高级英语第2课-Marrakech课件.ppt

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1、LessonTwoMarrakechbyGeorgeOrwellAims1.Toknowthewritingtechniqueofexposition说明文.2.Tolearnthemethodsindevelopinganexpositorywriting,esp.theuseofexamples.3.ToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesTeachingContentsn1.Expositionn2.GeorgeOrwelln3.Detailedstudyofthetextn4.Organizationalpatternn5.Languagefeaturesn6.E

2、xercisesTimeallocation1.Backgroundinformation(15min.)2.Detailedstudyofthetext(120min.)3.Structureanalysis(15min.)4.Languageappreciation(15min.)5.Exercises(15min)ExpositionnAnexpositorypaperexplainsorexploressomething,suchastheprocessofmakingamachine,thecausesofanaturalorsocialphenomenon,theplanningo

3、faproject,orthesolutionofaproblem.Descriptionn-dealswithappearancesandfeelingsNarration-dealswitheventsandexperienceExpositionnThingscanbeexplainedbyDefinitionThekeytoadefinitionisconcreteness具体性.Onehastogiveconcretefactstomakeadefinitioneffective.3.ExamplesItsthesimplest,themostcommon,bestmethod.5.

4、ComparisonandcontrastWelikenonethingtoanotherbypointingouttheirsimilarities(comparison)Weemphasizethedifferencebetweenthetwo.(contrast)6.AnalysisWemaydiscussthecauseandeffectofahistoricalevent,itsnatureanditssignificanceinhistory.Twopoints1.Generallythewritermakesastatementofthecentralthoughtorofhis

5、purposequiteearly.Thisstatementissometimescalledthethesis,andmayevenbethetitleofthepiece.2.Sometimesthewritermayfirstpresentanddevelophisfactsandmakehisgeneralstatementasaconclusionattheend.TheTextItisanexposition,apoliticalessay.Orwellleavesnodoubtabouthisfeelingsconcerningcolonialismanditsresults.

6、Hehasshownthereaderhowmillionsofpeoplecanbeignoredandtreatedaslessthanhuman.Theme-nThesufferingandmiseryofthecolonialpeopleinMarrakechnThewritergivesdescriptionsbyexamples.Theobjectivepresentationofexamplesshowthatthepeopleincolonialcountriesarepoverty-stricken.GeorgeOrwellnABritishnovelistandessayi

7、stbetweenthetwoworldwarsGeorgeOrwellsphotoHisLifenHereceivedgoodeducationinBritainandstudiedinthemostfamousschoolEden“.HisLifenMarrakechisoneoftheplaceshetravelledto.Histravelmadehimtakeahostileattitudetowardimperialism.Heshoweddeepsympathyforthepoorandbecameafirmsupporterofsocialism.HisLifenHejoine

8、dSpanishWar.Hewasseriouslywounded.TheSpanishsocialistforcesdividedintofaction.Thefactionhebelongedtowaspersecuted.Sohebecamesopessimisticanddepressed,whichledhimtowardanti-communistattitude.Hisbook-AnimalFarmHisWorksnInreadinghisworks,severalaspectsdrawourattention:1.Hisworksshowsharppowersofobserva

9、tionanddeepsympathyforsufferingpeople.2.Hisworksgiveadeepsenseofconvictionandurgency.DetailedstudyofthetextnMarrakechThemapThemarket1Themarket2Detailedstudyofthetext#1nAsthecorpse.Theopeningparagraphisverydramatic.Thechoiceofthissceneandthewordsheusesimpliesmuchmorethanwhatappearsonthesurface.1)dirt

10、y2)poorinacloud-nalargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasamassacloudofinsectscrowd-nItsuggestsn1)thelackofordern2)peoplearenotterriblyconcernedaboutthefuneral.allmenandboys,nowomennAccordingtoMuslimlaw,Muslimsmustrespectwomen,andforthisreasongirlsandwomenusedtobekeptinthehouse,wheretheycouldbe

