最新初中英语语法系列复习专题-----动词时态-被动语态.pdf

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1、初初中中英英语语语语法法系系列列复复习习专专题题-动词时态动词时态-被动语态被动语态语法系列复习专题语法系列复习专题-动词时态，被动语态动词时态，被动语态一、一般现在时一、一般现在时 1 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.2.主句是一般将来时主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：I I llll gogo therethere afterafter I I finishfin

2、ish mymy work./work./IfIf itit rainsrains tomorrow,Itomorrow,I wonwon t tgo there.go there.3.3.在以在以 here,therehere,there 开头的句子里，开头的句子里，go,comego,come 等少数动词的一般在时表示等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.There goes the bell.铃响了。铃响了。There comes the bus.There comes the bus.汽车来了。汽车来了。Here s

3、he comes.Here she comes.她来了。她来了。二、现在进行时二、现在进行时 1.1.表示正在进行的动作。表示正在进行的动作。2.2.表示按方案安排即将发生的动作。例如：表示按方案安排即将发生的动作。例如：SheShe isis leavingleaving forfor Beijing.Beijing.她要去北京。她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。从明天起他要做老师。My father isMy father iscoming to s

4、ee me this Sing to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River isThe Changjiang River isflowing into the east.flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。太阳从东方冉冉升起。4.4.大多数动

5、词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belongexist,live,understand,mean,owe,belongto,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,to,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hopebelieve,trust,want,wish,refus

6、e,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope 等。等。三、现在完成时三、现在完成时 1.1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：作。例如：I have finished the report./She has cleand the room.I have finished the report./She has cleand the room.2.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“forfor,“sinces

7、ince表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for sixHe has learned English for sixyears./They have worked here since they left college.years./They have worked here since they left college.3.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1 1用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作

8、对现在产生的影响或结果，作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关和现在关系不大。系不大。例如：例如：SheShe hashas cleanedcleaned thethe room.Itroom.It s s veryvery cleanclean now.(now.(此句此句hashas cleanedcleaned就不能改为就不能改为 cleaned.cleaned.一是因为一是因为 cleanedcleaned 与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到突然跳到 ItIt s s这样的一般

9、现在时。这样的一般现在时。)2 2汉语中的“了、“过、“曾等词常用完成表达，如：汉语中的“了、“过、“曾等词常用完成表达，如：I I havehave seenseenthatthat film.film.我看过那部电影了。我看过那部电影了。但是如果是在特定的过去时间但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了、“看了、“做“做过，过，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：例如：WhenWhen diddid youyou seesee thatthatfilm?I saw it yesterday.(film?I saw it yesterday.(你什么

10、时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.4.表示“曾经到过某地人已回来用“表示“曾经到过某地人已回来用“have/hashave/has beenbeen toto,表示“到表示“到某地去了还未回来用“某地去了还未回来用“have/has gone tohave/has gone to.例如：例如：Where is Li Hua?Wh

11、ere is Li Hua?He has gone to the reading-room.He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there.She has been there.5.5.短暂动词即瞬间动词，短暂动词即瞬间动词，join,join,lose,lose,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,leave,leave,go,go,come,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,comp

12、lete,begin,start,break outarrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 等，在完等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He hasHe hasfinished the work for three hours.finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。可采要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。可采用用 1 1“agoago 法：法：He finished the wor

13、k three hours ago.2He finished the work three hours ago.2“延续法：“延续法：HeHe hashas beenbeen through(with)thethrough(with)the workwork forfor threethree hours.3hours.3“sincesince 法：法：ItIt is/hasis/hasbeen three hours since he finished the work.been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时四、现在完成进行

14、时 1.1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在或今后还要继续一去用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在或今后还要继续一去的动作。例如：的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./It hasHe has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./It hasbeen raining for two days.been raining for two days.2.2.但凡不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。但凡不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、

15、一般过去时五、一般过去时表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。发生或反复发生的动作或行为。六、过去进行时六、过去进行时 1.1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 这一过去时间须用这一过去时间须用时间状语表示。例如：时间状语表示。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.

