过去分词作后置定语.pptx

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1、过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。第1页/共18页1.过去分词作定语的含义a.及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义a broken cupa wounded soldiera cup which is broken a soldier who was wounded第2页/共18页a grown womana retired officera woman who has growna officer who has retiredb.不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。不

2、及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。第3页/共18页B:Yes.And we had canned fish,smoked sausages,cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard.We also played a lot of games there.B:Indeed,to our delight,we helped a lost boy to find his mother.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。单个过去分词过

3、去分词短语2.过去分词作定语位置第4页/共18页已升起的太阳有组织的旅行 a risen sunan organized trip第5页/共18页单个过去分词和形容词修饰单个过去分词和形容词修饰 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等等不定不定代词代词时时,也要放在这些词也要放在这些词后面后面。nothing reportedsomething importantsomething else第6页/共18页过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换换。a letter wr

4、itten in pencil the book borrowed by Jack=a letter which was written in pencil=the book which was borrowed by Jack3.过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换第7页/共18页4.形容词性化过去分词作定语常见的有：amazed,embarrassed,disappointed,excited,encouraged,bored,interested,tired,worried,surprised,satisfied,pleased,moved,frightened等。The _ children

5、 were opening their presents.A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.excitesexcited第8页/共18页过去分词与现在分词作定语1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众the falling leaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已经落到地面的）the fallen leaves第9页/共18页2 2.时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多

6、表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?He is a leader_(respect)by the people.lyingrespected第10页/共18页3.及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdaythe problem being discussed 已经发生，完成正在发生第11页/共18页Recently a survey _ pric

7、es of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.(2011江苏)A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared 解析：compare的动作是survey发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。高考解析第12页/共18页The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.(2011湖南)A.expressing B.expressed C.to expres

8、s D.to be expressed解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一样重要。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式作后置定语。第13页/共18页Tsinghua University,_ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011福建)A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded解析：句中的主语Tsinghua University与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间1911年可知

9、found动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语。第14页/共18页1.The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.(湖南 2011)A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected 2.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（2010 课标全国卷）A.to borrow B.to be borrowed

10、 C.borrowed D.borrowing 第15页/共18页3.Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.（北京2010）A.advertised B.to be advertised C.advertising D.having advertised 4.A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano.（四川2010）A.to question B.to be questioned C.questioned D.questioning 第16页/共18页5.So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library.（湖南2010）A.discovered B.to be discovered C.discovering D.having discovered第17页/共18页感谢您的观看！第18页/共18页