2021届高考英语二轮复习天天练题型四语法填空一第二节非谓语动词有提示词类ppt课件.ppt

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1、第二节非谓语动词考点一作主语和表语 方法点津1非谓语动词作主语(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动词ing形式，还是不定式形式作主语。(2)掌握用动词ing形式/不定式形式作主语的句型：Itsadj.(for/of sb.)to do sth.It is no use/good doing sth.It takes sb.some time to do sth.Its worthwhile to do/doing sth.2非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。现在分词作表语修饰物，意为“令人感到的”，而过去分词作表语修饰人，意为“本身感到的

2、”。真题题组1(2019 高考全国卷)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take (get)there.解析：此处是 It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.句型，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”。to get 2(2018高考全国卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he does

3、nt feel (challenge)解析：根据句子结构可知，空处作系动词feel的表语，主语为he，故要用challenged，表示“受到挑战的”。challenged 3(2018高考浙江卷改编)While regularly eating out seems (become)common for many young people in recent years,its not without a cost.解析：seem是系动词，其后应接不定式作表语。根据语境和句中时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用不定式的现在完成式，表示动作已经完成。seem to have don

4、e sth.“似乎已经做了某事”。to have become 考点二作宾语方法点津牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构1介词后常常接动词ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。2只能跟不定式作宾语的动词：wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,plan,fail,choose等。3只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,avoid,escape,enjoy,conside

5、r,finish,miss,include,keep on,feel like,get down to,object to等。4既可用动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：remember,forget,regret,stop,go on,need,start,begin,try 等。注意它们含义的不同之处。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)They represent the earth (come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，其后

6、为宾语。名词earth与come back to之间为主谓关系，所以用动词ing形式构成动名词的复合结构作宾语。故填coming。coming2(2019高 考 全 国 卷)Scientists have responded by (note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are higher than they actually are.解析：介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doi

7、ng sth.“通过做某事回应”。noting 3(2019高考全国卷)A 90yearold has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for (be)Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 40 hours a week.解析：介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。being 4(2019高考浙江卷)One study in America found that students grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms.Bu

8、t some students didnt want (wear)the uniform.解析：want to do sth.“想要做某事”。动词不定式作宾语。to wear 5(2018高考全国卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die)early by running.解析：reduce ones risk of.“降低某人的风险”，此处介词of后跟动名词形式，故填 dying。dying 考点三作定语 方法点津提示词是动词，且句中已有谓语，根据非谓语动词与主语之间的逻辑关系确定用何种形式作定

9、语。1不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未进行；现在分词作后置定语表示主动；过去分词作后置定语表示被动、完成。若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done。2看见first,second,last等序数词以及形容词最高级(名词)时，用不定式作定语。3抽象名词ability,chance,opportunity,promise等后常用不定式作后置定语。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced

10、 to tears.解析：句意：当他看到从河上升起薄雾，轻绕山巅的浮云，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds为动词see的宾语，后面 (surround)the mountain tops作其定语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，因与逻辑主语clouds是主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填surrounding。surrounding 2(2019高考全国卷)When we got a call (say)she was shortlisted，we thought it was a joke.解析：say与前面的a call之间是主谓关系，故填saying，

11、现在分词短语saying.作后置定语，修饰a call。saying 3(2019高考北京卷)Earth Day，(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.解析：本句是主系表结构，由连系动词is可知空格处填非谓语动词形式。Earth Day与mark之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。marked 4(2017高考天津卷改编)I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I

12、had a train (catch)解析：句意：整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。此处为固定表达sb.have sth.to do“某人有某事要做”。本句中catch的逻辑主语为I，与句子的主语一致，作名词a train的后置定语，故应用动词不定式的主动形式。to catch 考点四作状语和宾语补足语方法点津1分析逻辑关系(1)作状语表目的、出乎意料的结果或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词或过去分词；自然而然的结果用现在分词。(2)作宾语补足语根据具体结构用(to)do/doing/done。如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，且表正在进行，用doin

13、g；如逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是动宾关系，且表完成，用done。2牢记4种用法(1)不定式作宾语补足语：tell/order/allow/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invitesb.to do sth.。(2)后面用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)“五看，三 使，二 听，一 感 觉”：look at/watch/notice/see/observe；make/have/let；listen to/hear；feelsb.do sth.。但在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be made to do。(3)have sb./sth.doin