11、safe.Whentheywentout,theyworetheveilstocovertheirfaces.Butthislawhasbecomeakindofexcusetodiscriminateagainstwomen.pomegranates-nreferstothefruitofthepomegranatetree,anativeofAsia.Itisaroundreddishfruitwithamildflavour.ThewordcomestoEnglishfromtheoldFrench.pome-applegranate-havingmanyseedschant-1.awo

12、rdorgroupofwordsthatisrepeatedoverandoveragain,usuallybymorethanoneperson.2.areligiousprayerorsongthatisspokenorsungononlyaveryfewnotessothatthereisnotmuchvariationinit.appealto-nIfsomethingappealstoyou,youfinditattractiveorinterestingattract/interest/fascinateThesebooksaredesignedtoappealtochildren

13、.Theideaofbecomingdirectorofthefactoryappealedtohim.identify-nrecognise;beabletonameCanyouidentifyyourumbrellaamongahundredothers?Schoolboyscouldidentifyalmosteverycarasitpassedby.derelictbuilding-lotnItwouldbeanugly,forgotten,abandonedplacewhereabuildingwasbegunbutneverfinished.derelict-comesfromth

14、eLatinwordmeaning“toabandon”#2nHowpeopleareburiedinMarrakechwailashortchanthackanoblonghole(digwithoutcare)dumpthebodyflingoveritalittleofthedried-upearthThefactshowsthehumanlifehasnovalueatall.Thethesisn-Allcolonialempire.Itisthecolonialempiresthatmakethepeoplesopoor.Empiresarebuiltupbytreatingthep

15、eopleinthecolonieslikeanimals.Thisthesisisgoingtobesupportedbymoreillustrationsandexamples.Rhetoricalquestionsn-WhatsortofaudienceOrwellhadinmindwhenhewrotethisessay?-Clearlyheiswritingtoreadersofhisownraceandgeneralclass.Soifyousayyes,whydonttheyappeartobeso?undifferentiated-nYoucantdifferentiateon

16、ebrownstufffromanother,becausetheylookjustthesame.Iftheydohaveindividuality,itisirrecognizable,justlikeinsects,likebees.regularity-nastateorsituationinwhichthingshappenrepeatedlyThereisnoregularityabouthiswork.Hemakesthesamestupidsuggestionwithgreatregularity.Hisheartbeatswiththeregularityofaclockpe

17、ndulum.agazelle-gazellenahoofedmammalwithaslenderneckandringedhorns.Gazellesarefamousfortheirgraceandbeauty,andarenativetoAfricaandAsiamintsauce-nanEnglishspecialtymadeofacombinationofchoppedmintleaves,vinegar,andwater.Itstraditionallyservedwithroastlamb.stow-ntoput,hideawayinsafeplaceIfyoustowsth.s

18、omewhere,youputitneatlyawayinaplacewhereitcanbekeptuntilitisneeded.=storestowaway=hidestownWestowedalltheboxesintheattic.nPotatoesmustbestowedinacooldarkplace.nMyjewelleryissafelystowedawayinthebank.nHisbaggagewassafelystowedawayintheplane.#815nThewriterdescribedtheplight困境oftheJews,anpoorestminorit

19、yinacolonialcountry.Theirfatecouldbeworsethanthatofthenatives.quarters-napartment(room/house)residentialareaforparticularkindofpeoplenthedoctorsquartersnservantsquartersnofficersquartersnconfinedtoquartersnsleepingquartersghettoesorghettosnOrwellusesghettoshereinthetraditionalsenseofaportionofacityp

20、opulatedalmostexclusivelybyJews.nAghettoisapartofatownorcityinwhichmanypoorpeopleormanypeopleofaparticularrace,religion,ornationalityliveinisolationfromthemajoritygroupinthetownorcity.ghettoesorghettosItsaboutthisblackkidgrowingupintheghetto.-ghettolifeinEuropeancities-slumsandghettosovercrowding-na

