大学四级英语写作解析.ppt

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1、 四级作文评分原则四级作文评分原则四级考试大纲写作要求能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记、回答问题和写提纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120-150词的短文，能写短信或便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。四级作文评分原则四级作文评分原则1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2.CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(reward scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。四级作文评分原则四级作文评分原则3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言两个方面

2、对作文进行综合评判。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4.避免趋中倾向。避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分;该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。四级作文评分标准四级作文评分标准1.本题满分为15分2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分

3、(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。四级作文评分标准4.字数不足应酌情扣分：累计字数110-119100-10990-9980-8970-7960-6950-594912345679(1)如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。(2)规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。(3)如果扣为0分，要慎重处理。四级作文题目Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteaneye-witnessaccountofatrafficaccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordi

4、ngtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：1车祸发生的时间及地点2你所见到的车祸情况3你对车祸原因的分析四级作文评分标准及样卷四级作文评分标准及样卷2分：分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。样卷5分：分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。样卷8分：分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。样卷四级作文评分标准及样卷四级作文评分标准及样卷11分：分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少

5、量语言错误。样卷14分：分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。样卷四级作文四级作文2分样卷分样卷IsawtheTrafficAccidentinTianjinRoad.TheTrafficAccidenthasbeenatthemorning,May1Twochildrenbybikewenttoschool.Acarissofast,thestreel.Andthecartouchedtwochildrenbybike,andtheTrafficAccidenthashappened.Oneistouchedsofarwayandtheotherisp

6、utdown.Marypeoplecomehere,andtheysenttotwochildrenwhogotoHospiton.Waitatime,TheploiemenarriverdintheAccidentplace.Myopiontoin:Thecardriverissofastbycar,andHedidntattendationtothechildrenbybikeasidetheroad.Twochildrenbybikedidnthearedthecarcome.Allofabove,IthinkthecardrivermustbeseriertheTrafficAccid

7、ent.四级作文四级作文2分样卷分样卷四级作文四级作文5分样卷分样卷Itwas8:00thismorning,Iwentonmywaytoschool.WhenIjustattheschoolgate,Isawtheterribletrafficaccidenthappend.Astudentridehisbikeinahighspeed,andjustwhenhearrivedtheschoolgate,alargetrucktraveledoutofthegateandhithimdown.Hefliedover3mbeforehisbikehithimontheground.Surely

8、,thepoorboywashurtverybad.四级作文四级作文5分样卷分样卷Ithinktherearetworeasonsfortheaccident.First,itwasjustthetimewebeganourfirstclass,thebikeriderperhapsdidnotwanttobelate,heridehisbikesofast,evendidntlowdownhisspeedatthegate.Secend,thetruckistoolarge,andatthattime,thereweretoomanypeoplewalkthroughthegate,soth

9、ebikedriverhavenootherwaytochose,buttorideinthemiddleoftheroad.四级作文四级作文8分样卷分样卷 The trafic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways when I was driving my car home at about 4 oclock.The yellow car involed in the accident was running at a high speed along the right-hand when it happened

10、.Hardly it reached the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another direction.There was no time for the drivers to change the directions.四级作文四级作文8分样卷分样卷 I think the accident mostly attributed to such reasons:Firstly and the foremost,it was the carelessness of both of the drivers that m

11、ostly made the accidents happen.It was not too careful for them when running a car.Secondly,the weather also should be responsible for it.The fog made the vision of drivers vague.Last but not the least,the constructure of the roads was unreasonable.The trafic lights are needed at any junctions.四级作文四

12、级作文11分样卷分样卷 It was last Friday morning.The accident happened when I was on my way to school.It was so terrible that I would never forget it.I was walking along the road,and there are not so many cars on the road.Then,with a big sound,the accident happened.The red car stoped suddenly on the road so t

13、hat the driver of following car couldnt respond immediately.The back of the red car was badly damaged,but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident.四级作文11分样卷 I think the main reasons are as follows:First of all,the red car shouldnt stop suddenly without any signals.Secondly,the follow

14、ing car should keep a certain distance from the front car so that the driver could have enough time to take measurs when any badly situation.Finally,these two drivers were careless.If they had paid more attention to driving,this accident wouldnt have happened.四级作文四级作文14分样卷分样卷 It was the morning of A

15、pril 6th,2003.At about 7:30,I went to school by bike as usual.It was a rainy day and the road was slippery.On the way,I noticed a boy riding in front of me,talking loudly with his friends.He didnt wear a raincoat;instead he held an umbrella in one hand,and rode with another hand.As he turned left to

16、 Guangming Road,he failed to see a car coming from behind a truck parked on the corner.Suddenly I heard a big noise and saw an umbrella thrown away.The boy was knocked down by the car.I was completely shocked.四级作文四级作文14分样卷分样卷 I think the boys absent-mindedness accounted much for the accident.He was