16、2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：TheyThey werewere stillstill workingworkingwhen I left.when I left.3.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I I waswas writingwriting whilewhile hehe waswaswatching TV.watching TV.4.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.He said she

17、 was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时七、过去完成时 1.1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：例如：HeHe hadhad shutshut thethe doordoorbeforebefore thethe dogdog camecame up./up./EverythingEverything hadhad beenbeen allall rightright upup tilltill thisthis morning.morning.2.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完表示

18、动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：AtAt thethe ageage ofof ten,heten,he hadhad learnedlearned 500500 EnglishEnglishwords.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.3.常用常用 hope,expect,think,intend,want,supposeho

19、pe,expect,think,intend,want,suppose 等动词的过去完成时等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：WeWe hadhad expectedexpected thatthat youyou wouldwould bebeable to win the match.able to win the match.八、一般将来时八、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有以下一些形式：一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有以下一些形式：A.wasA.was B.have been B.have

20、been C.came C.came D.am going D.am going析：根据析：根据 this/it is the first/second/this/it is the first/second/time sb.has done sth.time sb.has done sth.句型，可定句型，可定答案为答案为 B B。又如：。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I7.Idondon t tr

21、eallyreallyworkworkhere.I_untilhere.I_untilthethenewnewsecretarysecretaryarrives.arrives.(NMET)(NMET)A.just help outA.just help out B.have just helped out B.have just helped outC.am just helping outC.am just helping out D.will just help out D.will just help out析：根据析：根据 I I dondon t t reallyreally wo

22、rkwork here.here.以及以及untiluntil thethe newnew secretarysecretary arrives,arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是方案安排行为，可知说话人所要做的事是方案安排行为，C C、D D 两个选项都表将来动作，但两个选项都表将来动作，但 D D 非非方案安排，方案安排，C C 那么表达按方案去做，所以此题答案为那么表达按方案去做，所以此题答案为 C C。8.8.Is this raincoat yours?Is this raincoat yours?No,mine_ there behind the door.No,mine_ t

23、here behind the door.(NMET)(NMET)A.is hangingA.is hanging B.has hung B.has hung C.hangs C.hangs D.hung D.hung析：此题的“悬挂是指现状而言，故表过去“挂的析：此题的“悬挂是指现状而言，故表过去“挂的 B B、D D 项可排除。项可排除。C C 项虽项虽指“现在挂，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，指“现在挂，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后这一意思，选我的正挂在门后这一意思，选 A A 是极为合情理的。是极为合情理的。被动语态被

24、动语态一、被动语态的句型一、被动语态的句型 1.1.常见句式是：主语受动者常见句式是：主语受动者bebe过去分词过去分词byby施动者施动者例如：例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.He was scolded by the English teacher.2.2.主语主语getget过去分词其它成分过去分词其它成分例如：例如：TheThe boyboy gotgot drowneddrowned lastlast summer./summer./SheShe gotgot firedfired becausebecause ofof herher

25、 faults.faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“注意：使用这种结构不能带有“byby施动者施动者 3.3.带有双宾语带有双宾语直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的主动句变为动句，的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是其主语可以是直接宾语，直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。也可以是间接宾语。例如：例如：SheShe lentlent meme a a bike.bike.被动：被动：1 1I I waswas lentlenta bike(by her).a bike(by her).2 2A bike was lent to me(by her).A bike was lent to me(by

26、 her).4.4.情态动词情态动词bebe过去分词过去分词例如：例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.5.双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分例例 如如；TheseThesemagazinesmagazinesarearenotnotallowedallowedtotobebetakentakenoutoutofofthethereading-room./The murd

27、erer was ordered to be shot.reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况二、主动表示被动的几种情况 1.1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keepcut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep 等。等。例如：例如：ThisThis knifeknifec

28、uts well.cuts well.这把刀好切。这把刀好切。These books sell well.These books sell well.这些书好卖。这些书好卖。The pen writesThe pen writessmoothly.smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wonMeat won t keep long in such hot weather.t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.The cloth washes w

