D秦荻辉的文件夹网络学院科技英语xp.pptx

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1、3.1 否定1 1、全否定：一般要用“none,no,neither”来表示，意为 都；均。普通的窗户均承受（withstand）不了这么大的力。西安电子科技大学第1页/共56页3.1 否定1 1、全否定：一般要用“none,no,neither”来表示，意为 都；均。None of the ordinary windows=No ordinary windows can withstand so large a force.西安电子科技大学第2页/共56页2 2、部分否定：一般用“all,both,every”+not 来表示，意为 并非都。This parameter（参数）does no

2、t change during all time intervals.Eq.(1 5)cannot be satisfied by all values of x.西安电子科技大学3.1 否定第3页/共56页3 3、否定的转移 （1 1）主句中有表示“相信”、“认为”等臆想动词否定式时，一般汉译时否定在从句中。（在科技文中不常见）西安电子科技大学3.1 否定第4页/共56页 not+thinkfeelsupposebelieveimagine+that 从句 They dont think that this answer to the problem is right.西安电子科技大学3.1

3、 否定 3 3、否定的转移第5页/共56页（2 2）appearseemhappen的否定式+主语从句动词不定式 It does not appear that this value satisfies the equation.This computer does not seem to be so good as that one.西安电子科技大学3.1 否定 3 3、否定的转移第6页/共56页 This disease does not affect most animals as it does humans.These layers（层）are not“stretched”（能拉伸的

4、）as a rubber sheet would be.（3）主句中有not no,rather than,instead of+as 从句或短语（或the way）：译成“并不像那样”。西安电子科技大学3.1 否定 3 3、否定的转移第7页/共56页 The presence of the minus sign indicates that the current of 1.5 A flows from C to F,and not from F to C as shown.The HIGH-level output voltages for both OR and NOR are betw

5、een and 0.96 V rather than 0.8 V,as predicted（预计）by Eq.(.(2 9).).西安电子科技大学3.1 否定 3 3、否定的转移第8页/共56页 The majority of distance communication in the future could well be computer-to-computer,not person-to-person as at present.西安电子科技大学3.1 否定 3 3、否定的转移第9页/共56页 The Maxwell relations（关系式）are not modified（修正）

6、by relativity（相对论）as Newtons relations are when particle（质点）velocities approach the speed of light.西安电子科技大学3.1 否定 3 3、否定的转移第10页/共56页 1、带有双宾语动词（tell,inform,convince,give,assign,deny等等）的被动语态（在谓语后存在一个“保留宾语”）In this case some of the users will be denied（拒绝给予）permission（允许）.Each of the users has been ass

7、igned a frequency band.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第11页/共56页 We are told by Ohms law that the current in a circuit is proportional to the applied voltage.If the reader is not convinced that P is a maximum when R=r,he should verify it by the used（惯常的）calculus（微积分）method.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第12页/共56页 In 1858 Darwin

8、（达尔文）was sent a scientific paper by a man called Alfred Wallace.A thorough exposition is accorded principles of a computer in this book.We are given that the coefficient of sliding friction（滑动摩擦）between box and floor is.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第13页/共56页 2、“不及物动词+介词”=“及物动词”的被动语态 Electronic radar systems are

9、 relied on for a safe flight from one airport to another.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第14页/共56页 In this case the work done is accounted for by an increase in potential energy.This topic will be dealt with in the next chapter.Actually,this result could have been arrived at intuitively（直观地）.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第15页/

10、共56页 3、“及物动词+名词+介词”=“=“及物动词”（make use of,pay attention to,take care of,make mention of等等）的被动语态 Full use must be made of the computers available.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第16页/共56页 注意：这里并不是“be made of 由制成”这一词组的含义。而是“make full use of”的被动形式。西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第17页/共56页 The computers available must be made full us

11、e of.Use is made of this characteristic（特 性）in feedback（反馈）amplifier design.The protective（保护的）resistance should be made use of in the usual way.又如：西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第18页/共56页 In the quantum（量子）theory of the atom no use is made of these models.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第19页/共56页 必须充分利用现有的设备。（要求使用“make use of”

12、的被动形式）*汉译英：西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第20页/共56页 Full use must be made of the devices available.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第21页/共56页4 4、由“getbecomeremainappearcome+过去分词”构成的被动句（强调状态）The energy that is stored in the inductor（电感器）and capacitor eventually（最终）gets dissipated（消耗）by the resistor.西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第22页/共56页 The

13、air throughout the room becomes heated by convection currents（对流的气流）.The gate（门电路）will remain closed by the low input until the clock pulse arrives.This system can come equipped with a radio frequency wireless keyboard and mouse(optional).备有 西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第23页/共56页 5 5、科技文中不能有被动形式、不得用过去分词作定语的常见情况

14、（1 1）不及物动词 the resulting equation;the existing algorithms;the newly emerging approach (几个特例：the fallen leaves;the elapsed time;the arrived train;the worked hours)西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 第24页/共56页 （2）表示状态的及物动词（have,afford等）（3 3）表示被动含义的“不及物动词+介词”consist of“由组成”result from“由引起”arise from“由引起”西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态

