大学英语第一册Unit6(FinalVersion).ppt

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1、Unit 6Sam Adams,Industrial EngineerTeachingGoalsTo learn some useful words&expressions;To enlarge vocabulary by using un-,in-,im-,il-,ir-;To apply some practical language structures;To do some oral and listening practice;To know one of the reading skills;To know the function of subordinating conjunc

2、tions.Teaching StepsTeaching StepsLead-in Questions&Lead-in Questions&IntroductionIntroductionInformation Related to the TextInformation Related to the TextRead Aloud the New WordsRead Aloud the New WordsComprehension of the TextComprehension of the TextExplanation of the TextExplanation of the Text

3、Key to the ExercisesKey to the ExercisesLead-in QuestionsAreyouawell-organizedperson?lDoyouconsideryourselfanefficientperson?lHowwouldyouarouseyourhearersinterest?lWhatcouldwedotostayefficient?lAreyouagoodlistener?lTherearemorecomplaintsthansuggestions?Information Related to the TextInformation Rela

4、ted to the TextAmericaneducationalsystemKindergartenGradeGrade05yearsoldElementaryschoolGrades1-66-11yearsoldJuniorhighOrmiddleschoolGrades7-812-13yearsold(senior)highschoolGrades9-1214-17yearsoldcollegefouryearsforaB.A(BachelorofArts)orB.S.degreeUniversity(2-3)yearsforanM.A.(MasterofArts)orM.S.(Mas

5、terofScience);2-8yearsforaPh.D(DoctorofPhilosophy).NewWords&Expressionsefficiency,industrial,elementary,upper,drawer,bureau,underwear,pants,expert,utensil,foundation,career,engineering,unfortunately,bossy,project,bachelor,short-term,consultant,amaze,whatsoever,inspect,shipment,sleeve,uncomfortable,r

6、elieve,boring,workroom,furthermore,irregular,absent-minded,assembly,recognize,shift,daydream,observation,oral,findings,inspection,redesign,decrease,worktable,operator,management,background,beautify,setting,productive,promotion,incentive,suggestion,co-owner,complimentsUsefulExpressions工艺，工业美术工艺，工业美术E

7、fficiency wage绩效工资绩效工资Industrial artUpper class上层社会上层社会Elementary teacher小学教师小学教师擅长于，熟练于擅长于，熟练于Expert at/on/in为为打下打下/奠定基奠定基础础Lay the foundation forFBIFederal Bureau of InvestigationUsefulExpressions职业妇女职业妇女 短期贷款短期贷款Career womenShort-term loansProject oneself突出突出/表现自己表现自己单身未婚女子单身未婚女子Bachelor girlCPPC

8、CChinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference Roll up ones sleeves着手做事着手做事缓解压力缓解压力Relieve pressureComprehension of the TextComprehension of the TextTrue/False1.Samlikedneatnesswhenhewasachild.2.Samsaidthathewasmodestenoughtotakeothersadvice.3.Mr.Hobbsownedabigandefficientfactory.4.Shirtswerenot

9、givenafinalinspectioninthefactory.Comprehension of the TextComprehension of the Text5.Theassemblylineworkflowwasregular.6.Sambelievedthattheplantsworktablesweretoolow.7.Duringhisfirstweekinthefactory,Sampaintedpicturesonthewall.8.Mr.HobbswasnotpleasedwithSamsreportandimmediatelysenthimaway.lPart div

10、isionMain IdeasParasParts26-19Exemplification:After graduation,I worked as a short-term consultant(6).After making observations(7-10),I reported my findings to the boss(11-7)and he thanked me(18-9).I was well-organized and efficient(1-4),but a bit bossy(5).11-5Paragraph OneParagraph OneIfyouaskmymot

11、herhowIhappenedtobecomeanindustrialengineer,shelltellyouthatIhavealwaysbeenone.howIhappenedto:whatledmeto;howitcameaboutthatI(became)e.g.Thepolicemenwanttoknowhowshehappenedtobeonthespot.警察想知道她怎么偏偏在这个地方。警察想知道她怎么偏偏在这个地方。IndustrialengineerIndustrialengineerIndustrialengineerIndustrialengineeringisthed

12、etailedanalysisoftheuseandcostofmen,materialsandequipmentinanorganization,withaviewtoincreasingitsproductivity,profitandefficiency.Thosewhoareinvolvedinthiskindofanalysisarecalledindustrialengineers.IndustrialengineerAsforanindustrialengineerhisdutiesareprimarilytocoordinatepersonnel,materialsandmac

13、hineryanddeterminethemostproductiveandefficientuseofeach.Paragraph Meaning:如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一个人。一个人。Paragraph Two:ShemeansthatIhavealwayswantedeverythingtobewellorganizedandneat.WhenIwasstillinelementaryschool,Ilikedtokeepmysocksintheu

14、pperlefthanddrawerofmybureau,myunderwearintheupperrightdrawer,shirtsinthemiddledrawer,andpants,nearlyfolded,inthebottomdrawer.Paragraph Two1.ShemeansthatIhavealwayswantedeverythingtobewellorganizedandneat.neat:adj.整洁的整洁的,灵巧的灵巧的,优雅的优雅的e.g.aneatdesk整洁的书桌整洁的书桌Catsareneatanimals.猫是爱整洁的动物Neat/tidyneat指指“

