小学英语介词和连词专项复习.pdf

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1、-常见介词及用法常见介词及用法(一一)表表示时间的介词示时间的介词1.英语里最常见的时间介词有：at,in,on,before,after 和 from。2.at,in 和 on 这三个词都表示时间。at 主要指具体的钟点：at half past eight 在八点半in 一般指*一段时间：in January 在一月份on 指具体在*一天：on Monday 在星期一3.before 和 after 表示时间的先后顺序。before 表示“在之前。You should wash your hands before eating.吃饭前你应该洗手。after 表示“在之后。They ofte

2、n play basketball after dinner.他们放学后经常打篮球。4.from 作时间介词含有“从开场的意思，常和 to 连用，组成“fromto的构造，表示“从到的意思。We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从周一到周五上学。(二二)表表示方位的介词，也就是表示位置和地点的介词。示方位的介词，也就是表示位置和地点的介词。1.小学阶段常见的方位介词有：on,in,at,under,over,above,below,about,around,between 等。2.on,over 和 above这三个词都有“在上面的意思，但它们所表示的

3、方位还是有些不同。on 表示两个物体的外表相互接触。如：There is a book on the desk.桌上有一本书。The boy is sleeping on the desk.那个孩子睡在地上。over 表示“在的正上方,两个物体外表没有接触。如：There is a light bulb over my head.在我头顶上有一个灯泡。-above 表示两个物体中一个在另一个的上方，如：The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机上云层上飞行。There are four lights above our head.在我们头上有四盏灯。3.un

4、der 和 below 都有“在的下面的意思，但它们有区别：under 表示“在的正下方，其反义词是 over。There is a ball under the chair.椅子下面有一个球。They are sitting under a big tree.他们正坐在一棵大树下面。below 表示“在的下面，不强调是否在正下方。Their house is below mine.他们家的房子在我家的下面。4.in 表示位置“在里面，也可以用来表示在一个很大的空间。The children are playing in the room.孩子们正在房间里玩。All my books are

5、in my bag.我所有的书都在我的书包里。5.at 表示“在旁边。The teacher is standing at the desk.教师正在桌边。I will wait for you at the station.我会在车站等你。6.around 表示“在周围。There are lots of flowers around the house.房子周围有许多花。The children sat around the Christmas tree and sang happily.孩子们围坐在圣诞树旁边快乐地唱歌。7.behind 表示“在的后面。Dont hide yoursel

6、f behind a tree.别躲在树后。8.in front of 表示“在的前面。There are some trees in front of the house.房子前面有一些树。9.between 表示“在两者之间。My home is between the two mountains.我家在两座大山之间。Guang Jie sits between Li Lei and Fang Ning.冠杰坐在磊和芳宁之间。(三三)表表示动向的介词。示动向的介词。在英语中，有一类介词，它们表示的不是静止不动的方位，而是一种-动态的移动，有“朝着和“向着的意思。1.小学阶段常见的动向介词有

7、：into,out of,up,down,from,to,through,along 等。2.into 和 out ofinto 表示“从外向里的意思，out of 表示“从里向外的意思。Jane jumped into the water.简跳进了水里。Dont look out of the window when you take a bus.当你乘公共汽车时不要向窗外看。3.up 和 down:up 表示“向上，down 表示“向下。He often climbs up mountains.他经常爬山。She opened the door and went down the stai

8、rs.她开门下楼。(四四)表表示方式的介词示方式的介词1.常见的表示方式的介词有：by,with,in 等。2.by 表示“靠，“用。3.with 表示“使用，“和一起,“有，“具有“带有。4.in 表示“用语言。My father goes to work by car.我父亲开车上班。I can see with eyes.我能用眼睛看。I can speak in English.我会用英语讲。(五五)其其它常用介词。它常用介词。1.for 表示“目的，“原因。He went home for his book.他回家拿书。Thank you for your dinner.你的款待。2

9、.in 表示“穿着，“带着。Lily is in a red skirt today.丽丽今天穿着一条红色的裙子。The boy in blue is my brother.穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。3.of 表示所属关系，有“的意思。-This is a map of ChinA.这是一幅中国地图。He is an old friend of mine.他是我的一位老朋友。4.like 表示比拟，意思是“像。He looks like his father.他看上去像他爸爸。(六六)介介词与动词的固定搭配。词与动词的固定搭配。look at 朝看laugh at 嘲笑be good at 擅

10、长于shout at 对.叫喊look for 寻找ask for 向要look after 照顾，照看look like 看起来像take care of 关心，照顾wait for 等待leave for 动身去start for 动身去catch up with 赶上talk about 谈论have a talk with 和交谈agree with 同意，赞成二、二、常用词及短语搭配的用法：常用词及短语搭配的用法：(一)and 意思是“和，表示并列和对称。I can speak English and Chinese.我会讲英语和中文。I like apples,bananas an

11、d grapes.我喜欢苹果、香蕉和葡萄。(二)bothand的意思是“两者都，表示并列。Both you and I are pupils.你和我都是小学生。I can speak both English and French.我既会讲英语又会讲法语。(三)not onlybut also意思是“不但而且，表示并列。Not only you but also Jim es late.不光是你，吉姆也迟到了。I can play not only the guitar but also the piano.我有仅会弹吉他，还会弹钢琴。(四)neithernor意思是“既不也不，表示并列关系。

12、Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。He can speak neither English nor French.他既不会讲英语，也不会讲法语。-注意：注意：1.当 not onlybut only和 neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数的变化随接近谓语动词的主语而变化。Neither you nor he is fat.你和他都不胖。Neither he nor I am right.他和我都不对。2.or 意思是“或者，“还是，表示选择。Is your friend is a boy or a girl?你的朋友是男孩还是女孩.Do you

13、learn English or French?你学英语还是法语.注意：注意：误I dont like coffee and teA.正 I dont like coffee or teA.我不喜欢喝咖啡和茶。正I like coffee and teA.我喜欢喝咖啡和茶。3.but 意思是“但是，表示转折。I have a cold,but I dont take medicine.我感冒了，但我没吃药。The skirt is nice,but its too e*pensive.这条裙子很漂亮，但太贵了。4.so 意思是“因此，“所以。Its dark,so I must go now.

