最新初中英语语法主谓一致.pdf

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1、初中英语语法主谓一致初中英语语法主谓一致初中英语语法主谓一致初中英语语法主谓一致一、主谓一致：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。一、主谓一致：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原那么：语主谓一致必须遵循三原那么：语 法一致原那么，意义一致原那么，就近一致原法一致原那么，意义一致原那么，就近一致原那么。那么。1.1.语法一致原那么：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语语法一致原那么：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用是复数形式，谓语也用 复数形式。复数形式。例如：例如：Tom is a good student.To

2、m is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground.They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。他们经常在操场上踢足球。2.2.意义一致原那么：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复意义一致原那么：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如：例如：My family

3、are having lunch now.My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书这本书 20 20 美元太贵了。美元太贵了。3.3.就近一致原那么：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他就近一致原那么：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。的主语。例如：例如：Not Not onlyonly thethe t

4、eacherteacher butbut alsoalso hishis studentsstudents likelike playingplaying football.football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球。他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、二、主谓一致常考题型：主谓一致常考题型：1.1.单数名词单数名词(代词代词)，不可数名词做

5、主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词，不可数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代代词词)做主语，做主语，谓语用复数形式。谓语用复数形式。2.many a+2.many a+单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多，但谓语要用单数形式。单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多，但谓语要用单数形式。例如：例如：Many a student has been to Shanghai.Many a student has been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。许多学生到过上海。3.more than one+3.more than one+单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。例如：例如

6、：More than one student has ever been to Beijing.More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4.4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，这表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：例如：Two months is a long holiday.Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个长

7、假。两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy.2 0 英镑并不太重。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy.2 0 英镑并不太重。Ten miles isnt aTen miles isnt a long distance.1 0 long distance.1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one.5Five minus four is one.5 减减 4 4 等于等于 1 1。5.5.主语是主语是 each/every+each/every+单数名词单数名词+and(each/

8、every)+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。单数。例如：例如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat.Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。座位。Every man and every woman is at work.Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。每个男人和女人都在工作。6.one and a half+6.one and a half+复数名词做主语

9、，谓语动词用单数形式。复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：例如：One and a half hours is enough.One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。一个半小时足够了。7.7.动词不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。动词不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：例如：To see is to believeTo see is to believe 眼见为实。眼见为实。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.Doing eye exercises is good for yo

10、ur eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。有益。8.a/an+8.a/an+单数名词单数名词+or two+or two 做主语，谓语动词用单数。做主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：例如：A student or two has failed the exam.A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。一两个学生考试不及格。9.9.当主语局部含有当主语局部含有 with with，togethertogether withwith，alongalong withwith，asas wellwell asas，bes

11、idesbesides，exceptexcept，butbut，likelike 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：例如：Mike with his father has been to England.Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing footballMike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜迈克像他

12、的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。欢踢足球。例如：例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers.Both his father and his mother are both teachers.他的爸爸和妈他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。妈都是老师。Tom or Jack is wrong.Tom or Jack is wrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is ok.Either this one or that one is ok.这一个或那一个都行。这一个或那一个都行。16.a

13、 number of+16.a number of+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数；复数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of+the number of+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：例如：A number of famous people were invited to party.A number of famous people were invited to party.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。The number of the students is over eight hundred.T

14、he number of the students is over eight hundred.我们学校的学生数超我们学校的学生数超过过 800 800 人。人。17.17.当当 kind of,pair of,glass of kind of,pair of,glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与谓语与 kind,pair,glass kind,pair,glass 等一致。等一致。例如：This pair of shoes is Toms.这双鞋是汤姆的。例如：This pair of shoes is Toms.这双鞋是汤姆的。T

15、here are two glasses of water on the table.There are two glasses of water on the table.桌上有两杯水。桌上有两杯水。18.the+18.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。数形式。例如：例如：The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.穷人很快乐，富人穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快

16、乐。却过得不快乐。The beautiful lives forever.The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。美是永存的。19.19.以以 here here，therethere 开关的句子，假设主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常开关的句子，假设主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。与临近的主语一致。例如：例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk.There is a book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书，三桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。只钢笔。Here ar