29、ell.这种布好洗。这种布好洗。2.2.一一 些些 连连 系系 动动 词词 的的 主主 动动 式式 形形 容容 词词。常常 见见 动动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn outlook,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out 等。例如：等。例如：The apples tasteThe apples tastegood./Thegood./Theflowerflowersmellssmellswonderful./Thewonderful./Thenewsnewsproved/turnedproved/turnedou

30、touttrue./Cotton feels soft.true./Cotton feels soft.注：注：proveprove 也可用于被动式，如：也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)His answer(was)proved right.proved right.3.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossiblehard,defficult,easy,heavy,f

31、it,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等等。例例如如：TheThe problemproblem isis easyeasy toto do./Thedo./The questionquestion isis difficultdifficult totoanswer./Theanswer./The boxbox isis heavyheavy toto carry./Thecarry./The projectproject isis impossibleimpossible toto completecompleteinin a a year.ye

32、ar.比拟：比拟：TheThe problemproblem isis toto bebe done./Thedone./The questionquestion isis toto bebe answered.answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：1.I teach myself French.1.I teach myself French.不可变为不可变为 Myself is taught French.Myself is taug

33、ht French.因为反因为反身代词不可作主语。身代词不可作主语。2.We help each other/one another.2.We help each other/one another.不可变为不可变为 Each other/One anotherEach other/One anotheris helped by us.is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。因为相互代词不可作主语。3.He3.He lostlost heart.heart.不不可可变变为为 HeartHeart waswas lostlost byby him.him.因因为为象象 losel

34、oseheart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thoughtheart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought 这类动宾结构的固定短语这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。4.She took part in the sports meet.4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为不能变为 The sports meet wasThe sports meet wastakentakenpartpartininbybyher.her.因

35、因为为象象taketakepartpartin,belongin,belongto,own,have,hate,fail,containto,own,have,hate,fail,contain 等表状态动词没有被动语态。等表状态动词没有被动语态。被动语态考点分析被动语态考点分析1.I need one more stamp before my collection_.1.I need one more stamp before my collection_.(NMET)(NMET)A.hasA.hascompletedcompletedB.completesB.completesC.hasC

36、.hasbeenbeencompletedcompleted D.is completed D.is completed析：析：completecomplete 是及物动词，“邮集是被人完成的，须从表被动意的是及物动词，“邮集是被人完成的，须从表被动意的 C C、D D 中选中选择。又因择。又因 beforebefore 等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为题答案为 D D。2.2.Do you like the material?Do you like the material?Yes,it_very soft.

37、Yes,it_very soft.(NMET)(NMET)A.is feeling A.is feeling B.felt B.felt C.feels C.feels D.is felt D.is felt析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知 feelfeel 是不及物动词，表“某物摸起是不及物动词，表“某物摸起来意思来意思,是连系动词，是连系动词，不能用于被动式，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故

38、答案为 C C。feelfeel作“感觉、“认为、“摸等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等作“感觉、“认为、“摸等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。变化。3 3GreatGreatchanges_changes_ininthethecity,city,andanda alotlotofoffactories_.factories_.(NMET)(NMET)A.have been taken placeA.have been taken placehave been set uphave been set upB.have taken placeB.have taken pla

39、cehave been set uphave been set upC.have taken placeC.have taken placehave set uphave set upD.were taken placeD.were taken placewere set upwere set up析：析：taketake placeplace发生是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除发生是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除 A A、D D，又因又因 set up(set up(建造建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除 C C，答案为

40、，答案为 B B。4.Most4.Mostofofthetheartists_toartists_tothethepartypartywerewerefromfromSouthSouthAfrica.Africa.(NMET)(NMET)A.invited A.invited B.to invite B.to invite C.being invited C.being invited D.had been D.had beeninvitedinvited析：首先可排除析：首先可排除 B B。因为它不表示“被邀请。又因。因为它不表示“被邀请。又因 D D 项少引导词项少引导词 whowho，也

