高中英语虚拟语气常考点.pdf
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1、1 高中英语虚拟语气常考点 单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、You could come back by Friday _ today,which can ensure your presence at my birthday party.Ashould you start offBdid you start off Chad you started offDwould you start off 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气中的倒装。句意:如果你今天出发,你可以在星期五回来,这样可以确保你参加我的生日聚会。本题考查虚拟语气中的倒装,逗号之前若使用 if 引导的虚拟条件句,则为
2、:You could come back by Friday if you should start off today。在虚拟条件状语从句中如果有 were,should,had 这三个词,可以将 if 省略,将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式。故选 A。小提示:虚拟语气中的倒装 当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should 时,可以将 if 省略,将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式:1)If he should fail,he would kill himself.Should he fail
3、,he would kill himself.万一失败,他就会自杀。2)If I were you,I would do it at once.Were I you,I would do it at once.假若我是你,我就会马上做。3)If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.Had he seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.2 他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。本小题考查虚拟语气中的倒装,属于以上解析的第二种情况。逗号之前若使用 if
4、引导的虚拟条件句,则为:You could come back by Friday if you should start off today。在虚拟条件状语从句中如果有 were,should,had 这三个词,可以将 if 省略,将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式,即为虚拟语气中的倒装。故选 A。2、If I _ you,I would give her a call.AamBwas CwereDshould be 答案:C 解析:考查虚拟条件句。句意:如果我是你,我会给她打个电话。分析句子可知,本句为 if 引导的虚拟条件句。且表示与现在事实
5、相反的情况,所以从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be 用 were),主句谓语动词形式 should/would/could/might 动词原形(过去将来时)。故 C 选项正确。小提示:if 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere);should do;were to do would/could/migh
6、t/should do 本句表示与现在事实相反的情况,所以从句谓语动词用一般过去式(be 用 were),主句谓语动词形式 should/would/could/might 动词原形(过去将来时)。故 C 选项正确。3、-Who would you rather _ your graduation ceremony tomorrow,your parents or friends?3 -All of them.Awill have attendedBhave attended CattendDattended 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:你宁愿谁明天来参加你的毕业典礼,父母还是朋友?都
7、来。would rather 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,与现在和将来事实相反的情况用一般过去时,与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时;根据 tomorrow 可知此处表与将来事实相反的情况,应用一般过去时。故选 D。4、Well make the final decision on our scheme._ you change your mind,please inform us as soon as possible.AShouldBWereCWouldDMay 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我们将对我们的计划做最后决定,如果你改变主意,请尽快通知我们。根据语境,此处用虚拟语气,表示与将
8、来相反,从句用 should+动词原形,省略 if,should 提前,陈述语序是:if you should change your mind。故选 A。5、Tom insisted what he said_ true and we insisted that he_ and have a look.Abe;should goBshould be;would go Cwas;goDwas;would go 答案:C 解析:4 考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:汤姆坚持说他说的是真的,我们坚持要求他去看一看。第一个 insist 引导宾语从句,意为“坚持认为”,用陈述语气,宾语从句的时态根据主句而定
9、,根据主句的 insisted 可知,时态为过去时,所以用 was;第二个 insist 引导宾语从句,意为“坚持要求”,需用虚拟语气。insist that sb(should)do,其中should 可以省略,所以动词用原形 go。故选 C。6、Its requested that a lecture _ on this subject.Ais givenBshould be givenCwill be givenDhas been given 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:有人要求就这个问题举行一次讲座。request 表示“要求”时引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动
10、词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。故选 B。小提示:后接虚拟语气的常见词 1)在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令,决定,建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:He ordered that all the books
11、be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2)类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词;decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动
12、词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.5 Their decision was that the school remain closed.3)请注意,当这些词语不是用于表示“命令,决定,建议”的含义时,所引导从句不用虚拟语气。7、An order came that all the army supply _ to the front before daybreak.Abe sent Bshould sendCwere sentDshould have sent 答案:A 解析
13、:考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:在黎明前所有的军队补给必须送到前线的命令已经下达。order 意为“命令”,that引导的从句作其同位语,从句的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”;根据句意可知应用被动语态,故选 A 项。8、The professor demanded that all the essays _ to him by Jan.10th.Ahand inBbe handed in Cshould hand inDwere handed in 答案:B 解析:考查语态和虚拟语气。句意:教授要求所有的论文在 1 月 10 日前交上来。essays 与 hand in 之间是被动关系,