14、g“让某人/某物一直做”，have sth.done“让某事被做”。(4)主语系动词形容词(easy,hard,impossible,important 等)to do。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4 (find)and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.解析：句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。to find 2(2020高考

15、全国卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.解析：句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them与decorate之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。decorated 3(2020高考全国卷)They are easy (care)for and make great presents.解析：句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be形容词t

16、o do”结构。故填to care。to care 4(2020高考全国卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find)the wellknown painter.解析：句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意，表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式作目的状语。故填to find。to find 5(2018高考全国卷)Once his message was delivered,he allowed me (stay)and watch.解析：allow sb.to do s

17、th.“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法，其中不定式短语作宾语补足语。故填to stay。to stay 技巧点拨如何区分谓语动词和非谓语动词1根据动词形式判断谓语和非谓语一个简单句只能有一个谓语或并列谓语，其他动词形式叫非谓语动词。If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu,he will probably ask if youve tried hot pot.Everyone (live)here seems to love it.分析“Everyone (live)here seems to love it.”是简单句，seems 作

18、谓语，故空处应用非谓语动词，且动词live和句子主语everyone之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词living作定语。2利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干主语和谓语。如果设空处作谓语，则要用谓语动词；如果设空处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。(1)Every day (read)a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.分析由句子结构可知，题干中有连词until，until引导时间状语从句，故“Every day (read)a proverb aloud several times

19、”为主句，此处应为祈使句，故应用动词原形read。(2)(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.分析由句子结构可知，题干中无连词，had作谓语动词，故设空处需用非谓语动词。raise与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Raised作状语。.单句训练1 (remove)oily marks,you could use a solution of vinegar,water,dishwasher liquid,and baking soda to get

20、 rid of them.2Just remember (shape)your life as a game of your own design.To removeto shape3It gives an impression of Dings new home as an ideal scholars cottage nestled in a landscape,(overlook)a stretch of water.4For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something (eat)!5I heard a passe

21、nger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused (stop)until we reached the next stop.overlookingto eatto stop6This land was difficult (farm)but now water has been pumped into the fields.7 (face)with the difficult situation,he took courage and overcame it at last.8We were astonished (find)the te

22、mple still in its original condition.to farmFacedto find9He got wellprepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk losing(lose)the good opportunity.10Inspired(inspire)by the spirit of the spider,the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully.11Every morning I get up at 6：00 because

23、 I have two dogs waiting(wait)at the door for me to take them out for the routine walk.12Scientists have discovered that (stay)in the cold could help us lose weight.13If you hand in your homework late,attach a note (explain)the reason for the delay.14The airport (complete)next year will help promote

24、 tourism in this area.15At the party,the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself (notice)stayingexplainingto be completednoticed.语篇专练 The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret.Besides 1.(provide)us with food,wood and most importantly,oxygen,they have one more thing

25、blocking out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery was made by a team 2.(consist)of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)and high school students who were seeking a natural water filterone that would help communities in 3.(develop)countries that do not have access to mod

26、ern water filter systems.The researchers,led by Professor Rohit Karnik,decided 4.(turn)to trees for help because they could allow liquid 5.(flow)through,while blocking out air bubbles.They began by 6.(cut)1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people 7.(relate)t

27、hen tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water 8.(contain)red dye particles of different sizes through.To their amazement,they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles.9.(encourage),the team conducted another experiment,this time with water which contained bacteria.Sure eno

28、ugh,the sapwood held back 99%of the bacteria，10.(allow)only 1%to flow through.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了树木对人类生活的重要性。一项研究发现，树木还可以消灭有害细菌。1解析：考查非谓语动词作宾语。besides 为介词，介词后需用动词ing形式作宾语。答案：providing2解析：考查动词ing形式作后置定语。consist of“由组成”，无被动形式，所以用动词ing形式作定语。答案：consisting3解析：考查固定搭配。developing countries“发展中国家”。答案：developi