41、应排，也应排除。除。A A 项项who were invited,Cwho were invited,C 项项who were being invited,who were being invited,由象由象 inviteinvite 这这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。故也应排除。因而可定答案为因而可定答案为 A A。5.I5.I dondon t t knowknow thethe restaurant,butrestaurant,but itit s_tos_to bebe quitequite a a goodgoodo

42、ne.(NMET)one.(NMET)A.said A.said B.told B.told C.spoken C.spoken D.talked D.talked析：根据“某人析：根据“某人/某物据说英文句式为“某物据说英文句式为“sb/sth.issb/sth.is saidsaid可定答案为可定答案为 A A。又如：又如：He is said to be a clever boy.He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6.The6.Thepolicepolicefoundfoundthatthatthethehouse

43、_andhouse_anda alotlotofofthings_.(NMET)things_.(NMET)A.has broken intoA.has broken intohas been stolenhas been stolenB.has broken intoB.has broken intohad beenhad beenstolenstolen C.has been broken into C.has been broken intostolenstolen D.had been broken into D.had been broken intostolenstolen析：“房

44、屋被人闯入，“东西被偷都是被动语态，故可排除析：“房屋被人闯入，“东西被偷都是被动语态，故可排除 A A、B B。因。因 C C 项项中的中的 has been broken intohas been broken into 不能置于不能置于 foundfound 之后，那么答案只能是之后，那么答案只能是 D D。7.I promise that the matter will_.7.I promise that the matter will_.(NMET)(NMET)A.be taden care A.be taden care B.be taken care of B.be taken

45、care ofC.take careC.take care D.take D.takecare ofcare of析：析：taketake carecare ofof是固定短语，是固定短语，假设无假设无 ofof 那么不可带宾语，那么不可带宾语，只能跟只能跟 thatthat 从句。从句。所以此题答案为所以此题答案为 B B。8.If city noises_from increasing,people_shout to be heard8.If city noises_from increasing,people_shout to be heardeven at the dinner tab

46、le 20 years from now.even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(NMET)(NMET)A.are not kept A.are not keptwill have towill have to B.are not kept B.are not kepthave tohave to C.do not keep C.do not keepwill have towill have toD.do not keepD.do not keephave tohave to析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在析：观察题干，第一处必须用

47、被动式，答案只能在 A A、B B 中选一。条件句用一般中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为 A A。9.The9.The OlympicOlympic Games,_inGames,_in 776776 BC,didBC,did notnot includeinclude womenwomen playersplayers untiluntil1912.(NMET)1912.(NMET)A.firstA.firstplayingplayingB.toB.tobebefirstfirstplayedplayedC.firstC.first

48、playedplayedD.to be first playingD.to be first playing析；要表达“被举行，只能在析；要表达“被举行，只能在 B B、C C 中选。中选。B B 意“将要首次举行。显然不合意“将要首次举行。显然不合in 776 BCin 776 BC 这一过去时间，只有这一过去时间，只有 C C，first played(first played(which was first played)which was first played)才合用。故答案为才合用。故答案为 C C。10.This sentence needs_.10.This sentence

49、 needs_.A.aA.aimprovementimprovement B.improve B.improve C.improving C.improving D.improved D.improved析：初看此题似手析：初看此题似手 A A、C C 皆可，但皆可，但 improvementimprovement 是元音开头词，其前要用是元音开头词，其前要用 an,an,故故排除。排除。needneed 作实义动词，和作实义动词，和 require,wantrequire,want 一样，后面可跟一样，后面可跟 doingdoing 或或 toto bebe donedone表“需要被意。如

50、：表“需要被意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to beThe door needs/wants/requires painting/to bepainted.(painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I11.Ishouldshouldveryverymuchmuchlikeliketotohavehavegonegonetotothetheparty,butparty,butI_invited.I_invited.A.amA.am notnot B.haven B.haven t t beenbeen C.was C.