17、e some books and paper for you.Here are some books and paper for you.这是给你的书和纸。这是给你的书和纸。三、三、初中英语“主谓一致难点误区：初中英语“主谓一致难点误区：误区一误区一 误认主语误认主语1.1.倒装句倒装句 BetweenBetween thethe twotwo buildingsbuildings areare a a bigbig tree.tree.Between the twBetween the two buildings is a big tree.o buildings is a big tree

18、.【解析】【解析】第句谓语动词使用第句谓语动词使用 are are，错误地认为，错误地认为 the two buildings the two buildings 是该句是该句的主语，但实的主语，但实际上是介词际上是介词 between between 的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是 a big tree a big tree。因此第句正确。因此第句正确。特别提醒：倒装句的常见结构：副词特别提醒：倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语介词短语+谓语谓语+主语主语2.2.主语之

19、后带有介词短语主语之后带有介词短语 The fruit like apples,oranges are good forThe fruit like apples,oranges are good forourour health.health.TheThe fruitfruit likelike apples,apples,orangesoranges isis goodgood forfor ourour health.health.【解析】【解析】第句误认为第句误认为 apples,oranges apples,oranges 是主语，因此谓语动词用是主语，因此谓语动词用 are are

20、，而，而实际上实际上 the fruit the fruit 才是该句的主语，才是该句的主语，like apples,orangeslike apples,oranges 是介词短语作后是介词短语作后置定语修饰置定语修饰 the fruit the fruit。该句译为“像苹。该句译为“像苹 果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的。因此第句是正确的。有好处的。因此第句是正确的。特别提醒：类似的结构有：主语特别提醒：类似的结构有：主语+with+with/like/like/except/but/together with/except/but/together

21、 with/as well as./as well as.，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。关。3.one of.+3.one of.+名词复数或复数代词名词复数或复数代词There are twenty boys iThere are twenty boys in our class.One of the boys are from Canada.n our class.One of the boys are from Canada.There are twenty boys in our class.One of the bo

22、ys is from Canada.There are twenty boys in our class.One of the boys is from Canada.【解析】【解析】one of the boys one of the boys 的中心词是的中心词是 one one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第句错误的原因主要是把句错误的原因主要是把 the boys the boys 当成了该句的主语。当成了该句的主语。4.4.定语从句定语从句 I like the photos which was taken in Beijing.I like the phot

23、os which was taken in Beijing.I like the photos which were taken in Beijing.I like the photos which were taken in Beijing.【解析】【解析】which which werewere takentaken inin BeijingBeijing 是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词 the thephotosphotos，而，而 which which 本身就代替先行词本身就代替先行词 the photos the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，。

24、因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词造成第句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词 which which 的实质，只是从形式上看它的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。是单数。特别提醒：定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。特别提醒：定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。误区二误区二 被主语的表象迷惑被主语的表象迷惑1.1.看似复数却表单数概念看似复数却表单数概念MathsMaths are my favorite subject.are my favorite subject.Math is my favorite subject.Math is my favorite su

25、bject.【解析】【解析】maths maths 本身是一个以“s结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示本身是一个以“s结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学这一学科，因此第句正确。类似的有：单数概念“数学这一学科，因此第句正确。类似的有：physics,news,physics,news,politics.politics.2.2.看似单数却表复数概念看似单数却表复数概念The police is searching for the robbers.The police is searching for the robbers.The police are searching f

26、or the robThe police are searching for the robbers.bers.【解析】【解析】the the policepolice 译为“警方，译为“警方，表示复数概念，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察，而不是表示“那个警察，因此第句因此第句 正确，类似的词有：正确，类似的词有：people,the+people,the+形容词，形容词，the+the+姓姓+family+family等均表复数概念。等均表复数概念。3.3.名词的单复数同形名词的单复数同形ThereThere areare a a littlelittle sheepsheep eati

27、ngeating grassgrass onon thethe hill.hill.CanCan youyou seesee it?it?ThereThere isis a a littlelittle sheepsheep eatingeating grassgrass onon thethe hill.hill.CanCan youyou s seeee it?it?【解析】【解析】sheep sheep 是一个单复数形式相同的名词，是一个单复数形式相同的名词，由于由于 sheep sheep 之前用的之前用的 a a littlelittle修饰，加修饰，加 上上 Can you see