17、talking all the time and dangerously used an umbrella while riding a bike.The weather also played a role in the tragedy.The third cause was the unproperly parked truck,which was big enough to make the road conditions invisible to the students who were going to make a turn.All these contributed to th

18、is accident.你在用你在用Chinglish写作吗？写作吗？英语写作常见错误与分析英语写作常见错误与分析 v一一 不一致（不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等例 When one have money,he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么)v剖析：改为：Once one has money,he can do what he wants(to do)二 修饰语错位（修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位

19、置，句子的含义可能引起变化例IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.v三三 句子不完整（句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生例Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析：本句后半部分forexamplebyTV,rad

20、io,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句改为：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.v四四 悬垂修饰语（悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）v所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：At the age of ten,my grandfather died.这句中at the age of ten“v改为：When I was ten,my grandfather died.v例 To do well in co

21、llege,good grades are essential.v剖析：句中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚改为：To do well in college,a student needs good grades.五五 词性误用词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等例Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析：negative系形容词，误作动词。改为：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.六六 指代不清指代

22、不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)坚持八条英文写作守则坚持八条英文写作守则1.Organize your thoughts before writing:brainstorm、make an outline、etc.2.Write clearly.Be concise.Avoid wordiness.写

23、作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences.使用好的文法，写出完整句子。4.Write simple sentences.Avoid a fancy style.尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words.避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字 6.Avoid use of the first person(i.e.I/me/my)unless necessary to specific piece.除非必要，避免使用第一人称：如“我/我的”。7.Writin

24、g naturally.Read it aloud.Does it sound natural?Does it flow?自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗？通顺吗？8.Move logically from one idea to the next.Dont skip steps.上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。阅读优秀范文阅读优秀范文首先要搞好阅读。阅读是写作的基础，在阅读方面下的功夫越深，驾驭语言的能力也就越强。所以要写好英语先要读好英语，在语言学习方面狠下苦功，教科书要读透，因为教科书中的文章都是一些很好的范文，文笔流畅，语言规范，精彩的一些课文段落要背诵。再就是要进行大量课

25、外阅读，并记住一些好文章的篇章结构。加强练词造句训练加强练词造句训练其次，要加强练词造句的训练。词句对作文相当于造房的材料，无好材料就造不出好房子。平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累，把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记。平时在练习中的错误也要做好记录，再对照正确句子，使地道的英语句子如同条件反射，落笔就对。了解英语写作格式还有，要了解英语写作的不同体裁与格式。可以先看一本介绍英语写作入门的书，对英语写作有一个初步的概念，如怎么写议论文，如何提出论据，如何展开，如何确定中心句；又如，英语信的格式，如何根据不同身份写不同结束语等，然后根据不同的体裁进行写作练习。用英语写日记用英语写日记要养成记英语日记勤练

26、笔的好习惯。经常用英语记日记，等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提高英语协作的行之有效的好办法。在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型、关联词和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。还有要按照题目或所给情景写文章练笔。写好后对照范文，找出差距，然后再练习，这对提高英语作文也很有帮助，在游泳中学会游泳，只有多练习才能练好。写好英语文章的写好英语文章的20字诀字诀 Agreement:主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。Ambiguity:尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。Brief:文章简为贵，要抓住要点，简明扼要。Coherence:文理通顺，前后连贯。Developm

27、ent:主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。Division:词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和种子片段。Figures:正确合理使用各类修辞格式。Inflated diction:不使用做作的语言。Key:用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。Logical:内容要符合逻辑。Message:信息要新鲜、确实、可信。Omit:合理删除多余的不必要部分。Proposition:主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation:正确适时使用标点符号。Relevant:文章一定要要题。Sentence pattern:句型要尽量多样化。Straight:开门见

28、山，直来直去。Style:文体恰切，适合内容要求。Tense:动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。Theme:选题得当，主题突出 英语写作是语言应用的一个重要方面，也是语言能力测定的重要手段，衡量写作水平的标准便是看其是否能用学过的语言材料，语法知识等用文字的形式来表达描述。书面语言表达一般分为三个过程：思维、组织、表达。先是思维，把要写的东西在脑中思考，这往往是个别的，孤立的一些素材，很凌乱琐碎；因此要对此进行组织，把这些思维作出整理，使其条理、系统化，但这还是较粗糙的，可能还有一些用词不当或语言错误；最后才是表达，把组织过的材料仔细推敲，确无问题了再落笔成文。在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词贴切等，这就是写作。上述的三个过程，最难的就是第三个过程，这需要我们有较好的语法知识，掌握一定数量的句型，习惯用语，熟练的写作技巧，这样才能写出通顺生动的文章来。总之，要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识和能力方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧。