高中英语必修三unit全单元资料.pptx

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1、Words第1页/共86页1.intimeintime:sooner or later;eventually 迟早；最后；终于intime(forsth/todosth):intime(forsth/todosth):not late 及时；不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。Illseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。总有一天我会遇见他。in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合合/不合节拍不合节拍Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。观众

2、合着音乐的节拍拍手。第2页/共86页beharmfulto对有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人，对某人有害处 1)Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals.2)Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm.Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todoItdoesnoharnforyoutoopenthewindow.Thereisnoharmin(sb.s)doingsth.Thereisnoharmin(your)openingthewindow.2.2.第3页/共86页3.multiply(数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖

3、 1)Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.2)2and5multiplytomake10.4)Theplantsheremultiplyrapidly.3)6multipliedby5is30.=Multiply6by5tomake30.第4页/共86页4.preventsbfrom(doing)sth=stopsbfromdoingsth阻止.做.”在主动语态中from可以省略，被动语态中不行。Howtoprevent/stopthis(from)happening.Itsnationalsmaybeprevented/stoppedfromleav

4、ingthecountry.keepsbfromdoingsth中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略。“阻止.做.”,如果省略from,意思为让某人一直做某事Hekeptmefromgettinghurt.Hekeptmedoinghomework.第5页/共86页5.puzzle n.谜；难题 v.（使）迷惑；（使）为难Its puzzles me.feel/be puzzled about sth.对某事感到迷惑puzzle over/about sth.对某事苦苦思索 这个字母使我迷惑不解。This letter puzzles me.她对她的未来感到迷惑。She fe

5、lt puzzled about her future.他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题。He puzzled over/about a math problem last night.puzzling adj.使迷惑的 puzzled adj.迷惑的；困惑的第6页/共86页6.breakoutvt.&vi.（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然发生，爆发;突然发生，爆发;向外砸开;也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。Thewarbrokeoutin1937.Afirebreakoutlastnight.Shebrokeout,“Thatistoounfair!”takeplace表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然

6、性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.第7页/共86页happen作“发生、碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如：Astormhappenedacrosstheriverinanothercountry.occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen。例如：Whathasoccurred?(=Whathashappened?)comeabout表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于

7、疑问句和否定句。例如：WhenMotherwokeup,shedidntknowwhathadcomeabout.第8页/共86页第9页/共86页1.Whats the meaning of the word“Astronomy”?I.Warming upl行星the science of stars;2.Do you know the following terms?star,planet,the sun/moon/earth,solar system太阳系 3.How many planets are in the solar system?恒星第10页/共86页Scientists no

8、w think Pluto is too small to be called a planet.第11页/共86页4.Do you know the correct order of their distance to the sun?nearest to the sun?farthest to the sun?第12页/共86页5.The names of eight planets.Mercury m:kjriVenusEarthMarsJupiter du:ptSaturnstnUranus jrnsNeptune neptu:n,-tju:n1)水星2)金星3)地球4)火星5)木星6

9、)土星7)天王星8)海王星第13页/共86页In this unit,well learn something more scientific.1.Whats the title of the text?2.From the title,we can predict that the text may tell us the origin of life on the earth.Do you know some stories about it?第14页/共86页Pangu separates the sky from the earth.第15页/共86页Nvwa made humans.

10、第16页/共86页1.When did the“Big Bang”happen?Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.2.Whatformwastheearthafterthe“BigBang”?3.Whatmadeuptheearthsatmosphere4.How did water come into being on the earth?5.Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth?6.What was important to the deve

11、lopment of fish?7.What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth?8.Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past?第17页/共86页1.When did the“Big Bang”happen?It happened several billion years ago.Scanning Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.第18页/共86页2.What form was the eart

12、h after the“Big Bang”?The earth was still just a cloud of dust.3.What made up the earths atmosphere after the earth exploded?Carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases.第19页/共86页4.How did water come into being on the earth?As the earth cooled down after it exploded,water came into being.第20页/共86页5.

