高中英语语法填空专题.pptx

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1、一般来说，语法填空试题有两种试题形式：词类转化题和纯空格题。对于每一类试题要采用不同的解题方法。同时要特别注意对动词类的考查，它是考试中的重中之重。词类转换题【方法指导】作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表性质状态)时，通常用形容词形式。第1页/共56页【典例】He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was _(health).解析句中缺表语，根据空后提示词及语意可知，此处应填health的形容词形式healthy。答案healthy第2页/共56页1.and other time

2、s they make a very _(consider)effort to communicate with you.答案considerable修饰名词effort，要用形容词形式，故填considerable。第3页/共56页【方法指导】作主语，或在及物动词、介词后作宾语时，前面可能有形容词修饰，通常用名词形式，注意单复数形式。【典例】He had witnessed too many _(die)and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier，in which 40，000 people were k

3、illed，wounded or missing.解析考查词形变化。这里指的是死亡，是可数名词，在句中作及物动词witness的宾语，空前的too many也暗示应用death的复数形式。答案deaths第4页/共56页2.Apples new machine，the Lisa，proved to be an expensive _(fail).答案failure考查派生词的用法。从空前的an expensive可知此处缺少一个名词，故填failure。第5页/共56页【方法指导】在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(形容词)”后，用名词形式。【典 例】I ran into my neigh

4、bor，Dennis，yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldnt go to this _(perform).解析根据this的提示，此处应该使用perform的名词形式。答案performance第6页/共56页【方法指导】修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，或作状语时，用副词形式。【典 例】One hundred percent of all donations will go _(direct)to the charities.解析

5、用副词修饰动词go。答案directly第7页/共56页3.The country now has a total of 178 million people over 60，accounting for 13.26 percent of the total population，and the figure will increase by 3 percent _(annual).答案annually此处使用副词修饰整个句子。所以填annually，意思是“一年一次地”。第8页/共56页【方法指导】根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，有可能是词义转换题，词性不一定要变，主要考查与词根意义相反的派生词

6、，需要在词根前加un、im、in等，或在词根后加less等。第9页/共56页【典 例】Lost in the tune，he came suddenly upon a _(home)beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk.He reached down，touched the beggars cheek，and left a 100-dollar bill to him.解析此处需要形容词修饰名词beggar。他突然发现一个无家可归的乞丐躺在人行道中间。答案homeless第10页/共56页【方法指导】若括号中所给词为动词，也有可能考词类转换；若是形

7、容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。第11页/共56页【典例】Also，the more children young couples have，the _(happy)they become.解析“the比较级，the比较级”意思是“越就越”。根据句中的the more children可知，此处要用比较级。且语境表示“孩子越多，年轻夫妇就越不幸福”，故应填unhappier。答案unhappier第12页/共56页【方法指导】如果句子缺主语或宾语，则一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。【典例】Behind him were other people to whom he was tryin

8、g to talk，but after some minutes _ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.解析句子缺少主语，根据上文可知此处仍指上文提到的那位男子，所以用he。答案he纯空格试题第13页/共56页【方法指导】如果句子不缺主语或表语，动词后又不缺宾语，则在名词或代词前面一定是填介词。【典例】The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds and.解析for a few seconds意思是“几秒钟”，for接一段时间构成的介词短语作状语。答案for第14页/共56页1.The

9、young man went home _ a happy heart.答案with本空格处缺介词，故填with构成介词短语with a happy heart“心情愉快地”，作伴随状语。第15页/共56页【方法指导】名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，则很可能是填限定词。【典例】But she quickly realized that it wasnt her，it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.解析“最后一排”为特指，要加定冠词the，即in the last row。答案the第16页/共56页2

10、.After the student left，the teacher let _ student taste the water.答案 another 空格后接的词是student，是单数，another student表示另一个学生，无限定范围的另一个。第17页/共56页【方法指导】若两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间没有连词，则可能是填连词。【典例】Each time the boy did something good，a thousand tiny angels gathered around the boys heart _ started tickling it.解析根据本句内容可知

11、，gathered around the boys heart和started tickling it是并列关系，故用并列连词and。答案and第18页/共56页【方法指导】若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。【典例】The Unicef found that，although the situation has slightly improved，many women are still not included in family decisions，_ as a result their children are more lik

12、ely to suffer from poor health.解析考查连词。根据句意可知，空格前后都在说明男女不平等的结果，因此使用并列连词and。答案and第19页/共56页3.One day，he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.答案that他提出一个想法(idea)即他将把所有的禾苗拔高几英寸。空格后的句子意义完整并不缺少成分，故该空格处应填纯粹的连词that(不作成分，也没有含义)引导同位语从句解释先行词idea的内容。第20页/共5

13、6页【方法指导】若结构较完整，并且空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do，does，did等)。第21页/共56页【典例】He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife，but he _ bring home a regular salary.解析这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时。可是，bring却用原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，而且

