高考英语一轮复习外刊语法填空(The cyberwar in Ukraine) 讲义.docx

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1、The cyberwar in UkraineThe digital frontUkraine has shown howcyber-defence canprevailWars are testbeds for new technology. The Korean war saw jetfighters1._(employed)at scale for the first time. Israelpioneeredthe use ofdronesasradardecoysin its war with Egypt in1973. And the Gulf war of1991was a co

2、ming-out party for GPS-guidedmunitions. Russiasinvasionof Ukraine is the first time 2._(that) twomaturecyber-powers have fought each other over computer networks inwartime. The result is a lesson in the limits ofcyber-power and the importance of having a sound defence.The popular notion of cyberwar

3、has been shaped byluridanddystopianscenariosof an “electronic Pearl Harbour”, firstenvisagedin the1990s and accentuated by therelentlessdigitisation of society. Those fears have been fanned byglimpsesof the possible. The American-Israeli Stuxnet worm, 3._(which) came to light in2010,inflicteddamage

4、on Iranian nuclearmachinerywith fiendishingenuity. Russian malware sabotaged Ukraines power grid in2015and2016.Yet when a full-blowncyberwar came to Ukraine, the result wasmodest. This was not for want of trying. Russia has thrown vast amounts of malware at Ukrainethe largestonslaughtever, say some

5、officials. There were somenotablesuccesses, such as thedisruptionof Viasat, acommercialsatellite-communicationsservice used by Ukraines government and 4. _(armed)forces, less than an hour 5._ (before) theinvasion.But,despiteRussiascyber-warriors, Ukraines lights, power and water stayed on. The banks

6、 remained open. Perhaps most important, Volodymyr Zelensky, Ukraines president, continued to makenightlytelevisionbroadcaststo the nation. How?Part of the answer lies in Russias missteps. Itlimiteditsinitialstrikes because itassumedthat Ukrainian infrastructure would soon come 6._（under） its control

7、. Russiascyber-forces also have less experience ofintegratingcyber-operations withmilitaryones than their Americancounterparts, who have been doing it for30years.Theconflictalso shows howwartimecyber-power has beenmiscast. Spectacularcyber-attacks are rare because they are much more 7._(demanding) t

8、hancommonlythought. The Russiansabotageof Ukraines power grid in2016, for instance, 8._(took) more than two years to prepare. Viasat-like attacks are not mass-producedmissilesthat can belaunchedat any target. They are custom-made.It is still early 9._(to draw）solidconclusions. The war isragingand ne

9、w malware is appearing all the time. Russia may be keeping some of its mostpotentcyber-capabilitiesinreserve. Yet the first signs are encouraging. It has often beenassumedthat thecyber-domainis an attackers playground, and 10._(that) malware will always get through and causedevastation. Ukraine hasd

10、efiedexpectationsand shown that even one of the planets best-resourcedcyber-powers can be kept atbaywith adisciplinedand well-organised defence.Answer：employed that which armed before under demanding took to draw that解析短语：1.原文：The American-Israeli Stuxnet worm, which came to light in 2010, inflicted

11、 damage on Iranian nuclear machinery with fiendish ingenuity.词典：come to light 暴露；真相大白；众所周知例句：New evidence has recentlycometolight.新的证据最近已披露出来。2.原文：This was not for want of trying. 词典：for want of 缺乏例句：The project failedforwantoffinancial backing.这个项目由于缺少财政支援而告吹。3.原文：There were some notable successes,

12、 such as the disruption of Viasat, a commercial satellite-communications service used by Ukraines government and armed forces, less than an hour before the invasion.词典：armed forces武装部队；陆海空三军例句：Every member of thearmedforcesis a hero.武装部队的每个人都是英雄。4.原文：It limited its initial strikes because it assumed

13、 that Ukrainian infrastructure would soon come under its control.词典：under control 处于控制之下；情况正常例句：Weve got to get the economyundercontrolor it will literally eat us up.我们必须控制住经济，否则它真地就会把我们困住。5.原文：The Russian sabotage of Ukraines power grid in 2016, for instance, took more than two years to prepare.词典：

