Unit 1 Science and Scientists 词汇学案-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册.docx

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1、WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 11.severe adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地1)重病/剧痛severe disease/pain 2)恶劣的天气/严冬severe weather/winter3)面临严峻挑战face severe challenges4)任何人违反法律都将被严惩。(主语从句)Whoever breaks the law will be severely punished.2.diarrhoea n.腹泻1)我腹泻/拉肚子。I have diarrhoea.3.frustrated adj. 懊恼的

2、; 沮丧的; 失意的frustrate vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的frustration n.懊恼，沮丧 ，令人懊恼的事物in frustration 懊恼地，沮丧地同义词：discouraged/depressed/disappointed1)用frustrate及其正确形式填空What _ me most was the_ results of our teams narrow defeat in the final, after which the players looked very _ and the fans left the st

3、adium in _ .4.once and for all 最终地; 彻底地同义词：completely/entirely/totally 1)我们得彻底解决这个难题。We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all.5.contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的be contradictory to 与矛盾/相反contradict v. 反驳; 与相矛盾1) What he said was contradictory to the truth. 6.When we are frequently

4、exposed to g_, we may get i_ easily.infection n. 感染;传染infect vt. 使感染;传染infect sb. with sth. 使某人感染上./把.传染给某人infected adj.被感染的；sb. be infected with sth. 某人感染/传染上 infectious adj.有传染性的；有感染力的1)The _(infect) seems mild, so she should be better soon.2)When a person has an _(infect) disease, he will be sepa

5、reted from others. 3)The _(infect) patients are positive.4)Go away, I dont want to infect you with my cold.5)The official says that few people are infected with the virus thanks to the effective prevention.7.subscribe vi.认购(股份); 定期订购/缴纳(会费); 定期捐助subscribe to 同意/赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助subscribe A to B 把A捐赠给Bs

6、ubscriber n.订阅人；定期捐款者相近词：describe v. 描述1)I have subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life. 2)You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.3)China has subscribed many goods _ other countries to defeat the COVID-19.8.proof n.C&U证据; 证明; 检验 & adj. 防的；proo

7、fs 复数prove v.证实，证明；证明是；结果是同义词：evidence 同类变化：chiefs首领 / roofs屋顶/ beliefs信仰1) a bullet-proof vest 防弹背心 2) waterproof 防水的9. multiple adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的multiply v.大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖Mothers have m_ tasks1)If you multiply 6 by 9, youll get 54.前缀 multi- 可加在单词前构成新词，其含义是 “多的”“多倍的”。例如：multiple 多个的 multi-cultural 多元文化

8、的 multimedia 多媒体 multifunctional多功能的 multi-national多国的 multicoloured 多彩的 / 五彩斑斓的 multitask 同时处理多项任务10.household n.C一家人;家庭; 同住一套房子的人 adj.家用的;全家的;家喻户晓的household appliances11.suspect sspekt v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任; sspekt n.C犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做过某事suspect sb. to be 怀疑某人是.suspect + that从句 怀疑

9、.1)We suspected him _ giving away the secrets to the enemy.2)The boss suspected him to be the thief without any proof.3)I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.4)谁拥有着同样的特征都会被怀疑是嫌疑犯。(主语从句)Whoever has the same characteristic will be suspected to be the suspect.suspect sb. of (doing)

10、sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事12.常用“动词+sb.+of sth.”的结构：convince sb of sth 使某人相信inform sb of sth 通知某人某事warn sb. of sth 警告某人某事cure sb. of sth. 治某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事13.blame v.把归咎于.; 责怪; 指责 & n.责任; 责备; 指责be to blame (for sth.) (对坏事)负有责任; (因某事)应受责备bear/take the blame (for sth

11、.) (对某事)承担责任blam sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人/归咎于.blame sth. on sb. 把某物归咎到某人身上lay/put the blame for sth on sb.把某事归咎于某人1)We are to blame for the failure.2)The criminal should take the blame for the murder.3)The mother blamed his kids for their mistakes.14.handle n.C把手; 拉手; 柄&v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵(车辆/动物/工

12、具等)turn the handle the handle of a knife1)处理问题/事情/危机 handle the problem/matter/crisis.同义词： solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope with15.intervention n.介入; 出面; 干涉intervene v.干预/涉；调解1) 市场/政府干预market/government intervention2)非法干预illegally intervene 16.link n.C联系; 纽带; 链接& v.把.连接起来; 相关联a link between A and

13、 B A与B之间的联系C link A to/with B C把A和B连接/联系起来A be linked to/with B (by C) A与B被C连接起来/A与B相关联1) 数据链a data link2)There is a direct link between diet and heart disease.3)The country has built a sea-crossing bridge, which links the island _ the mainland.4)Remember, your growth _(link) with the care and love

14、of your parents.17.raw adj. 未煮/生的; 未经处理的/原始的1)原材料raw materials 2)未经处理的废物 raw waste18.pure adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的pure water 纯净水raw water n. 未净化的水19.substantial adj.大量的; 价值巨大/重大的;牢固的；实质性的substance n.C&U 物质;材料;实质substantial breakfastsubstantial sums of money1)证据确凿substantial proof20.increase v. 增加 decreasedk