14、应该用被动语态,demand 后的宾语从句应该用 should do 的虚拟语气,should 可以省略,故 B 项正确。小提示:注意在表示建议、要求、命令以及坚持等词后的宾语从句中要用 should+动词的虚拟语气,其中 should 可以省略。9、Left to itself,the place _ into a prosperous civilized community Awas to growBwere to grow Cshould have grownDwould have grown 6 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果任其发展,这个地方会发展成一个繁荣的文明社区。此句
15、为隐含条件虚拟语气,且与过去事实相反,所以主句用 would/could/should/might+have done。would 表示“将会”,should 表示“应当”。故选 D。10、When it comes to death,Vincent Van Gogh _ by others in that his wound didnt indicate suicide,while Albert Einstein _ longer but he refused surgery,Amay have been killed;should have lived Bshould have been
16、killed;should have lived Cmay have been killed;must have lived Dshould have been killed:must have lived 答案:A 解析:考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:谈到死亡,文森特梵高可能被其他人杀害,因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀,而阿尔伯特爱因斯坦本应该活得更长,但他拒绝接受手术。A.may have been killed;should have lived 可能被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;B.should have been killed;should have lived 本应该被其他人杀害,本应
17、该活得更长;C.may have been killed;must have lived 可能被其他人杀害,一定活了很长;D.should have been killed:must have lived 本应该被其他人杀害,一定活了很长。结合句意,may have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测,should have done 本应该做某事,实际未做,符合句意。故选 A 项。11、_I had more money,I could buy a car.AOnly ifBIf everCIf onlyDEven if 答案:C 7 解析:考查状语从句的从属连词。句意:要是我有更多钱就好了
18、,我就可以买一辆车。A.Only if 只有,除非;B.If ever 如果曾经有;C.If only 要是就好了;D.Even if 尽管。分析句子可知,此处是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,再结合句意可知,此处用 if only“要是就好了”符合语境和语法要求,故选 C 项。12、He was in great trouble,but he behaved as if nothing_ Awas happeningBhas happened ChappenedDhad happened 答案:D 解析:考查时态。句意:他遇到了很大的麻烦,但他表现得若无其事。此处 as if“好像”,引导方式状语
19、从句,是虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,句子用过去完成时态,故选 D。13、How impressive Chinas 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!Definitely.If only I _ on the scene!AwasBwereChave beenDhad been 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:国庆 70 周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻。当然,要是我在现场就好了。此处考查对过去的虚拟,用 if only sb.had done sth.,故选 D 项。小提示:本题考查 if only(要是就好了)引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气,虚
20、拟语气一般有三种情况:与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时;与将来事实相反用过去将来时。例如 8 If only I had tried my best years ago。要是我几年前尽全力就好了。If only I were in china at present.要是我现在在中国就好了。14、He _ his potential had it not been for his desire to meet new challenges.Awould never have realizedBwould never realize Cnever realizedDhad n
21、ever realized 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是因为他渴望迎接新的挑战,他就不会实现他的潜能。分析句子结构可知,本句考查 if 引导的条件句的虚拟,省略 if 倒装的情况,根据语法规则可知,从句中谓语动词用过去完成时,主句谓语动词应用 would have done;分析本句可知,空格处应为主句谓语部分且表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选 A。15、I would not be seeing the film Green Book now _ me up in time.Awere Kathy not to pickBhad Kathy not picked Cif Kathy
22、 hasnt pickedDif Kathy did not pick 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要是 Kathy 没有及时接我,我现在就不会在看绿皮书了。此处是描述的与过去事实相反的假设,从句应谓语动词使用过去完成时;当虚拟条件句中有 had(助动词)/should/were 时,可以省略if,将 had(助动词)/should/were 提前,构成倒装结构。故 B 选项正确。小提示:虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况,可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。我们可以记住这样一个原则,即把时态向过去推一格。9 一、对现在情况的虚拟 条件从句
23、中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你)If I had a map now,we could easily get out of the forest.如果现在有地图,我们能很容易地走出森林。(事实上是现在没有地图)注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是 be 的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用 were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用 was,
24、不过在 if I were.中一般用 were。二、对过去情况的虚拟 条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车)三、对将来情况的虚拟 在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用 should do,were to do 或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should 表示
25、的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。If things were to be twice,all would be wise.假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)16、He is always seeking excuses for the debt,but Id rather he _ it off as early as possible.Awould payBwould have paidChad paidDpaid 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:他总是在为债务找借口,但我宁愿他尽早还清。wou
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