28、 it Can you see it 中的中的 it it 指代单数，因此指代单数，因此 a little sheep a little sheep 译为译为“一只小绵羊，因此第句正确。“一只小绵羊，因此第句正确。如果将原题改为：如果将原题改为：There There _ bebea few sheep eating grass on the hill.Can you see them?a few sheep eating grass on the hill.Can you see them?那又会怎么样那又会怎么样呢。呢。特别提醒：类似的单复数形式相同的词还有特别提醒：类似的单复数形式相同的

29、词还有 fish,Chinese,Japanese fish,Chinese,Japanese 等，要等，要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。4.4.集合名词集合名词Their family is very happy.Now their family is watching TV.Their family is very happy.Now their family is watching TV.Their family is very happyTheir family is very happy.Now their family are wa

30、tching TV.Now their family are watching TV.【解析】【解析】family family 是一个集合名词，表示整体概念时谓语用单数，表示个体概是一个集合名词，表示整体概念时谓语用单数，表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福，现在全家人正在看电视。因念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福，现在全家人正在看电视。因此第一个此第一个 family family 表示整体概念，译为“家庭，第二个表示整体概念，译为“家庭，第二个 family family 表示个体概表示个体概念，译为“家人，第句正确。念，译为“家人，第句正确。特别提醒：类似的还有特

31、别提醒：类似的还有 group,class,team group,class,team 等既可表单数也可表复数。等既可表单数也可表复数。误区三误区三 误用语言规那么误用语言规那么1.1.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词做主语表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词做主语TenTen years are quite a long time.years are quite a long time.Ten years is quite a long time.Ten years is quite a long time.【解析】表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数做主语时看作一个【解析】

32、表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数做主语时看作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数，容易错误理解为复数而出现第句的错误。整体，谓语动词要用单数，容易错误理解为复数而出现第句的错误。2.2.由由 and and 连接的并列主语连接的并列主语TheThe twentiethtwentieth lessonlesson andand lastlast lessonlesson areare veryvery easyeasy forfor students.students.The twentieth lesson andThe twentieth lesson andlast lelast les

33、son is very easy for students.sson is very easy for students.【解析】【解析】the twentieth lesson and last the twentieth lesson and lastlessonlesson 是表示同一概念，译为“第是表示同一概念，译为“第2020 课即最后一课，因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第课即最后一课，因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第 20 20课和最后一课，如果表示两课，课和最后一课，如果表示两课，应该表达为“the应该表达为“the twentiethtwentiet

34、h lessonlesson andand thethelast lessonlast lesson。特别提醒：由特别提醒：由 and and 连接的并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，表示不连接的并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，表示不同的概念同的概念 时谓语动词用复数。时谓语动词用复数。3.3.就近原那么就近原那么 Neither you nor he have been to Beijing.Neither you nor he have been to Beijing.Neither you nor he has been to Beijing.Neither you nor

35、 he has been to Beijing.【解析】【解析】neither.nor neither.nor 连接的并列主语连接的并列主语you,heyou,he虽然表示两个人，虽然表示两个人，但根据语言规那么，当它连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词根据就近原那么，该但根据语言规那么，当它连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词根据就近原那么，该由由 he he 决定，因此第句正确。决定，因此第句正确。特别提醒：类似的还有特别提醒：类似的还有 either.or,not only.but also,not.either.or,not only.but also,not.but,but,以及以及 there b

36、e there be 之后的之后的 并列主语，谓语动词确实定都根据“就近原那并列主语，谓语动词确实定都根据“就近原那么。么。4.this kind of,a piece of,this pair of4.this kind of,a piece of,this pair of 等短语做主语等短语做主语This pair of trousers are very new,but Toms trousers are very old.This pair of trousers are very new,but Toms trousers are very old.This pair of trou

37、sers is very new,but Toms trousers are very old.This pair of trousers is very new,but Toms trousers are very old.【解析】【解析】trousers trousers 做主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被做主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被 this pair of this pair of 修修饰时谓语动词由饰时谓语动词由 pair pair 的单复数确定。因此第句正确。的单复数确定。因此第句正确。特别提醒：特别提醒：this kind of,a piece of,a bag of,a

