch of fish.But to their _72_,a horrible sight meets their still sleepy eyes.Thousands of fish have washed _73_ dead.The cause of this mass destruction?A red tide!Red tides are a

33、global _74_.They have been observed on both the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of the United States and Canada.They have also_75_ in many other places.Though relatively few people are _76_ them,red tides are not new.In the Philippines,a red tide was first seen in the province of Bataan in 1908.Sinc

34、e then,red tides have been seen in many other _77_.A Philippines red tide expert told us that _78_ the fish kills,the Philippines has documented 1,926 cases of dead shellfish poisoning caused by red tides.The term red tide _79_ the discoloration of water that sometimes occurs in certain areas of the

35、 ocean or sea.Although the color is often red,it may also be _80_ of brown or yellow.The World Book Encyclopedia reports that the discolored areas may range from _81_ a few square yards to more than 2,600 square kilometers.What causes such discoloration?Red tides are generally caused by several _82_

36、 of singlecelled organisms.These tiny organisms have hairlike projections which they use to _83_ themselves in water.There are about 2,000 varieties of these organisms,30 of which carry poisonous _84_.These minute organisms usually stay in warm waters with high content of salt.A red tide occurs when

37、 there is a sudden and rapid _85_ of these organisms.The concentration of these organisms may _86_ to 50,000,000 per quart of water!Although scientists do not fully understand why this happens.It is known that these organisms _87_ when certain conditions simultaneously affect the water.These include

38、 abnormal weather,_88_ temperatures,an oversupply of nutrients in the water,a generous _89_ sunlight,and favorable water currents.When a heavy rainfall occurs,minerals and other nutrients are sometimes washed _90_ the land into coastal waters.These nutrients can contribute to the breeding of the org

39、anisms.The result?Red tides!71.A.As a result B.As it is C.As expected D.As usual 72.A.satisfaction B.disappointment C.astonishment D.regret 73.A.ashore B.aboard C.aside D.across 74.A.question B.crisis C.phenomenon D.situation 75.A.occupied B.occurred C.acquired D.accused 76.A.assured of B.worried ab

40、out C.concerned about D.aware of 77.A.sandy beaches B.river mouths C.coastal areas D.reef areas 78.A.except B.besides C.despite D.without 79.A.applies to B.sums up C.copes with D.leads to 80.A.shadows B.shades C.shakes D.shapes 81.A,less than B.more than C.as much as D.as little as 82.A.components B

41、.elements C.ingredients D.species 83.A.propel B.probe C.proceed D.prompt 84.A.materials B.substances C.masses D.objects 85.A.bolt B.block C.bloom D.blast 86.A.scale B.plunge C.gauge D.swell 87.A.accelerate B.accommodate C.accumulate D.accompany 88.A.optimum B.minimum C.maximum D.momentum 89.A.means

42、of B.amount of C.way to D.account for 90.A.over B.on C.by D.from Passage 4 With 950 million people,India ranks second to China among the most populous countries.But since China 71 a family planning program in 1971,India has been closing the 72.Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 73

43、the Chinese have.If current growth rates continue,Indias population will 74 Chinas around the year 2028 75 about 1.7 billion.Should that happen,it wont be the 76 of the enlightened women of Kerala,a state in southern India.77 India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year,Keralas population i

44、s virtually 78.The reason is No mystery:nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control,79 about 40%in the entire nation.The difference 80 the emphasis put on health programs,81 birth control,by the state authorities,82 in 1957 became Indias first elected Communist 83.And an educational tra

45、dition and matrilineal(母系旳)customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 84 good schooling.While one in three Indian women is 85,90%of those in Kerala can read and write.Higher literacy rates 86 Family planning.“Unlike our Parents,we know that we can do more for our children if we have 87 of th

46、em,”says Laila Cherian,33,who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor.She has Limited herself 88 three childrenone below the national 89 of four.That kind of restraint(克制；克制)will keep Kerala from putting added 90 on world food supplies.71.A.discovered B.circulated C.launched D.transmitted 72.A.gap B.top

47、C.bit D.bet 73.A.as many as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as much as 74.A.shake B.pass C.rocket D.impress 75.A.on B.in C.at D.for 76.A.force B.fight C.false D.fault 77.A.While B.Since C.Because D.Suppose 78.A.reliable B.stable C.countable D.flexible 79.A.benefited from B.involved with C.compared with

48、D.resulted from 80.A.lies in B.shows off C.results in D.departs from 81.A.reviving B.including C.practicing D.containing 82.A.that B.since C.what D.which 83.A.group B.alliance C.government D.bureau 84.A.equally B.officially C.sharply D.proudly 85.A.cultural B.literate C.native D.responsible 86.A.fos

49、ter B.hamper C.reform D.advocate 87.A.less B.more C.fewer D.better 88.A.in B.at C.as D.to 89.A.statistics B.average C.tendency D.category 90.A.increase B.challenge C.pressure D.complaint Passage 5 Advertising is a form of selling.For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to 5

50、6 others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can 57 .But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 58 the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient.The mass distribution of goods that 59 the development of the railway and h