14、该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did(的确)。答案did第22页/共56页【方法指导】由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。由it is.that.强调结构判断，填it还是that；so/such.that，(n)either.(n)or等。【典例】The uneducated person，on the other hand，either is unable to do it，_ does it badly，.解析此处表示“或者”，要注意either.or搭配。答案or第23页/共56页4.I was _ nervous when I stood on the s

15、tage that I forgot everything.答案soso.that.意思是“如此以至于”。由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装条件的only，so，neither，nor，never，hardly，seldom，not until，had等，还是填do，does，did等。【典例】Not _ I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.解析句意：直到我在人群中看见我的老师我才平静下来。not until放在句首，句子要部分倒装。答案until第24页/共56页由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。

16、【典例】She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.解析句型：it is difficult(for sb)to do(某人)难以做。how引导的宾语从句缺少主语，用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to choose.。答案it第25页/共56页【方法指导】如果句中缺少谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。【典例】He _(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voi

17、ce.解析句意：他假装那个老虎玩具是真的此处表达“我”上车时他正在做的事，故用过去进行时态。答案was pretending给出动词题第26页/共56页1.He walked in as if he _(buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.答案had bought这是由as if引导的虚拟语气(他没有买下学校)，因为是与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。2.Where men control the household，less money _(spend)on healthca

18、re and food，which results in poorer health for children.答案is spent考查时态和语态。money与spend之间存在被动关系，因此使用被动语态，根据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时。第27页/共56页【方法指导】如果句中已有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是v.-ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式：作主语，v.-ing形式与不定式一般可以互换，意义无多大区别；但在疑问句和句型“There is no主语”中，主语需用动名词而不用不定式。第28页/共56页【典例】It is widely believed that

19、 _(form)a good habit will benefit us all our lives.解析It is widely believed that.从句中缺主语，这里使用动名词短语作主语，表示泛指意义的行为。答案forming作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。【典例】For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop _(help)it grow”，is based on the following story.解析根据句子的意思，谚语是“揠苗助长”，要用动词不定式作目的状语。答案to help第29页/共56页3.She wished

20、 that he was as easy _(please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.答案to please她希望他像她的母亲一样容易满足。宾语从句的谓语是was easy，并且空格位于表语形容词easy之后，故考虑填动词不定式作补语，这时应联想到句型：He is easy to please.(It is easy to please him.)“使他很容易满足”。作伴随状语，通常用分词：与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。第30页/共56页【典例】Mary will never f

21、orget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，_(wear)sunglasses.解析由前面的逗号可知这里不是并列谓语，应该是分词短语作伴随状语，因为逻辑主语是he，故用现在分词形式。答案wearing第31页/共56页4.After the student left，the teacher let another student taste the water.He spit it out，_(say)it was awful.答案saying他把喝进口里的水吐了出来，同时说这水很难喝。out与空

22、格之间是逗号，并且say的逻辑主语也是句子的主语he，谓语动词spit的动作与say的动作相伴发生，故填saying作伴随状语。第32页/共56页作宾语，通常用动名词或不定式，介词后面要用动名词。【典例】I remember _(cry)on my mothers lap at a family gathering to read her will.解析remember doing sth意思是“记得做过某事”。答案crying第33页/共56页作定语，不定式表将来；现在分词表进行；过去分词表被动与完成。【典 例】When there was no place in the whole fie

23、ld _(leave)to dig，the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone.解析此处为place的后置定语，leave与place构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此使用过去分词形式。答案left第34页/共56页5.The doors to the theater were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers _(stand)in the doorw

24、ay.答案standingthe ticket takers是动作stand的执行者，故要用现在分词形式作后置定语。6.Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity _(find)nice clothing for not a single penny.答案to find此处用不定式作定语，修饰opportunity。第35页/共56页作宾语补足语，不定式表动作全过程；现在分词表主动或进行；过去分词表被动或完成。【典例】I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.解析notice sb doing

25、 sth现在分词作宾语的补足语，表示正在做某事。答案sitting第36页/共56页7.While she was getting me _(settle)into a tiny but clean room，the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.答案settled把“我”安置在一个很小但很干净的房间里。get sb done。故填过去分词settled作宾补。第37页/共56页独立主格和with复合结构。【典例】Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs

26、is asked to send the band to Washington with a note _(tell)where the bird was found.解析with复合结构中，非谓语动词和其逻辑主语note为主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。答案telling第38页/共56页易错点1思维定势干扰He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”higher.解析tired的短语搭配。be tired of具有很强的干扰性，其意为“对厌烦”，很明