38、box ofthis kind of,a piece of,a bag of,a box of 等，这类短语做等，这类短语做主语时谓语动词的单主语时谓语动词的单 复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。关。5.the rest of5.the rest of，half ofhalf of 等短语做主语等短语做主语Half of the students have finished most of the work.The rest of itHalf of the students have finished most of th

39、e work.The rest of itareare veryvery difficult.difficult.HalfHalf of theof the stustudentsdents havehave finishedfinished mostmost ofofthe work.The rest of it is very difficult.the work.The rest of it is very difficult.【解析】【解析】根据句意和句子结构可以判断根据句意和句子结构可以判断 the the restrest ofof itit 中的中的 it it，指指 the t

40、he workwork，而而 work work 是不可数名词，因此第句正确。是不可数名词，因此第句正确。特别提醒特别提醒 all all of,of,mostmost of,of,halfhalf of,of,thethe restrest ofof，以及，以及 a a lotlot of,of,some,some,any+any+名词做主语时，要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。名词做主语时，要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。6.6.一句话提示：一句话提示：合成不定代词如合成不定代词如 something something，anybodyanybody 等做主语，谓语动词用单数；等

41、做主语，谓语动词用单数；动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数；动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数；aa numbernumber ofof+名词复做主语，谓语用复数，+名词复做主语，谓语用复数，thethe numbernumber ofof+名词复名词复做主语，谓语用单数；做主语，谓语用单数；none of.作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。none of.作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。主谓一致精练一主谓一致精练一：1.Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.1.Either Jane or Steven _ watc

42、hing TV now.A.wereA.wereB.isB.isC.wasC.wasD.areD.are2.Two days _enough for me to finish the work,I need a third day.2.Two days _enough for me to finish the work,I need a third day.A.isntA.isntB.isB.isC.arentC.arentD.areD.are3.3.How many lessons do you usually have a day?How many lessons do you usual

43、ly have a day?Six lessons a day.And each of them _ 45 minutes.Six lessons a day.And each of them _ 45 minutes.A.lastA.lastB.lastsB.lastsC.haveC.haveD.areD.are4.Neither Liping nor I _ a basketball player.4.Neither Liping nor I _ a basketball player.A.amA.amB.isB.isC.beC.beD.areD.are5.There _ many new

44、 words in Lesson One,It is very easy.5.There _ many new words in Lesson One,It is very easy.A.isA.isB.arentB.arentC.isntC.isntD.areD.are6.The number of the students in our school _1200.6.The number of the students in our school _1200.A.isA.isB.areB.areC.hasC.hasD.haveD.have7.Maths _ my favorite subj

45、ect.7.Maths _ my favorite subject.A.beA.beB.isB.isC.amC.amD.areD.are8.The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the8.The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked thecity.city.A.were sleepingA.were sleepingB.is sleepingB.is sleepingC.wasC.wassleepingsleepingD.are asleepD.are as

46、leep9.Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.9.Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A.areA.areB.isB.isC.wereC.wereD.wasD.was10.That place is not interesting at all,_ of us wants to go there.10.That place is not interesting at all,_ of us wants to go ther

47、e.A.NeitherA.NeitherB.BothB.BothC.AllC.AllD.SomeD.Some11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.knowA.knowB.knowsB.knowsC.have knownC.have knownD.isD.is12.12.Whats onWhats on thethe plate?plate?some eggssome eggs andand cakescakes onon it?it?ThereThere _ some_ someeggs and ca

48、kes on it.eggs and cakes on it.A.isA.isB.areB.areC.wasC.wasD.wereD.were13.This pair of glasses _ mine.13.This pair of glasses _ mine.A.areA.areB.beB.beC.isC.isD.will beD.will be14.Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.14.Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A.invitedA.invitedB.was invit

49、edB.was invited C.had invited C.had invitedD.wereD.wereinvertedinverted15.15.Two months _ quite a long time.Two months _ quite a long time.YeYes,Im afraid that he will miss lotss,Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.of his lessons.A.isA.isB.areB.areC.wasC.was D.were D.were16.In the city t

50、he old _.16.In the city the old _.A.take good care ofA.take good care ofB.are taken good care ofB.are taken good care ofC.is taken good care ofC.is taken good care ofD.are been taken good care ofD.are been taken good care of17.17.HisHis familyfamily _ allall veryvery kindkind andand friendly,friendl