14、天黑了，所以我得走了。You got up too late,so you missed the bus.你起床晚了，所以错过了公共汽车。5.because 意思是“因为，表示原因。She is unhappy because she lost the game.她不快乐，因为她输了比赛。注意：注意：在英语里，because 和 so 不能够同时在一个句子中出现，和汉语有一定的区别。误Because Mom bought me a new book,so I was very happy.正Mom bought me a new book,so I was very happy.正I was

15、very happy because Mom bought me a new book.-易错点：易错点：1.你能找到这个问题的答案吗.误 Can you find the answer of this question.正 Can you find the answer to this question.析英语中用“the answer to 表示“的答案。类似构造还有 the key to the door,the way to the zoo 等。2.格林先生星期六上午来这里。误 Mr.Green will e here in Sunday evening.正 Mr.Green will

16、 e here on Sunday evening.析表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用 in；而表示在具体的*天上午、下午时，介词要用 on.稳固练习：稳固练习：一、一、用适当的介词填空。1.There is something wrong _ my arm.2.The train is passing _ the tunnel.3.Would you e to tea _us _ Sunday?4.Whats the weather _ today?5.I am good _ English.6.He looks _ his father.7.Go _ this street,then you

17、 can see the post office.8.Many people are wait _ the bus _ the bus station.9.-How do you often go to school?-_ foot.10.二、用 and,or,but 填空。1.Id like to go with you,_ Im too busy.2.I dont like apple juice _ orange juice.3.I can speak English _ French.4.Are you a teacher _ a doctor?5.There is no milk _

18、 no fruit juice.Lucy and Lily e _America.-三、选择填空。()1.The Greens were watching TV _ I came in.A.beforeB.afterC.when()2.Jack was sad _ he failed his math e*am again.A.soB.becauseC.but()3.The bus arrived _7:30 a.m.A.onB.atC.in()4.Your mouth is _ your nose.A.underB.belowC.near()5.We dont go to school _S

19、aturday and Sunday.A.onB.inC.at()6.Did you go to the zoo _ foot?A.byB.onC.in()7.I write _my hand.A.inB.withC.by()8.Can you sing this song _English?A.inB.withC.on()9.He learns English _ TV.A.inB.onC.with()10.Tony es _ Australia.A.fromB.toC.in()11.Everyone is sitting _ the floor,but Mr Brown is sittin

20、g_ a chair _ the corner.A.over,in,onB.about,on,atC.on,on,in()12.During the weekdays,Jim gets up early _ the morningand goes to bed late _ night.But _ weekends he sleepsuntil midday.A.on,at,atB.in,at,onC.in,in,at()13.The mother is ing back _ an hour.-A.afterB.forC.in()14.Dont worry,Tom will return_.A

21、.before longB.long beforeC.long ago()15.Paper is often made _ wood.A.byB.inC.of四、以下每个句子都有一处错误,请找出来并改正.1.Both Tom and Jerry is in Class Two._2.Either boys and girls are going to clean the classroom._3.Its very kind for you._4.Id like some bread or butter._5.There is a bridge on the river._6.They live

22、 at New York._7.I play the tennis ater school._五、根据中文用介词填空。1.她从楼上跳了下去。She jumps _ the building.2.你最好不要去树林，那很危险。Youd better not go _ the woods,its dangerous.3.一群老人在公园里唱歌。A group of old men are singing _ the park.4.一个女孩站在窗户边。A girl is standing _ the windows.5.教师严格要求我们。The teacher is strict _ us.附加练习：介

23、词填空1.Tony is _ Canada.2.What is the name _ the factory?3.Betty is English.What _ you.4.Whos the woman _ the black dress.-5.Where do you e _?6.She looks _ her father.7.Do the students stay _ home _ Saturday.8.My mother cut the cake _ a knife.9.The meeting ended _ 6 p.m.10.Well play football _ class.1

24、1.Go _ this road,turn left _ the first crossing.12.Can you tell me the way _ the zoo?13.where are you from.14.I am _ Beijing.15.Lets count the numbers _ one _ fifty.16.Where shall we meet?17.Well meet _ home.18.He is good _ swimming.19.Tom gets _ at seven every morning.20._ Sunday morning,he played

25、football with his friends.21.Whats wrong _ you?22.There is something wrong _ my back.23.He often helps me _ my English.24.Its time _ breakfast.25.Can you sing a song _ English?26.He looks _ his father.27.Please listen _ me carefully.28.Its too cold.Dont take _ your coat.29.I go to school _ foot every day.30.He sits _ Tom and Mary.31.I work _ Monday _ Friday.32.He is ill,so he is staying _ bed.33.Dont be late _ this meeting.