29、ng4解析：考查非谓语动词作宾语。decide to do“决定做”，动词decide后用不定式作宾语。答案：to turn5解析：考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。allow.to do.“允许做”。答案：to flow6解析：考查非谓语动词作宾语。by为介词，其后用动词ing形式作宾语。答案：cutting7解析：考查非谓语动词作后置定语。先行词为people，且relate与people之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。答案：related8解析：考查非谓语动词作后置定语。此处指包含有大小不一的红色染色颗粒的水，water与动词contain之间为主谓关系。答案：containing9解析：

30、考查非谓语动词作状语。encourage与句子主语the team之间为动宾关系。答案：Encouraged10解析：考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意：非常确信的是，边材(sapwood)阻止了 99%的细菌，只有1%的细菌逃脱。the sapwood与allow之间为主谓关系。答案：allowing.仿真题组A (2020黑龙江大庆一中高三三模)When people hear the word“rat”，they may think of dirty animals that spread disease.And if you are an English learner,you may a

31、lso connect the word“rat”with bad 1.(express)For example,calling someone a“rat”is 2.big insult and“rat race”describes a joyless,hurried way of living.So rats 3.(general)are not beloved animals either in life or the English language.But the rat trainers at the nonprofit organization,APOPO,see the ani

32、mals very differently.Based on Tanzania,APOPO trains giant rats 4.(find)landmines.Humans 5.(use)metalsearching devices to do this work for years.But ratsit turns outdo it better.And they also cost 6.(little)money.APOPO estimates that worldwide there are 110 million 7.(hide)explosives(爆炸物)left over f

33、rom wars.These explosives are still“live”，or able to explode.The work that APOPO does is really important in spreading the fact 8.rats are not just a pest.They really are 9.(hero)and they show us every day that they are worthy 10.that name.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。通常情况下老鼠都是不受欢迎的动物，但APOPO的老鼠训练师有不同的看法，经过训练的老鼠可以发现

34、地雷等隐藏的爆炸物，它们也可以为人们做好事。1解析：考查词性转换及名词的单复数。此处应填名词作为介词with的宾语，又expression作为“表达”时可数，结合语境判断此处应用复数形式，故填expressions。答案：expressions2解析：考查冠词。结合上下文可知，此处意为“叫某人老鼠是一个很大的辱骂”，是泛指，应用不定冠词，又big的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。答案：a3解析：考查词性转换。此处应填副词修饰动词，故填generally。答案：generally4解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查短语train sb.to do sth.“训练某人做某事”，其中不定式是宾语补足语，故填

35、to find。答案：to find5解析：考查动词的时态。此处是句子谓语动词，根据for years判断为现在完成时，也可理解为现在完成进行时，主语humans是复数，故填have used/have been using。答案：have used/have been using6解析：考查形容词比较级。此处应填形容词修饰名词money，根据上文的better判断此处应用比较级，故填less。答案：less7解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语explosives和hide之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填hidden。答案：hidden8解析：考

36、查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是同位语从句连接词，从句“rats are not just a pest”成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that，故填that。答案：that9解析：考查名词的单复数。此处应填名词作表语，由are判断用复数形式，故填heroes。答案：heroes10解析：考查介词。此处考查短语be worthy of“值”，故填of。答案：ofB(2020河南名校联盟高三下六月联考)A female Arctic fox traveled nearly 2,200 miles in 76 daysfrom Norway to Canadaand surprised Nor

37、wegian scientists in the process.The fox 1.(equip)with a satellite transmitter by scientists at the Norwegian Polar Institute,where scientists wanted 2.(survey)just how far Arctic foxes travel from their birthplace.They found their answer:In less than three months,it went from Spitsbergen,3.island i

38、n northern Norway,to Ellesmere Island in the northeastern part of Canada.The fox moved 4.a rate of 29 miles a day.At its fastest,it traveled nearly 100 miles in a single day while 5.(cross)Greenland.It set a record for the fastest movement rate ever 6.(document)in an Arctic fox.“This is among the lo

39、ngest 7.(event)ever recorded for an Arctic fox,covering extensive stretches of sea ice and glaciers，”wrote Norwegian scientists Eva Fuglei and Arnaud Tarroux in a report.The journey was among the longest recorded by scientists,8.it also raises questions of the effects 9.climate changes have on sea i

40、ce and animals that navigate the Arctic.The Arctic 10.(current)faces“its most excellent transition in human history”，said Emily Osborne of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只狐狸在76天里，从挪威到加拿大行进将近2 200英里的故事。1解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处是主句谓语动词，由下文的wanted判断为一般过去时，主语the fo

