雅思阅读分类词汇(场景)讲述.pdf

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1、 IELTS 阅读分类词汇 =阅读分类词汇=心理 theorem 原理，定理 v.s.theory methodology 方法论(method)physiology 生理学(physiological)psychiatry 精神病学psychology,psycho,psychosis,psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系 correlation coefficient sensation 感觉，知觉(另)轰动 sensational perception 感知，认知 intuition 知觉(intuitive)ESP 第六感(Extrasensory Perce

2、ption)motivate 激励 motivation(bonus,commission,)incentive 激励因素 stimulus 刺激 stimulate,stimulation disorder 紊乱，失调 dysfunction 机能障碍 dys(=dis)+function dissonance 不和谐，不一致 dis+son(sound)+ance trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept.11 anxiety 焦虑(=anxiousness)depression 沮丧(de+press+ion)depressedv.s.r

3、epression(压抑)insomnia 失眠 phobia 恐惧(症)suffix:-phobia acrophobia acronym:IELTS,TOEFL enophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症)，反感(allergic)He is allergic to card playing.propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with mac

4、hinery.=tendency,inclination paranoid 偏执的 paranoia(偏执狂)workaholic 工作狂(alcoholic)symptom 症状 diagnosis 诊断(n.)diagnose(v.)Arthur Haily:“The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram(心电图)assertive 武断的(assert)therapy 治疗法 group therapy hypnotism 催眠术(hypnotize)prescribe 开药方 v.s.subscribe,d

5、escribe,inscribe prescription:drugs antidepressant 抗抑郁药 tranquilizer 镇静药 (tranquil)side-effect(+s)副作用 immune 免疫的，免除的(immunity)rehabilitation 复原，康复 relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s.elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！chronic 慢性的 adulthood childhood puberty 青春发动期 adolescence 青春期(the time of life between puberty and adulthood

6、)emotional rational affective 情感的(affection)sane 神智健全的 insane superstition 迷信 superstitious telepathy 传心术，通灵术 tele(far away)+pathy(heart)numerology,palmistry apathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (=indifference)sympathy:sym(same)+pathy pathology 病理学，病理，病变 delusion 迷惑，欺瞒 v.s.illusion disorientation 迷失(dis+orientation)di

7、soriented pervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者 perversion introspection 内省 v.s.retrospection(回顾，反省)sublimation 纯化，升华 sublime personality =personal characteristicsmultiple personality(多重人格)innate 天赋的 in+nate(nature)=inborn,congenital attribute 属性(attributable)trait 特征，品质 national traits 国民性 vs.traitor =阅读分类词汇=科技 ub

8、iquitous 普遍存在的=omnipresent(omniscient,omnipotent)versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的 versatility alchemy 炼金术 transmute 变形，变质 transmute silver into gold(!)arduous 艰巨的(=strenuous)an arduous task pitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难 metallurgy 冶金 alloy 合金 aluminum =aluminium(BE)calcium,uranium,radium,copper,brass,bronze electrode

9、电极 distill 蒸馏 distilled water quartz 石英 phosphorus 磷，磷光物质 inflammable 易燃的 (flame)combustion 燃烧(combustible)spontaneous combustion(white phosphorus)ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器(ceramics)insulate 隔离，绝缘 insulator(conductor fiber 纤维(BE:fibre)fiber optics(纤维光学)optics 光学(optical)retina 视网膜 iris 虹膜 opaque 不透明的 v.s.trans

10、parent,translucent microprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit),chip binary 二进制的 integrate integration,integrated circuit(IC),system integration(SI)buffer 缓冲区 buffer storage browser 浏览器(IE,Netscape)hypertext 超文本 envisage 想象，看作 en+vis(see)+age be envisaged as momentous (极为)重要的 v.s.momentary retic

11、ular 网状的 Ethernet 以太网 domain 域 domain names cyberlaw 网络法律“cyber-“:Internet relatedcyberlove,cybercafe,patent 专利(patented)v.s.copyright,pirated software/VCDs chronological 按时间顺序的“chron”:time chronic,chronicle,chronograph robot 机器人(“肉包它”)robotics artificial 人造的，做作的 artificial satellite/smile cone 圆锥体，

12、锥形物 the nose cone of a missile Jupiter 木星 Mercury,Venus,Mars,Saturn exorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的 ex(out)+orbit+ant centripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugal high-rise 高楼(skyscraper)cathedral 大教堂 dome 圆顶(a hemispherical roof)infrastructure 基础设施 superstructure sewage 污水，下水道 hydraulic 水力的，水压的 landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)ventilatio

13、n 通风 thermostat 温控器 thermo(hot)+stat(steady)thermos,thermometer,thermonuclear prefabricate 预先制造 prefab(预制的)polytechnic 各种工艺的 理工学校 Hong Kong Polytechnic geometric 几何(学)的 geometry,geo(land)+metry(measure)asymmetry 不对称 a(not)+sym(same)+metry()symmetry concave 凹的 convex bilateral 双边的，两方面的 unilateral par