14、for instance 例如例句：If you smell something unusual (gas fumes or burning,forinstance), take the car to your mechanic.如果你闻到了异味（例如汽油味或燃烧味），就把车带给你的修理工。6.原文： One is that cyber-campaigns can run out of steam. 词典：run out of steam 失去势头；精疲力竭例句：Poor supervision, bad job prospects or lackofmoney cause them toru

15、noutofsteam.缺少职业指导，前途渺茫，经济拮据成了他们最终放弃的原因。7.原文：They resorted to more basic attacks that could be launched at high tempo and scale.词典：at a high tempo 快节奏地例句：In the first half there were lots of good chancesatboth ends and the game was playedatahightempo.上半场双方都机会多多，比赛节奏很快，质量很高。8.原文：The second implicatio

16、n is that elaborate cyber-offensives are often needed the most when raw violence is off the table.词典： off the table不予考虑；免谈例句：Once death wasoffthetable, however, jurors could convict with a clearer conscience.一旦死刑被废除，陪审团定罪就能更加问心无愧。9.原文：Russias recent air attacks show that Iranian drones are a cheaper

17、 and simpler way to knock out the power grid.词典：knock out 敲空；击倒；打破；使筋疲力竭例句：What kinds of events couldknockouta diesel generator?什么事件可能使得柴油发电机故障？10.原文：Wartime cyber-offensives tend to complement military action rather than replace it.词典：rather than 而不是；宁可也不愿例句：He will drain,ratherthanenrich, the coun

18、try.他将耗尽而不是增加国家的财富。11.原文：So, too, did private firms like Microsoft, an American tech giant, and ESET, a cyber-security company from Slovakia, which monitor traffic on Ukrainian networks, often using artificial intelligence to comb through huge volumes of code.词典：comb through 梳理例句：Combthroughthe hair

19、 to get rid of excess hair.把头发里的头发茬梳掉。11.原文：It is still early to draw solid conclusions. 词典：draw conclusions 下结论例句：Its too soon todrawconclusionsabout a complex issue.对于这样一个复杂的问题太快得出结论还为时过早。长难句1.原文：The American-Israeli Stuxnet worm, which came to light in 2010, inflicted damage on Iranian nuclear ma

20、chinery with fiendish ingenuity.2.分析：该句主句是（The American-Israeli Stuxnet worm inflicted damage on Iranian nuclear machinery；which引导了非限制性定语从句，先行词是The American-Israeli Stuxnet worm，in 2010是时间状语。3.译文：2010年曝光的美国以色列震网蠕虫病毒（American-Israeli Stuxnet worm）以极其巧妙的方式破坏了伊朗的核机器。1. 原文：It has often been assumed that

21、 the cyber-domain is an attackers playground, and that malware will always get through and cause devastation.2. 分析：主句的结构为主语（It）谓（has often been assumed）宾语从句（that the cyber-domain is an attackers playground, and that malware will always get through and cause devastation.）。that都引导宾语从句，第一个that引导的宾语从句的结

22、构是主（the cyber-domain）系（is）表（an attackers playground），第二个that引导的宾语从句的结构是主（malware）谓（will always get through and cause）宾（devastation）。3. 译文：人们都觉得，网络领域就是攻击者的游乐场，病毒总是能侵入并造成破坏。写作技巧：1. But if the cyber-conflict has underwhelmed, it is Ukraine that ultimately deserves the most credit.译文：但是，如果说网络冲突只是小风小浪，那么

23、乌克兰最终应该得到最大的赞誉。生词：under-为词前缀，表示“在.下面；不足；低于”Underclothes 内衣；衬衣undernourished 营养不足的；缺少食物的Want more imformation from Wechat Subscription Richie英语教书匠例句：The UN estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world areundernourished.联合国估计,世界上有近8亿人口营养不良.背景知识：1. ESET：英文：ESET, spol. s r.o.是总部位于斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发的一家世界知名的电脑安全软件公司，创立于1992年，由两家私有公司合并而成，最知名的产品为NOD32防毒软件。段落大意：【1】战争是新技术的试验台。【2】网络战这一概念的由来。【3】网络战对乌克兰影响较小。【4】在俄罗斯的网络攻击下，乌克兰仍正常运行。【5】部分原因在于俄罗斯的失误。【6】这场冲突也体现了战时网络力量是如何被错误分配的。【7】现在下结论还为时过早。6学科网（北京）股份有限公司