15、ris v.减少; 减小; 降低 dikris n.减少; 降低: 减少量同义词: reduce/fall/drop1) 人口大量减少a substantial population decreasedecrease from A to B 从A减少到Bdecrease to. 减少到.decrease by 减少了decease in 在方面减少 dikris n.减少; 降低: 减少量on the decrease 正在减少21.thanks to / owing to /due to /as a result of /because of /on account of +名词短语/动名词

16、 because/since/as/for +从句 22.statistic n.C(常用复数)统计数字;统计资料; 统计学1)官方/人口统计official/population statistics23.transform v.使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变transform A (from B) into C 把A(从B)变成CA be transformed (from B) into C A被(从B)变成Ctransformer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器transformation n.C&U改变;转化1)We can transform electricity _ ligh

17、t energy as well as into heat energy. =Electricity can be transformed into light energy as well as into heat energy (by us). 2)只有当我们把压力转化为动力，才能实现自己的目标。Only when we transform the pressure into the power, can we attain the aims.24.microscope n.C显微镜binoculars n.(用复数)双筒望远镜telescope n.C望远镜25.thinking n.U

18、思想; 思维; 见解thought n.C思想；关心；想法；思考think v.认为; 思考; 思索; 思想 1)Hes thinking is innovative because he always comes up with new thoughts.26. virus n.C病毒 viruses 复数viral adj. 病毒性的go viral 像病毒般扩散；走红 27.solid adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 & n.C固体liquid adj.液体的, 液态的 & n.液体gas n 气体1)固体材料solid materials2)打下坚实的基础lay a solid fou

19、ndation 3)There is _(可靠的证据)to show he wasnt there when the crime took place.28.cast v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向投以(视线/笑容)cast down 降低/使向下; 使沮丧1)The little boy cast his line into the stream, catching a fish soon.2)The moon cast a bright light over the garden.3)The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.4)He cas

20、t her an admiring glance.5)She blushed, casting her eyes down.6)He was cast down by the sad news.29.shadow n.C影子；阴影/阴暗处；黑眼圈 v.投阴影于cast a shadow on. 在某处投下/留下影子; 给.蒙上阴影1)An unhappy childhood would cast a shadow on ones whole life.2)她看上去脸色苍白，眼睛下方有很深的黑眼圈。（with的复合结构）She looked pale, with deep shadows und

21、er her eyes.30.pour v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下；pour into/in 涌进1)She poured _ all her troubles to him.2)The rain continued to pour _.3)Light was pouring _ the courtyard.4)他是那样焦急，泪水顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。He was so anxious that tears poured /streamed/trickled/ran /rolled down h

22、is cheeks.哭：burst into tears/burst out cryingbe in tears/be close to tearshave tears in ones eyestears well up in ones eyes /weep/cry/sobtears pour/ roll/run/ stream down ones cheek31.concrete adj.混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的 & n.U混凝土concretely adv.具体地（反 abstractly抽象地，理论上地）lack of concrete evidence 缺少具体的证据 1)The

23、 floor is made of concrete.2)混凝土会像岩石一样坚固。The concrete will be as solid as a rock.3)确凿的证据concrete evidence /substantial proof32.hit the nail on the head说得中肯，一针见血1)vt. （用手或器具）击，打An outbreak of cholera hit Europe.2)vt. to have a bad effect on sb/sth 产生不良影响；打击；危害3)Follow this footpath and youll eventual

24、ly hit the road. vt. 到达（某地）4)Temperatures hit 40C yesterday.vt. 达到（某水平）5) Her new series is a smash hit . n. 很受欢迎的人（或事物） 他发现有两条街道的霍乱疫情非常严重，以致于10天内就有500多人死亡。He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.so.that. 如此.以致于1）.It

25、was so noisy in the hall that I couldnt hear what you said.2.）He ran so quickly that I couldnt catch him.3）.It is so good a film that I want to see it again.4.）There were so few guests that the host felt very sad.5）.There was so much snow on the road that the car couldnt move.总结：1）.so+_/_+that从句2）.s

26、o +adj.+_+可数名词单数3.）so+few/many+_+that从句4.）so +much/little+_+that从句such.that. 如此.以致于1.）It is such a heavy box that I can not lift it.2.）They are such clever boys that their teacher often discuss difficult problems with them.3.）It is such fine weather that I want to play basketball outside.总结：1.such+_

27、+that从句so /such 及其成分放在句首时，主句要用_倒装。1.）The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.半倒So strong _the wind that we could hardly move forward.他取得了飞快的进步以致于老师都表扬了他。He made such rapid progrress that he was praised by the teacher.半倒Such rapid progress _ he made that he was praised by the teacher.1.）There was _ much work to do that everybody got tired.2.)This is such _ important meeting that everyone should attend it.=This is _that everyone should attend it.3).袁隆平如此伟大以至于我们每个人都非常尊敬他。（部分倒装）So great was Yuan Longping that we all respect him greatly.6学科网（北京）股份有限公司