14、adoxical “似非而是”的 paradox(悖论)empirical 经验的 empirical law/formula clockwise 顺时针的(anticlockwise =阅读分类词汇=教育 accommodation (膳宿)供应=room and board lodging 寄宿(处)lease 出租“for lease”,“to let”v.s.rent tenant 房客，佃户 landlord 房东 landlady(f)Lord,tenant,housemate roommate,dormmate,schoolmate,classmate dormitory 寝室(

15、abbrev.dorm)au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework (另)=reciprocal reciprocal 相互的，互惠的 hostel youth hostel hotel real estate 房地产 vicinity =neighborhood flat 平的，瘪的 flat tire 公寓(=apartment)condo,studio bond =deposit linen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单(=bed linen)utensil 器皿 s

16、tationery 文具(v.s.stationary)laundry 洗衣，洗衣店 cafeteria 自助餐厅 canteen cater 满足(需要)aerobics 有氧健身操“aero”:air badminton 羽毛球(运动)baseball 棒球 baseball bat squash 壁球(运动)amateur professional gathering 聚会 v.s.meeting,reunion excursion 远足(=outing,expedition)commonwealth 共和国，联邦 Commonwealth:英联邦 tertiary 第三的 After

17、purchasing a house and a car,the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary secondary tertiary post-secondary “post”:afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwar illiterate 文盲 不识字的 il(no)+literate(words)illiteracy(literacy discipline 学科，纪律 v.s.subject

18、terminology 术语 faculty department and staff of a college/university dean (大学)教务长 curriculum 课程(=course)extracurricular 课外的 syllabus 课程提纲 calendar 日历，日程(schedule,agenda,timetable)compulsory 强制的，必修的 elective(选修的)examiner examinee take/sit,pass/get through,fail,retake/resit recruit 招生，招募 recruitment=en

19、roll prestige 声望，威信 prestigious esteem 尊敬(n.&v.)your esteemed school/company aptitude 智力 SAT:School Aptitude Test matriculation 录取入学 vocation 职业(=calling,occupation,career)vocational vocational education TAFE Technical And Further Education(Australian)abbreviation 缩略(词)abridge(缩短，删节)transferable (学分

20、等)可转换的 scholarship 奖学金=fellowship tutorial 辅导(课)tutor(=lecturer,instructor)pedagogue 教员，学究 pedagogy(教育学，教学法)demagogue(政治煽动家)lexicography 词典编撰(lexicographer)assignment 任务，(课外)作业 dissertation 论文(=thesis)credential 证明，文凭“cred”:creditlinguistic credentials alumni 校友(男)alumnae overestimate 高估(underestima

21、te decipher 解码，解释(=decode)decipher workplace culture caliber 才干 =阅读分类词汇=文化 homogeneous 同质的 homo+gene+ous(heterogeneous homosexual,heterosexual mainstream 主流 主流的 dialect 方言(v.s.accent)discrepancy 差异 misconception 误解(mis+concept+ion)=misunderstanding barrier 障碍(物)bar,=barricade discrimination 区别，歧视 ra

22、cial/sexual discrimination discriminate(+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir+arch(govern)+y insularity 岛国性质(insular,island).microcosm 小天地 micro+cosm(os)nostalgia =homesickness patriot 爱国者(traitor patriotic,patriotism compatriot 同胞 同胞的 com+patriot vernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of India

23、Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish immigration 移入 immigrant,immigratev.s.emigration(emigrant,emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家(ente

24、rprise)entrepreneurship practitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice)+er celebrity a famous person=luminary,VIP proxy 代理人 anecdote 轶事(anecdotal)notoriety 恶名(notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物 Whos George Bushs counterpart in China counterculture,counterbalance peer 同等的人 凝视，窥视(peep)subordinate 下级 下级的 superior t

25、actics 战术，技巧 v.s.strategy(战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s.selling tactics nuance a subtle difference in meaning benchmarking 类比分析 punctual 准时的，守时的(punctuality)absenteeism 旷工 absent absentee absenteeism flextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible)+time harass 骚扰(harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed he

26、r.redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancy downsize 裁员(lay off)ballot 投票(=vote)impartial 不偏不倚的(partial lobby 大堂(n.)游说(v.)shortlist (BE)a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡 questionnaire 调查表，问卷 quantitative 定量的(qualita

27、tive contingency 偶然性，偶然事件 incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s.occur,concur,recur ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics,unethical dubious 疑惑的，可疑的(doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明(manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题(sub+title)subsidiary,submarine,subway(BE:underground,tube),suburb(downtown,upt