15、第25页/共56页 serve as “用作为；起作用”act as“用作为；起作用”behave as“用作为；起作用”（4 4）表示被动含义的“及物动词+名词”（find use applications“得到应用”）西安电子科技大学3.2 被动语态 function as“用作为；起作用”第26页/共56页 1、表示“得多”的句型 一些程度副词 +比较级常见的程度副词有：much,very much,far,by far,well,greatly,a lot,a great deal,considerably,appreciably,significantly,substantially

16、,incredibly,enormously,immeasurably等。西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第27页/共56页 This computer is much smaller than that one.Most computer facilities（设施）continue to protect their physical machine far better than they do their data.This circuit requires many more components（元件）than the circuit shown on page 3.西安电子科技大学

17、3.3 比较等级第28页/共56页 If q2 is HIGH,it means that two more CLi pulses（脉冲）than CLo pulses arrive.Equation(8 10)contains much more than a mere description of how the gain（增益）saturates（饱和）.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第29页/共56页 2、表示“越来越”的句型（1）最常用的方式 对单音节词：采用“er and er”对多音节词：采用“more and more ”Electronic devices are beco

18、ming smaller and smaller but more and morecomplicated.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第30页/共56页 （2）采用“ever+er”（主要用于单音节词）Computers are ever smaller.（3）采用“increasingly+原级”（主 要用于多音节词）Computers are getting increasingly complicated.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第31页/共56页 （4）“含有比较级的主句+表示时间的as-从句随着”The skin effect（集肤效应）is more pronounc

19、ed（明显的）as the frequency increases.The accelerating（加速）force becomes smaller as the body approaches the center.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第32页/共56页 3、“as 形容词 as 数量”要译成“达到”这块芯片(chip)薄达零点几毫米 （millimeter）。西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第33页/共56页 This chip is as thin as a few tenths of a millimeter.This chip is a few tenths of a

20、millimeter thin.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第34页/共56页 地球离月球的距离远达24万英里。西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第35页/共56页 The distance of the earth from the moon is as great as 240,000 mi.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第36页/共56页 Efficiencies of as much as 99%are achieved in large transformers（变压器）.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第37页/共56页 4、在“as as”句型中省去第2个“as部分”的情况

21、Digital transmission need not have as high an S/N ratio.可看成省去了“as analog transmission”To dissipate（耗散）5050 watts of heat,the temperature difference must be twice as great.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第38页/共56页 Measuring anything means comparing it with some standard to see how many times as big it is.可看成省去了“as t

22、he standard”How many times as great is the kinetic energy if the velocity is doubled?西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第39页/共56页 A force which causes a body to have twice the acceleration（加速度）another force produces must be twice as great.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第40页/共56页5 5、一种特殊的“as as”句型 as many(+(+名词A)as there are+名词B 译成“有

23、多少个B B就有多少个A”西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第41页/共56页 There are as many designs as there are designers.These energy bands（能带）are actually composed of a multitude of（许许多多）individual（单个）energy levels（能级）,as many as there are atoms in the crystal（晶体）.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第42页/共56页 6 6、句型“more 名词A than 名词B”译成“与其说是B不如说是A”Th

24、e design and implementation（实现）of programming languages has been more art than science.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第43页/共56页 7 7、“much 和long”常起形容词和名词的双重作用 The flip-flop（触发器）can stay high for as long as 2 min.The recommended practice is to let Rs contribute as much of 45 as possible.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第44页/共56页 8 8

25、、表示最高级的比较范围“在之中”时“of”和“in”的用法区别 in：后跟表示整体的集合名词单数 Of all physical properties of matter,electrical resistance perhaps shows the greatest range of values.of：后跟可数名词复数西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第45页/共56页 9、表示“越，就越”的句型(1)(1)通常的句型 “the+比较级 条件从句部分，the+比较级 主句部分”西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第46页/共56页 导线越细，你获得的电阻就越大。西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第

26、47页/共56页 The thinner the wire,the more resistance you will obtain.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第48页/共56页 该物体被提得越高，它具有的位能就越大。西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第49页/共56页 The higher the body is lifted,the more potential energy it possesses.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第50页/共56页 The smaller the time interval t,the more closely does vt approach th

27、e actual displacement（位移）.The greater the nuclear mass,the less of the neutrons（中子的）energy is transferred（转移）to the nucleus（原子核）.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第51页/共56页 颜色越深，它吸收（absorb）的热就越多。西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第52页/共56页 The darker the color(is),the more heat it will absorb.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第53页/共56页（2 2）特殊句型 特点：“主句部分”在前，“从句部 分”在后 两部分之间无逗号分开西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第54页/共56页 “主句部分”的比较级前一般不用“the”Skin effect is greater the higher the frequency.The particles move more freely the higher the temperature.西安电子科技大学3.3 比较等级第55页/共56页感谢您的观看！第56页/共56页