27、显，本句解释不通。同时，我们还应想到be tired after/from，其意为“因而劳累”。本句句意为：农夫劳作一整天后很疲劳，但是他对庄稼长“高”了感到很高兴。答案after/from第39页/共56页【即时小练】(1)July 1，1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China.The day our Chinese people had looked forward to _(come)at last.答案came句子主语是the day，此处缺少谓语动词，并不是考查look forward to doing结构。第40页/共56页(2)Cursi

28、ng my misfortune，I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me _ a guest in their house.答案as因为receive的搭配receive.from，这给考生解题造成了干扰，但是如果我们考虑到receive.as意为“把当作来接待”，那么答案就很清楚了。第

29、41页/共56页以题说法有考生看到be tired马上联想到be tired of结构，但这里不是“厌倦”之意，而是表示“在之后累”“因而疲倦”。突破指南为了避免思维定势的干扰，考生应认真理清句子含义和固定搭配结构，判断出合乎情理的句子意思。第42页/共56页易错点2词形变化干扰(2013广东)But such a small thing couldnt _23_(possible)destroy a village.解析possible修饰谓语动词destroy作状语，将possible变成副词，但是考生容易把possible的副词写成possiblely或possiblly，而不是poss

30、ibly，这就造成本题失分。答案possibly第43页/共56页【即时小练】(1)(2014广东)She was _22_(surprise)helpful.答案 surprisingly 此处修饰helpful，要用副词，故用surprisingly。第44页/共56页(2)(2014新课标全国)While there are _68_(amaze)stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleanin

31、g up a polluted river.答案amazing此处修饰stories，要用形容词，故用amazing。因为amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，amazed意为“(人)感到惊讶的”。换言之，现在分词转换的形容词常常修饰事物，过去分词转换的形容词常常修饰人或者与人有关的事物。横线后面是名词story，说明应该使用现在分词转换的形容词。第45页/共56页(3)(2014新课标全国)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _43_(disappoint)

32、.答案disappointed此处考查系动词look的用法，在本空中look后接形容词。但是，考生很容易写成disappointing而造成失分，因为disappointed意为“(人)感到失望的”，而disappointing意为“令人感到失望的”，与句子意思不相符。第46页/共56页以题说法词形变化干扰是指提示词本身具有特殊变形所引起的干扰。在语法填空中，有些形容词在变化为副词时拼写发生变化。例如：(1)以-le结尾的形容词，变-le为ly：possiblepossibly，terribleterribly，comfortablecomfortably，gentlegently，simpl

33、esimply(2)以-y结尾的形容词，变-y为ily：easyeasily，angryangrily，noisynoisily，happyhappily，heavyheavily，healthyhealthily第47页/共56页(3)容易拼错的词：excitedly，rudely，truly，healthily，politely，widely，nicely，closely，surprisingly，disappointedly，fortunately还有些名词的特殊变化形式，例如：argueargument突破指南词形的变化要求考查有扎实的基础知识，需要积累，多用心记忆。第48页/共56页

34、附录：语法填空做题技巧“语法填空”考查的主要内容是句子结构、句子成分之间的一致性和句子与篇章在结构和意义两个层面上的制约性。语言结构的分析能力是本题考查的重点，在做题时应该遵循“先总后分”的原则。(1)总体。先通读全文，掌握主旨大意，了解短文的体裁、题材、时态、内容、线索、写作意图、观点看法、段落大意、逻辑层次等。在“总”读的过程中，可顺便填写某些空。(2)分项。第49页/共56页“分”就是下一步的具体填空。正确理解挖空句子的含义，分析其句子成分，判断该空需要填入的是介词、冠词、代词，还是连词或引导词。如果是介词，则大部分是词组或固定搭配；如果是冠词，主要是在篇章中考查其语法功能，表示泛指、特

35、指或类别等；如果是代词，通常考查的是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词等；如果是连词、引导词，就要判断其连接的是并列句、定语从句、状语从句还是名词性从句等。第50页/共56页最近在学校的论坛上，你看到有不少同学用英语在交流听力如何突破的问题。根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语网帖参与交流。内容包括：1.掌握听力技巧和方法，多向老师和同学求助；2.听、说相结合，多听的同时注重口语训练。3.充分利用网络、英文电台等听力资源。第51页/共56页注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当展开联想。_第52页/共56页【范文实例】第53页/共56页1.本文是一个主题贴，针对如何提高听力水平提出了自己的方法和观点。文章

36、层次清晰，first,besides,third的运用让读者一目了然，并使得上下文衔接紧密，过渡自然。2.文章合理地运用了一些高级句型，从而增加了文章的亮点，如：Every student may feel it a little difficult to.中的feel后面跟复合宾语；when necessary状语从句的省略；Only if your oral English is perfect is your listening ability perfect,too.倒装句型的使用；以及在第三点中祈使句的运用等，使句型结构多样化。第54页/共56页3.作者书写稍显潦草，如能改正，则能锦上添花。读后启示：_第55页/共56页