21、dv+vingdry-cleaningover-eatingupdatingdowngradingsore-eyed-nEyesareinfestedfrom1.malnutrition2.lackofmedicalcare3.unhygienicconditionskull-cap-naclose-fittingbrimlesscapnItisoftenwornindoorsandoftenbyOrthodoxJews.MenwhostrictlypracticeJudaismareneversupposedtohavetheirheadsbared.Theremustbesomepiece

22、ofclothetc.betweenmanandGod.infest骚扰，寄生于-nWheninsects,ratsorotheranimalsinfestaplant,area,theyspreadinalargenumbersandcoverthearea,usuallycausingdamage.noverrun;swarm;pack;crowd;teem;flood;fill;bethickwithfly-infested-fulloffliesThebackyardwasinfestedbyrats.booth货摊，公用电话亭-nastallforsellinggoodspublic

23、telephoneboothanannouncerboothamotionpictureprojectionboothprehistoric史前的，陈旧的-nancient;out-of-dateorold-fashionedHisideasonmoralsarereallyprehistoric.(derogorhumor)nIsSimonsprehistoriccarstillworking?lathe-namachineforshapingwood,metalwarp-ntocausetobend,curve,ortwistoutofshapenThehotsunwarpedtheboa

24、rds.nSomegramophonerecordswarpinveryhotweather.frenziedadj.nfullofuncontrolledexcitementnWillthispushhimtoofarandleadtoafrenziedattack?nShewasclimbingnowwithasortoffrenziedhaste.-afrenziedmobofoverathousandstudent-makefrenziedeffortsself-contained-nselfsufficientAself-containedcommunityisoneinwhicha

25、llornearlyalltheneedsofthecommunityaremetfromwithin.Thereislittleneedtogooutsideformaterialorculturaldesires.TheJewishghettosareself-containednotonlybypreferencebutalsobynecessity,sinceJewsmayhavebeenunwelcomeoutside.agoodjob-coll.BrEnafortunatestateofaffairsnThisrestaurantisnotcheap,soitsagoodjobyo

26、uvebroughtplentyofmoney.nHesgone,andagoodjobtoo.Thatsonlyforshow-nTheJewonlypretendstoworkasapoorlabourer.show-n.sthfalseorsuperficial,pretencenImakeashowofinterest,butIreallycouldnthavecaredless.nHeputonagoodshow,buthedidntdeceiveanyone.nHeisnotreallyill;heisjustputtingonashow.witchcraft-nOrwellisp

27、robablyreferringtomanyoccasionsinthe1600sinbothEnglandandAmericawheninnocentwomenweretriedandoftenburnedorotherwisepunishedforwitchcraft.Bytheverynatureofthechargeitwasimpossiblefortheaccusedtodefendherself,justasitwasfortheJews.AndliketheJewswitchesservedasscapegoatsfortheillsofsocietythatcouldntbe

28、explained.SuchtrialsreachedtheirpeakinAmericaatSalem,Massachusetts.#1617nHaveyoualreadysensedoutthetone?Orwellhereisextremelybitterandironical.Hedidntopenlycriticizethewhitecolonialistswhopaidnoattentiontothepeoplewhosufferfrompovertyandmisery.Instead,hepretendsthattheyhaveasoundreasontoignoresuchpe

29、ople.Thepeoplesimplycannotbeseenbecausetheyareofthecoloroftheearth.InahotcountrynYoudontevenseethelaboreploughingthefield.nSouthofGibralter-allcountriesorearinNorthAfricanEastofSuez-themiddle-eastAsiancountriesItisonlybecauseofthisn“This”herestandsforthefactthatpeoplealwaysmissthepeasantslaboringint

30、hefieldsbecausetheyhavethecoloroftheearth.Itisonlybecauseofthisreasonthatthesepoorstarvedcountriesareacceptedastouristresorts.WhatdoesMoroccomean.nMoroccobeingaFrenchcolony,tomanyFrenchmenMoroccohasnomoremeaningthanaplacewheretheymightfindagovernmentjob,buyanorangegrovewiththeirmoneyorinvesthismoney