28、own,outskirts)dubbing 配音录制 vogue 时尚 chic bizarre 奇异的 v.s.weird(怪异的)mediocre 平庸的 dietitian 饮食学家(diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre,a la carte =雅思阅读分类词汇=-生物/生理 molecule 分子 molecular cell cellular amino amino acids(氨基酸)protein 蛋白质 enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific

29、 biochemical reactions)catalyst 催化剂 chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”:Cl photosynthesis 光合作用(photo+synthesis)photosynthetic botany 植物学 (zoology botanist,botanical flora 植物群 fauna 动物群 bacterium bacteria(pl.)细菌 fungus fungi(pl.)真菌 algae alga(pl.)海藻 herb herbal:tea herbicide(insecticide,pesticide)carnation 康乃馨

30、reincarnation fade 凋谢，褪色 organism 机体，组织 organ arthropod 节肢动物 v.s.anthropoid()reptile 爬行动物 amphibian 两栖动物 mammal 哺乳动物(mamma!)primate 灵长目动物 evolution 进化(evolve)anthropoid 类人猿(“anthrop”:humankind)anthropology,philanthropy v.s.ape,gorilla,chimpanzee gene 基因 DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)genome(基因组)genetics

31、遗传学(genetical)helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanitys DNA identical 同一的 identity(ID card)clone mutation 突变 gene mutation mutable,immutable,mutant predator 捕食者(prey embryo 胚胎 embryonic(萌芽的)roe 鱼子 caviar(鱼子酱)tadpole 蝌蚪 frog,toad(told)caterpillar 毛毛虫(cater+pillar)Th

32、e American Company:Caterpillar(CAT)grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫(=locust)grass+hopper,bellhop cricket 蟋蟀(另)板球 butterfly v.s.moth dragonfly,firefly pollen 花粉 传粉 pollinate,pollination hive 蜂房 honey,concoction larva larvae(pl.)幼虫 v.s.lava pupa 蛹 pupate penguin 企鹅 v.s.dolphin(海豚)raccoon 浣熊 v.s.kangaroo(袋鼠)hibernate

33、 冬眠(=hole up)torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的 v.s.torpedo(鱼雷)cerebral (大)脑的 hemisphere 半球(hemi+sphere)cortex 脑皮层 migraine 偏头疼 migrant somatic 躯体的 limb 四肢 upper/lower limb anatomy 解剖，剖析 paralyze 使瘫痪(=incapacitate,immobilize)artery 动脉(vein gland 腺体 pancreas 胰 hormone 荷尔蒙，激素 cholesterol 胆固醇 efficacy 功效 v.s.efficiency,ef

34、fectiveness =雅思阅读分类词汇=环境问题 conservation 保护，保存(conserve)v.s.conversation environmentalist=conservationist acid 酸 酸的(alkaliacid rain carbon 碳(C)v.s.charcoal(炭)carbon dioxide,carbon monoxide fume exhaust fumesv.s.smoke,fog,smog petroleum 石油 petrol(BE)=gasoline/gas(AE)unleaded petrol/gas ozone 臭氧(o+zone

35、)ozone layer ooze 渗出 渗出物 radiation 辐射 ultraviolet(UV)radiation radioactive greenhouse 温室 greenhouse effect/gases solar 太阳的(solar energy)lunar(lunar calendar)phenomenon 现象 catastrophe =disaster,cataclysm deterioration 恶化(deteriorate)extinction 灭绝(extinct)species endangered species drought 干旱(“找它”)fam

36、ine v.s.flooding recurrent 反复发生的 re+(oc)cur+rentv.s.concurrent inundate 淹没 “淹掉它”embankment 筑堤(em+bank+ment)sediment 沉积（物）=deposit delta 三角洲 the Pearl River Delta alluvial 冲积的 desertification (v.s.dessert)dust-storm 沙尘暴 thunderstorm,brainstorm barren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的 dune sand dune the game“DUNE”!attribut

37、able 归因于 be attributable to deforestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de+forest+ation afforestation/reforestation log 原木，日志 伐木 v.s.logo vegetation 植物，植被 v.s.vegetable,vegetarian habitat 栖息地 habit(Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem 生态系统(eco+system)ecology viability viable“vi”:life 养育能力 One tool for assessing the impa

38、ct of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic 人口统计的 demo(people)+graph(write)+ic interdependence inter+dependence counterbalance 使平衡，弥补(=offset)counter(against)+balance mechanism 机理，机制 precipitation 陡降，降水(precipice)evaporation circulation 流通，循环 tide tidal wave(海啸)ebb e

39、arthquake typhoon tornado,hurricane meteorology 气象(学)volcano 火山 eruption 喷发(erupt)volcanic eruption lava granite 花岗岩 imminent =impending v.s.eminent Celsius 摄氏的 37OCv.s.centigrade Fahrenheit 华氏的 latitude 纬度(另)longitude,altitude tropical (the)tropicstropical/torrid zone,temperate zone,frigid zone gla