41、x和equip之间是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was equipped。答案：was equipped2解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查want to do sth.“想要做某事”，该结构中，动词不定式作宾语，故填to survey。答案：to survey3解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处作为Spitsbergen的同位语，意为“Spitsbergen，挪威北部的一个岛屿”是泛指，应用不定冠词，又island发音以元音音素开头，故填an。答案：an4解析：考查介词。此处是固定搭配at the rate of.“以的速度”，故填at。答案：at5解析：考查状语从句

42、的省略。分析句子结构可知，此处考查状语从句的省略，原句为“At its fastest,it traveled nearly 100 miles in a single day while it was crossing Greenland.”。主从句主语都为it，且从句中有was，所以省略了it was，用crossing，故填crossing。答案：crossing6解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语rate和document之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，故填documented。答案：documented7解析：考查名词的单复数。among.通常

43、表示“在众多的之中”，其后常跟复数名词，故填events。答案：events8解析：考查并列连词。句意：这是科学家记录的最长的旅途，但是它同时也提出了气候对海洋冰川和在北极航行的动物的影响问题。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，故填but。答案：but9解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词effects在从句中充当have的宾语，应用关系代词，故填that或which。答案：that/which10解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词face，故填currently。答案：currentlyC(2020宁夏中卫市高三下三模)Papercutting wa

44、s recognized as a national cultural heritage(遗 产)in 2006.According to experts,papercutting conveys the culture shared between China 1.the West to wish for family reunions and maintain links with loved ones,alive or dead.In the movie Coco,for instance,the 12yearold Miguel and his family dance and sin

45、g to celebrate the Day of the Dead,a 2.(tradition)festival in Mexico,when colorful papercuts are hung on the street.Chinese people also cut images of small figures 3.(call)back the spirits of the dead.The difference is that most Chinese papercuts are red,while those in other countries 4.(be)often ma

46、de in many other colors.Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut 5.(character),such as princesses and angels,out of paper while 6.(tell)stories to children.In China,female friends and family members used to chat and make papercuts together.“7.the patterns and colors may be different,pa

47、percuts share the same function of maintaining emotional ties among people，”says Yang Huizi,8.art teacher at Beijing Union.Yang 9.(study)and performed the art for over a decade.Besides routine university courses,she also organizes nonprofit papercutting activities 10.are open to the public in Beijin

48、g to promote basic knowledge of papercutting.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍中西方都有剪纸艺术，虽然样式和颜色不一样，但是功能和作用是一样的，剪纸是中国文化遗产，有人一直在推广剪纸技术。1解析：考查连词。句意：据专家了解，剪纸传递了中西文化共同之处，期盼家庭团聚，以及和爱的人联系在一起。本句为短语between.and.，故用and。答案：and2解析：考查词性转换。句意：比如在电影追梦环游记里面，12岁的男孩Miguel与家人唱歌跳舞来庆祝亡灵节，一个传统的墨西哥节日。修饰名词festival用形容词，故用traditional。答案：tradit

49、ional3解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：同样，中国人也剪小纸人来召唤死去的魂灵。分析句子结构可知，此处作目的状语，故用不定式to call。答案：to call4解析：考查主谓一致。句意：不同之处在于，中国的剪纸通常是红色的，而其他国家多是其他颜色。分析句子可知，本句主语为those，复数形式，故谓语动词用复数形式are。答案：are5解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：童话作家Hans Christian Andersen在给孩子讲故事的时候，喜欢用纸剪成小人，像公主和天使。根据后文“such as princesses and angels”可知，剪成的纸人不止一个，故用复数形式characte

50、rs。答案：characters6解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，tell作非谓语动词表方式，与其逻辑主语Andersen为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，故填telling。答案：telling7解析：考查状语从句的引导词。句意：“尽管样式和颜色不同，但是剪纸所承载的情感纽带的功能却是一样的，”北京联合大学的一个艺术老师杨蕙子说道。分析前后句可知，前后句为让步关系，故用引导词Though/While/Although。答案：Though/While/Although8解析：考查不定冠词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，art teacher作同位语解释说明杨蕙子，第一次