31、.ToanEnglishmanMoroccomeansnothingbutaromantic,mysteriouscountrywhichhehasreadinthenovels.Camels,castlesaretheromanticbitsinhismindbythenovels.erode-nwearaway;eatintoIfrockorsoilerodesoriserodedbytheweather,seaorwind,itcracksandbreakssothatitisgraduallydestroyed.nRainandriverserodedthesoftsand-stone

32、s.desolate-nbarren;(ofaplace)inaruinedandneglectedstate1.Ifsthisdesolate,itisemptyofpeopleandlackingincomfort.2.Ifsb.isdesolate,theyfeelverysad,lonelyandwithouthope.Theforestwasleftdesolatebythefire.Afterthewarthetownwasadesolateplace.Shehasbeendesolatesincelosingherjob.desolate-nv.-Thelandwasdesola

33、tedbyfloods.Weweredesolatedbythedeathofourgoodfriend.lucerne-nnamedfromtheFrenchLuzerne(glowworn-fromitsshinyseeds)ismorecommonlycalledalfalfa.Itiswidelycultivatedandusedasforage.fodder-n.nroughfoodforcattleorhorses,gatheredfromthefieldsandstorednspike-n.longpointedpieceofmetalwithanoutwardorupwardp

34、ointnharrow-n.heavyframewithmetalteethordisksforbreakingupgroundafterploughingThisisasmuchequaltonTheanimalsyokedtotheploughhadjustenoughstrengthtoploughthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches.Theycouldnotmakedeeperfurrows.getatntoreachnMarrakechisverydry.Evenatadepthof30or40feetthereisonlybutatrickleofwat

35、er.Para19.nMiserablelifeofwomenIsupposethatnTheauthorgavetheoldwomanalittlemoney.Theresponsewasashrillwailforshewasgreatlysurprised.Theoldwomanwasfullyaccustomedtohermiserableexistenceandtonotbeingtakennoticeofbyanyone,soshealmostconsideredtheauthortobedoingsomethingunnaturalbygivingherthemoney.Shea

36、cceptedhernShetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthesociety,thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal.St.Bernarddog-nASaintBernarddogisalarge,strongdog,thebreedofwhichcomesfromSwitzerland.Thesedogsareoftenusedasapatroldogsinthemountains.ThenamecomesfromthemonksoftheSaintBernardmon

37、asterywhomadeuseofthebreed.fifteen-handsmulenAmuleabout60inchesor5feethighinfuriate-v.nfillwithfuryorrageoutrage;aggravate;enrage;provokeComparisonnDonkeyandWomannBothareoverloaded.nBotharewillingcreatures.nBotharesmall.nBothareill-treated.nBothhaveanmiserableend.ContrastnDonkeyandWomannVisiblenInvi

38、siblenImplication-Womenareworsetreated.Para.22.As the storks nThe passive plodding,earth-bound blacks are contrasted with the glittering white birds so great,pure and lofty who sail above them in the sky.While the former are weighed down by heavy packs,are sweating and uncomfortably hot,the latter a

39、re to soar unfettered in the cool sky aboveContrastnStork-northnNegrosouthclumpandclatternonomatopoeiawordsdescribingthesoundofbootsandironwheelsastheymovedovertheroad.SenegalesenTheblacksoldierswerefromSenegal.nSenegal:RepublicofSenegal,acountryinwesternAfrica,formerlypartofFrenchWestAfrica,populat

40、ion5,085,388,capitalDakar.Itbecameindependentin1960.Senegalese1Map of Senegalreach-me-downnBritishcolloquialismnsecond-handorreadymadeclothingwide-eyednWiththeeyesopenedwidely,asbecauseofsurprise,fear,lackofsophisticationIsawhowitwas.nIunderstandthereasonwhy.nThisistheresultofcolonizationThiswretche

