第六章-Organizational-Cultures--and-Diversity组织文化与多样性.ppt

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1、Organizational Cultures and Diversity组织文化与多样性chapter sixMcGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All Rights Reserved.6-2Chapter Objectives1.DEFINE what is meant by organizational culture;discuss interaction of national and MNC culture2.准确定义组织文化的含义；讨论民族文化和跨国公司文化间的相互作用。3.2.IDE

2、NTIFY four most common categories of organizational culture and discuss characteristics of each4.明确四种最常见的组织文化的类型，并讨论各个类型的特征。5.3.PROVIDE overview of nature and degree of multi-culturalism and diversity in todays MNCs.6.总揽当今跨国公司文化多元性和多样性的本质及程度、4.DISCUSS common guidelines and principles used in buildin

3、g team and organizational multicultural effectiveness.5.讨论用于团队和组织层次建设有效多元文化的指导方针和原则。6-3The Nature of Organizational Culture Organizational culture:shared values and beliefs enabling members to understand their roles and the norms of the organization,including:组织文化：能够使得其成员明白其角色和组织规范的共享的价值和信仰。Observed

4、 behavioral regularities,typified by common language,terminology,rituals奉行的行为规则，典型的有共同的语言、术语与仪式Norms,reflected by things such as amount of work to do and degree of cooperation between management and employees标准，通过要完成的工作量及管理层与员工间的合作程度来反应。Dominant values organization advocates and expected participant

5、s to share(e.g.,low absenteeism,high efficiency)组织宣扬并希望参与者分享主导价值观（例如，低缺席率及高效率）6-4Organizational Culture(continued)Other values and beliefs:其他价值观和信仰Philosophy set forth regarding how to treat employees and customers所树立的如何对待员工和顾客的哲学。Rules dictating dos and donts of employee behavior pertaining to prod

6、uctivity intergroup cooperation 指导员工在诸如生产力、客户关系及内部团队合作领域该做什么和不该做什么的规则。Organizational climate as reflected by way participants interact with each other,treat customers,and feel about how treated by senior level management组织氛围是通过参与者互相影响的方式，对待顾客的方式及感觉到的高层领导对待自己的方式来反映的。6-56-6Dimensions of Organizational

7、 Culture公司文化的维度公司文化的维度P1236-7European Perceptions of CulturalDimensions of U.S.Operations(same MNC)欧洲人对同一跨国公司的美国美国分公司和欧洲人对同一跨国公司的美国美国分公司和A和欧洲分公司和欧洲分公司B文化维度的感知文化维度的感知P123Acvitities行为Job工作Corporate公司的Open开放的Tight严格的Conventional保守的Outputs结果Person员工Professional专业的Closed封闭的Loose松散的Pragmatic灵活的6-8European

8、 Management Characteristics欧洲的管理特征欧洲的管理特征P1246-96-10Organizational Culture in MNCs跨国公司的组织文化跨国公司的组织文化Four steps in integration of organizational 组织文化整合中的4个步骤cultures resulting from international expansion via mergers/acquisitions:组织文化是国际扩张合并和收购的结果1.Two groups establish purpose,goals,and focus of merg

9、er2.双方必须确立合并的目的、目标及重点2.Develop mechanisms to identify most important structures and manager roles3.双方必须制定一种机制已确认最重要的组织结构及管理角色3.Determine who has authority over resources4.双方必须决定谁拥有对完成工作所需资源的控制4.Identify expectations of all involved participates and facilitate communication between departments and in

10、dividuals5.双方必须明确所有相关的期望并方便此结构中部门间和人员的沟通6-11Four Cultural Types6-126-13Four Cultural Types2.Eiffel Tower:埃菲尔铁塔型文化Strong emphasis on hierarchy and orientation to task以着重强调等级和工作为向导Jobs well defined;coordination from top公司恰当地定义工作；每件事都自上而下协调好Culture narrow at top;broad at base文化结构顶部窄，底部宽Relationships sp

11、ecific and status remains with job关系是特定的，工作确定身份Few off-the-job relationships between manager and employee管理层很少与员工建立非工作的关系Formal hierarchy is impersonal and efficient正式的等级制是客观且有效率的。6-146-15Four Cultural Types4.Incubator Culture:孵化器型文化Strong emphasis on equality and personal orientation强调平等和员工导向Organi

12、zation as incubator for self-expression and self-fulfillment组织的角色是组织成员自我发展和自我实现的孵化器Little formal structure很少有正式结构Participants confirm,criticize,develop,find resources for,or help complete development of innovative product or service参与者主要充当证实、批评、发展、寻找资源或帮助实现革新性产品或服务的研制等角色。6-16National Patterns of Cor

13、porate Culture组织文化的民族模式组织文化的民族模式6-176-18Phases of Multicultural Development国际公司的演变国际公司的演变P1316-19Locations of Cross-CulturalInteraction国际跨文化相互作用的定位国际跨文化相互作用的定位P132Phase阶段国内公司国际公司跨国公司全球公司6-20Types of Multiculturalism各种类型的多元文化论各种类型的多元文化论Domestic Multiculturalism国内的多元文化论Multicultural and diverse workfo

14、rce operating in MNC home country 在跨国公司的原籍国的多元文化的和多种多样的劳动力Group Multiculturalism多元文化群体Homogenous groups同质群体Token groups象征群体Bicultural groups二元文化群体Multicultural groups多元文化群体6-21Potential Problems Associated with Diversity与多样性有关的潜在问题与多样性有关的潜在问题Perceptual problems观念问题观念问题When cultural diverse groups co

15、me together,often bring preconceived,erroneous stereotypes with them当多种文化背景的群体相遇时，经常会带来原先的，不正确的，老一套的观念和想法Inaccurate biases错误偏见错误偏见Inaccurate communication交流不顺畅交流不顺畅Attitudinal problems态度问题态度问题May cause lack of cohesion resulting in units inability to take concerted action or be productive可能会造成组织缺乏凝聚力以至于组织不能够采取一致行动或变的富有成效。6-22Advantages of Diversity多样性的优点多样性的优点Enhance creativity增强创造性Lead to better decisions有助于形成更好的决策More effective/productive results更有成效更有生产力的结果Prevent groupthink预防群体思维Can facilitate highly effective teams under right conditions在合适的条件下能够促进形成高效的团队6-236-24Review and Discuss