初中定语从句基础讲解.ppt

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1、 定语从句Attributive ClauseYour bag is on the desk.（代词代词）I like hard-working student.（形容词形容词）Do you have something to drink?（不定式不定式）The boy in blue is Tom.（介词短语介词短语）定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，一般定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，一般由由代词代词、形容词形容词、副词副词、介词短语介词短语、分词分词（短语）（短语）来充当。它常和名词一起构成名来充当。它常和名词一起构成名词短语，定语有词短语，定语有前置定语前置定语和和后置定语后置定语，

2、前，前置定语多是单词的形式，后置定语多是短置定语多是单词的形式，后置定语多是短语或从句。语或从句。什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？在复合句中作定语，修饰前面某在复合句中作定语，修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用在句中相当于形容词，语从句的作用在句中相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。故又称为形容词性从句。试比较试比较Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句结构：结构：先行词先行词+

3、关系词关系词 +句子句子I love singers who write their own music.先行词先行词先行词先行词关系词关系词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句被修饰的名词被修饰的名词或代词或代词跟在先行词后，跟在先行词后，引导从句的词引导从句的词修饰先行词的修饰先行词的句子句子 定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先先 行行 词词：被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引引 导导 词词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句

4、引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置关系词关系词 that,which,who,whom,whose when,where,why人人(n.)+who/that+从句从句 物物(n.)+that/which+从句从句 关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 关系词关系词的的判判 断断:第一第一，看先行词。，看先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 that,who,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;第二第二，确定关系词在从句中的成分

5、。请看下表，确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表：第三第三，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)1.The m

6、an is a farmer.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子:The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple 主语主语主语主语关系词关系词that在定语从句中作主语

7、时不能省掉。在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。I like some friends.Some friends like sports.I like some friends who like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 主语主语主语主语/that关系词关系词who/that 在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。I like the music.I can dance to the music.I like the musicthat I can dance to.宾语宾语宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉

8、。I like the girl.You are talking to the girl.I like the girl who(m)you are talking to.宾语宾语宾语宾语/that关系词关系词who/that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。小结：小结：that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略宾语，可以省略.who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略

9、,（常用（常用whom）Who/that 在定语从句中作主语时，在定语从句中作主语时，谓谓语动词的单复数英语先行词保持一致。语动词的单复数英语先行词保持一致。I prefer shoes that are cool.I have a friend who plays sports.关系代词关系代词who/that的作用：的作用：a.做代词，代替先行词做代词，代替先行词 b.在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语 c.做连词，把主句和从句连接起来做连词，把主句和从句连接起来I love singers who write their own music.定语从句中需注意

10、事项定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修修饰时饰时 This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是 something,nothing,anything等等不不定代词定代词时时 Here is something(th

11、at)I will tell you.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,或用或用 little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时修饰时 Is it the one that you want?I havent got much that I can offer you.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问

12、词疑问词 who或或which时，用时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?注注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关时，关系词使用系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?2).在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系

13、词用关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.练习：判断Who/that在从句中担任主语还是宾语。I love singers who write their own songsHe is the man who I met yesterday.I like music that I can dance to.I prefer a sandwich that is really delicious.主语主语主语主语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾语主语

14、主语主语主语 阅读下列句子，再用阅读下列句子，再用who/that 填空。填空。1.Ihaveabrother_likessoccer.2.Tomdoesntlikemovies_aretoolongandtooscary.3.Weprefergroups_playloudandenergeticsongs.4.Helikesfriends_oftenhelpeachother.who/thatthatthatwho/that请将下列题中的两个句子合并成一个句子。1Ilikemusic.Themusicisloudandexciting._.2.Shelovesmovies.Themovies

15、areromantic._.3.Tonylikesmusic.Hecandancetothemusic._.I like music that is loud and exciting.She loves movies that are romantic.Tony likes music that he can dance to.Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking

16、._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?whose 作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.

17、The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿孤儿).A.who B.whose C.whos D.whichLook at the girl _name is Lucy.A.who B.that C.whos D.whose 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状作状语语。where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语

18、地点状语,指代地点指代地点.when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which)we stayed at wasnt clean.2.Ill never forget the day.I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the day

19、when I joined the League.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.关系副词关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词关系副词=介词介词+关系代词关系代词 why=for which where=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配)whenwhen指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1)I still remember

20、 the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.wherewhere指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you

21、 missed the plane.(2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的从句替换导的从句替换(1)The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.介

22、词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the leagueon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which2.Ill never forget the day.I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.