41、dboy.nThismiserableblackboyis,asaresultofthecolonizationofhiscountry,aFrenchcitizen.Thereforehehasbeenforcedtoleavehishomeintheforestandcometoagarrisontownwherehehastodohardlaborsuchasscrubbingfloorsforthewhitesandwherehewillcatchsyphilis.Howeverthisboy,insteadofhatingthewhites,hasdeeprespectforthem

42、.Inthisconnectionninthiscase.nWhilespeakingofsuchthings(whilespeakingoftheonethoughtwhicheverywhitemanthinks)Itdoesntmattertwopence:nItdoesntmatterabit.nItdoesntmatteratall.NCOnN.C.O.orNonCOsnNon-commissionedofficer;anenlistedpersonofanyvariousgradesinthearmedforces,fromcorporal(下士)tosergeant(军士)inc

43、lusiveranksnThebodyofsoldiersofanarmy,asdistinguishedfromtheofficers.ncattles/soldiers-obedientSymbolnwhitebird/scrapsofpaper-symbolicoffreedomFiveexamplestoillustratethefact1.theburialofthepoorpeople2.anemployeeofthemunicipality3.poorlivingandworkingconditionsoftheJews4.poornaturalconditions5.miser

44、ablelifeofwomenThecauseoftheirpovertyn1.ColonizationAllcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact(para.1;17)n2.RacialdiscriminationThepeoplehavebrownfaces-besidestherearesomanyofthem(para.3)Heisthesamecolourastheearth,(para.16)Thecauseoftheirpovertyn3.BlackpeoplesignoranceHeshowedhisprofoundresp

45、ecttohisenemy.He.hasfeelingsofreverencebeforeawhiteskinOnlytheNegroesdidntknowit“n4.PoornaturalconditionsOrganizationalpatternnSect.1(para1-2)Ex.1nobjectivepresentationofExample1theburialofthepeopleinMarrakechnSect.2(para3)thethesis-“Allcolonialempiresarefoundeduponthisfact”ntheauthorscentralideaCol

46、onizationisbasedonthefactthatpeopleareverypoor.OrganizationalpatternnSect.3(para4-7)Ex.2TheArabiangovernmentemployeeisaspoorasabeggar.nSect.4(para8-15)Ex.31)thelivingconditionsoftheJews2)thehardworktheJewsdo3)biasedattitudeagainsttheJewsOrganizationalpatternnThespecificexampleofthepeopleclamouringfo

47、racigaretteshowsthatthepeoplearesopoor,yetpeoplestillhaverumoursaboutthemandhavegreatprejudiceagainstthem.OrganizationalpatternnSect.5(para16-18)Ex.4nThecountryisverypoor.Thepovertywasnotnoticedbythewhitepeople.Becauseoftheirblackcolor,thewhitepeopledidntevenseethem.n1Thesoilsarepoor.dried-upsoilero

48、dedsoildesolatewastebroken-upbrick“n2Everythingisdonebyhand.capitalLs“Organizationalpatternn3Thefarmingtoolsarerough.Theploughissofrail,aroughironspikewhichstirsthesoiltoadepthofaboutfourinches.“n4Thefarminganimalsareweakandthepeasantscalculatecarefully.n5Thenaturalconditionsarepoor.dryTheyhadtodigd

49、eepditches.OrganizationalpatternnSect.6(para19-21)Ex.5themiserablelifeofwomennThewriterisdescribingobjectivelythephysicalappearanceoftheoldwoman,yethisangercomesthrough.Noticehischoiceofwords.(poor;old;mummified;reducedtobones;leatheryskin;bentdouble;crushingweight)OrganizationalpatternnSect.7(para2

50、2-26)conclusiondescriptionoftheblacktroopsingeneralandoneblacksoldierindividually.nItwontbelongforthewhitepeopletokeeptheseblackpeopleinignorance.Language1.simplewords,simplestatementstoconveydeepermeaning2.theuseofrhetoricalquestionswhichisveryeffectiveinconveyinghisanger3.terse,lucidprosestyle.Br.