40、cier 冰川 dump 倾倒，倾销 anti-dumping contaminate 弄脏(contaminant)recycle 回收再利用 irreversible 不可逆的(=irrevocable)reclaim 开垦，改造 reclamation contentious 有争议的 (contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious.opt 选择(+for)option prioritize 优先考虑(prior,priority)=雅思分类词汇=医院 mental hospital 精神病医院 clinic

41、诊所 physician/internist 内科医生 oculist/eye doctor 眼科医生 surgon 外科医生 dentist 牙医 vet 兽医 shrink 心理医生 symptom 症状 have/catch a cold 感冒 have a sore throat 嗓子痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a fever 发烧 pneumonia 肺炎 flu 流感 have a cough 咳嗽 have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 liver trouble 肝炎 allergy 过敏症 twisted/s

42、prained 扭伤的 feel dizzy 头晕 feel chilly 觉得发冷 asthma 哮喘 diabetics 糖尿病患者 cramps 抽筋 vomit/throw up/nauseate 呕吐 diarrhea 腹泻 vomitive/pukey 恶心的 luggies/phlegm 痰 have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通 cholera 霍乱 stiff neck 脖子发僵 abscess 脓肿 yellow fever 黄热病 hay fever 枯草热 pills 药丸 mixture 合剂 eyedrops 眼药水 syrup 糖浆 pad 药棉块 vi

43、tamin 维他命 tablet 药片 penicillin 盘尼西林 antibiotic 抗生素 ointment 药膏 medication 药物 aspirin 阿司匹林 bandage 绷带 syringe 注射器 stethoscope 听诊器 injection 注射 preventive injection 预防针 gauze 纱布 cold cure 感冒药 sweating medicine 发汗药 febrifuge 退烧药 capsule 胶囊 case history 病历 extract 拔牙 take ones temperature 量体温 see a doct

44、or看病 send for a doctor请医生 feel ones pulse 量脉搏 take ones blood pressure 量血压 give a prescription 开药方 have an operation 动手术 make an appointment 预约 =雅思分类词汇=生活咨询 make a reservation预定 confirm a reservation确认预定 cancel ones reservation 取消预定 frist come,frist serve 先到先服务原则 layover/stopover 中途停留 timetable 时刻表

45、fare 票价 toll 通行费 saver ticket 优惠票 open ticket 开放机票 one-way ticket 单程票 round-trip ticket 往返票 airport tax 机场税 duty-free shop 免税店 excess charge 超重 vacant seat 空座 direct/non-stop flight 直达航班 connecting-flight 转机 book 预定 destination 目的地 frist class 头等仓 business class 商务仓 economy class 经济仓 van 中巴 shuttle

46、bus 班车 airport limousine 机场大巴 berth 铺位（火车上）pullman 卧铺车 scenic spot 景点 extra charge/surcharge 附加费 fulling-booked 满了 seat arrangement/assignment 定座 E.T.A(estimated time of arrival)预计到达时间 E.T.D(estimated time of departure)预计起飞时间 常用句型 Id like to book_?Id like to order_?Waht hour are you open_?waht time

47、do you open/close_?=雅思分类词汇=银行交易 1）常用词汇 bank book/pass book存折 open an account 开户 earn interest 赚取利息 savings account 储蓄存款帐户 current account 活期存款帐户 check/cheque account 支票帐户 deposit account 定期存款帐户 annual interest rate 年利率 monthly savings account 按月计息帐户 daily interest account 按天计息帐户 instant account 速成户头

48、 service charge 服务费/手续费 signature card签名卡 draw/withdraw提款 order check/cheque 记名支票 rubber check/cheque空头支票 blank check/cheque 空白支票 exchange rate 汇率 denomination=face value 面额 four in hundred 四张一百元面额 give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额 bill 钞票 change 零钱 cash 现金 password/code 密码 amount in figures 小写金

49、额 amount in words 大写金额 credit card 信用卡 the balance of your bank account 帐户余额 travelers check/chque 旅行支票 coin 硬币 penny 便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币 dime（美、加）的十分硬币 unit 货币单位 value/worth 面值 ounce 盎司 1/16 磅 commercial/merchant bank 商业银行 full refund 全额偿还 extension 延期 overdraw/overdraft 透支 rebate 回扣 payday 发薪日 pay

50、 slip/envelop 薪水单 a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款 mortgage 抵押 by installment 分期付款 apply for/grant_a loan 申请/批准贷款 debt 债务 collateral 担保物 fill out/in 填写 chquebook/checkbook 支票簿 loan 贷款 joint account 联名帐户 expense account 公款支付帐户 cashier 收银员 teller 银行职员 statement 对帐单 money order 汇票 accountant 会计 A.