13、Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth?It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.第21页/共86页6.What was important to the development of fish?oxygen.7.What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth?The disappearance of dinosaurs made the

14、 possible the rise of mammals on the earth.第22页/共86页8.Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past?They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.第23页/共86页ClosereadingI.Read the passage carefully and match the main idea with each paragraph.第24页/共86页Para.1 The forma

15、tion(形成)of the earth.Para.2 The importance of water for life.Para.3 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para.4 The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para.5 The development of plants and animals on the earth.第25页/共86页Detailed readingStage 1:The development of th

16、e earthStage 2:The development of life(para 13)(para 45)第26页/共86页Stage 1:The development of the earth(1)After the Big Bang,what was the earth like?a cloud of dust a solid globe 第27页/共86页exploded with fire and rock produced water vapour and gases(2)What happened next?第28页/共86页(3)What did the water va

17、pour and gases form?the earths atmosphere第29页/共86页 Water appeared(4)What appeared as the earth cooled down?water is important for the beginning of life on the earth.第30页/共86页 Why is water so important for the beginning of life?Because water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into oceans and

18、 seas.第31页/共86页Stage2 The development of life第32页/共86页 small plants appears in water 1.What life developed after water appeared?第33页/共86页Shellfish and all sorts of fish 2.What life developed in water next?第34页/共86页 green plants began to grow on land insects appeared3.What about the life on land?第35页

19、/共86页amphibians on land and in the waterforests4.What life developed next on land?第36页/共86页 reptiles appeared dinosaur developed 5.What life developed after forests appeared?第37页/共86页mammals on land6.What life developed after dinosaurs?第38页/共86页 small clever animals7.What life developed after mammal

20、s?第39页/共86页1.Who are the small clever animals with hands and feet?2.Are they taking care of the earth well?Why?第40页/共86页 Because they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.The earth may become too hot to live on.第41页/共86页C

21、an you fill in the blanks?23456789101 small plants in watershellfish and all sorts of fish insects reptilesamphibiansmammalsdinosaurs humansplantsanimalsGreen plants on landforests第42页/共86页1.Insects and amphibians appeared.3.The earth became a solid ball.5.Reptiles appeared.7.The earth was a cloud o

22、f dust9.Shellfish and other fish appeared.11.Clever animals with hands and feet appeared2.Dinosaurs appeared.4.Small plants grew on the water.6.Plants began to grow on dry land.8.Water appeared on the earth10.The universe began with a“Big Band”.12.Mammals appeared.831091151741262Can you put the orde

23、r of development of life into a time line?Ex.2 on P27第43页/共86页III.Fill in the blanks in the following form.TimeWhathappenedBigBang_begantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Atoms第44页/共86页Between4.5and3.8billionyearsagoDustsettledintoasolidand_globe.Theearthexplodedtoproduceits_.Thecontinued_o

24、fwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesand_intotheoceansandseas.violentatmospherepresenceacids第45页/共86页ManymillionsofyearslaterThefirstsmallplantsonthesurfaceofthewaterproduced_.Early_andallsortsoffishappeared.Greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Insectsand_appeared.oxygenshellfishamphibians第46页/共86页Man

25、ymillionsofyearslater_appearedandtheylaideggs.Dinosaursdeveloped,laideggsand_formorethan140millionyears.Mammalsroseand_babies.Reptilesexistedgave birth to第47页/共86页About2.6millionyearsagoSomesmall_animalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadallovertheearth.NowHumansproducetoomuchcarbon_,makingtheearthtoo

26、hot.cleverdioxide第48页/共86页IV.True(T)or False(F).1.The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.2.The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen.3.The main difference between the earth and other planets is that there is water on the earth.4.Life began in water and then on land.FFTT第49页/共

27、86页5.Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.6.Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.7.Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming on the earth.8.According to the text,human beings would disappear in the end.FFTF

28、第50页/共86页 从句一律保持陈述语序。从句一律保持陈述语序。主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句第51页/共86页名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause第52页/共86页Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwant

29、toknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句第53页/共86页主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。常用引导词：连接词：that(无词义)whetherThathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.连接代词:who(ever)whomwhat(ever)which(ever)whoseWhowill

30、gototheenergyconferenceisnotimportant.连接副词：whenwherehowwhyWhenandwherethetestwillbegivenisnotdecided.第54页/共86页1.引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。Thattheearthisroundistrue2.That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itistruethattheearthisround.结构：第55页/共86页a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobvi

31、ousthat很明显b.It+be+p.p.+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定第56页/共86页c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起第57页/共86页2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句

32、，Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion3.有时可用形式主语it 代替主语从句：e.g.It is still a question whether she will come or not.It has not been decided yet when they will start.第58页/共86页4.无论主语从句有多长，一般做单数处理。e.g.Whenwewillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.注意：以what开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是复数名词，系动词用复数形式。Whathewantstobuyarethreebooks

33、andtwopens.第59页/共86页1.Itisobvioustothestudents_theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that2._wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who练一练！第60页/共86页3.Itisnotimmediatelyclear_thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.A.sinceB.whatC.whenD.whether练一练！第61页/共86页_l

34、eavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who_thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It第62页/共86页宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句连接词：that(无词义)whetherife.g.Idontknowwhet

35、her(if)youarewillingtohelpme.连接代词：what(ever)who(ever)whosewhich(ever)等连接副词：whenwherehowwhy等第63页/共86页特别提示1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分。Imgladthatyouhavepassedtheexam.2.有些词或词组如hate,love,enjoy,dislike,feellike,appreciate,take(认为),relyon,dontmind等，习惯上后面跟it做形式宾语，再接宾语从句。Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.第6

36、4页/共86页3.在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在句尾。常带复合宾语的动词有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。IthinkitnecessarythatItakeplentyofwatereveryday.4.某些动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，如insist，order，request，suggest等。Isuggestedthatwe(should)startbefore5oclock.第65页/共86页5.必须用whether引导，不可用if:1).从句后有ornot时，不可用if:Idontknowwhetherhewi

37、llcomeornot.2).介词宾语通常用whether引导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.3).后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?4).discuss 后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation,and discuss whether you should do something at once.第66页/共86页5)主语从句放在句首Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.6）表语从句和同位语从句Theque

38、stioniswhetherwecangetthereontime.7)当it做形式主语whether/if都可引导主语从句Ithasntbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallattendthemeeting.第67页/共86页6.用who，whom,which(ever),whose,when,what(ever),where,why,how,whoever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanwo

39、rkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。第68页/共86页7.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。第69页/共86页如果主句主语为第一人称反意疑问句常与从句的主语和谓语保持一致；其他情况看主句。例如：IdontbelieveshehasbeentoAustr

40、alia,hasshe?我认为她没去澳大利亚，是吗？Idontbelievethathecantranslatethisbook,?Shethinksthatherhusbandisthebestoneintheteam,？canhedoesntshe第70页/共86页1.I doubt if/whether he will pass the exam.2.I dont doubt that we will win the match.3.Do you doubt that he did it on his own?doubt问题肯定句中用肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用否定句中用th

41、at 疑定句中用疑定句中用that 1.Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.2.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.3.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?4.Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.if/whether that that if/whether第71页/共86页宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone

42、 knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.宾语从句第72页/共86页1.Heasked_foraviolin（MET1992）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whiche

43、verD.whenever3.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo _ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever第73页/共86页4.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive5.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_.A.ho

44、wsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong第74页/共86页6.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether7.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that第75页/共86页表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough/because连接

45、代词：who/whom/what/which/whose连接副词：when/where/how/whyTheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.第76页/共86页特别提醒1.主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order，request等名词时，表语从句的谓语要虚拟。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)gonow.2.主句的主语是reason时，表语从句常用that；若表原因用because，表结果用why.Thereason

46、forhisabsencewasthathewasill.Heforgotit.Thatwaswhyhedidntcallme.Hedidntcallme.Thatwasbecauseheforgotit.第77页/共86页1.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon（上海01年春季招生）A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why2.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.why

47、B.whatC.whenD.where3._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that第78页/共86页4.GoandgetyourcoatIts_youleftitA.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere5.Thecityisnolonger_.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitused tobe6.Theprob

48、lemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that第79页/共86页what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语等.that在句子中只起连接作用,没有意义.(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.第80页/共86页典型错误及归纳第81页/共86页找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystu

49、dentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?Idontknowwherehehasgone.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！第82页/共86页找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggest

50、edthatwewouldgotothecinema.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？第83页/共86页找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8