15、干净而整齐的干净而整齐的”,含“细节不乱细节不乱”的意思,如:aneathouse干净整齐的房间。tidy侧重“整齐、有条理的整齐、有条理的”,如:Shekeepsherroomtidy.她的房间保持得井然有序。ElementarySchoolBureau(AmE)Achestofdrawersforbedroomuse(卧室五卧室五斗柜斗柜)Bureau:1.agovernmentdepartmente.g.publicsecuritybureau公安局2.abusinessoffice,esp.onethatcollectsand/orkeepsfactse.g.aninformation

16、bureau资料室，传达室Paragraph Meaning:她的意思是说，我一贯希望把样样东西都安排得井井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放在衣柜左上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉里，衬衫放在中间的抽屉里，叠得整整齐齐的裤子放在最下面的抽屉里。ParagraphThree:In fact,I was the efficiency expert for the whole family.I used to organize my fathers tools,my mothers kitchen utensils,my sisters boy friends.ParagraphTh

17、ree“Efficiencyexpert”:noun+nounTherearemanyotherexamplesofsuchcombinationsinthetext.e.g.workflow,qualitycontrolinspection,assemblyline,machineoperatorParagraphThreeEfficiencytheabilitytodosth.Welln.效率，效能，功效效率，效能，功效e.g.Howtoraiseworkefficiencyisimportanttotheowner.对这位老板来说，对这位老板来说，如何提高工作效率很重要。如何提高工作效率

18、很重要。Efficiencyexpert效率专家效率专家Laborefficiency劳动效率劳动效率Workefficiency工作效率工作效率ParagraphThreeEffective/efficientEffective和和efficient都有都有“有效的有效的”意意思。思。Effective意为意为“有效的有效的”，指能产生预期指能产生预期的或较长久的效果的或较长久的效果；efficient意为意为“效率高的效率高的”，“得力的得力的”，有做事呀起作用快而且好的含义有做事呀起作用快而且好的含义。ParagraphThreeexpert:(n.)apersonwithspecial

19、traininginacertainfielde.g.NieWeipingisanexpertatchess.(a.)skillfule.g.NieWeipingisexpertat/inplayingchess.ParagraphMeaning:事实上，我那时一直是全家人事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨的效率专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。安排。Paragraph Four:Ineededtobeefficient.Iwantedtobewellorganized.Forme,therewasaplac

20、eforeverythingandeverythingwasalwaysinitsplace.Thesequalitiesgavemeagoodfoundationforacareerinindustrialengineering.Paragraph FourThesequalitiesgavemeagoodfoundationforquality:n.highdegreeofgoodness;specialcharacteristicofsth.orsb.质量质量,品质品质,性质性质E.g.apoorqualityofcloth品质低劣的布料品质低劣的布料qualitiesofleaders

21、hip领导才能Paragraph Meaning:我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管理打下了良好的基础。事工业管理打下了良好的基础。Paragraph Five:Unfortunately,IwasalsoabitbossyandIwasntaverygoodlistener.YoullseewhatImeanwhenItellyouaboutthefirstprojectIeverdidaft

22、erIfinishedmybachelorsdegreeattheuniversity.Paragraph FivebachelorsdegreeParagraph FiveAcademicDegreeA.B.orB.A.BachelorofArtsA.M.orM.A.MasterofArtsB.B.S.BachelorofBusinessScienceB.C.L.BachelorofCivilLaw民法学士Paragraph FiveB.D.BachelorofDivinity神学学士B.Lit,B.LittorLit.B.BachelorofLetters文学士(orLiterature)

23、B.L.L.orL.L.B.BachelorofLawsB.S.,B.Sc.,orSc.B.BachelorofScienceM.B.A.MasterofBusinessAdministrationParagraph Five学院与大学学院与大学美国高等院校中，学院(College)主要提供大专课程和四年制大学本科课程，分别称二年制学院(Two-yearcollege)或四年制学院(Four-yearcollege)。大学(University)则是一种综合性较强的学府，往往会包括学院(College)、研究生院(GraduateSchool)和若干专业学院(ProfessionalSchoo

24、l)，一所大学可以同时开设理、工、农、医、人、文和社会等学科的大学或研究生课程，有的大学(通常是州立大学)本身是一个宠大的体系，分有许多不同的校园(campus)。Paragraph Five大学教育大学教育二年制学院(Two-yearCollege)提供初级阶段的高等教育，学生学完两年的课程之后可以取得准学士学位(AssociateinArts,AssociateinScience)。这种教育又分成两类，一类是一般性教育，学生学习相当于四年制大学一、二年课程，所得的学分可以转到四年制大学；另一类是职业教育，所开设课程是为学生在社会上就业作准备，学生完成学年的学习后就从事技术的工作，不再攻读学

25、位，二年学院的名称各叫地方学院(CommunityCollege)，也有的叫初级学院(JuniorCollege)。地方学院通常是地方政府兴办的。二年制学校收的学费比较低，招生要求也不高，Paragraph Five四年制学院(Four-YearCollege)和大学(University)提供学士学位(BachelorofArts，BachelorofScience，即BA或BS)课程。多数四年制学院的专业设置范围包括文理科的一般教育(LiberalArts)，即人文社会科学和自然科学的基础学科，有的也开设一些较专门的或应用性的科学，入学要求比两年制的高。Paragraph Meaning:

26、遗憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。Paragraph Six:AftergraduationIreturnedhometomysmalltowninIndiana.Ididnthaveajobyet.Mr.Hobbs,afriendofmyfathers,ownedasmallshirtfactoryintown.Withinthepastfiveyearsithadgrownfromtwentytoeightyworkers.Mr.Hobbswasworriedthathisplan

27、twasgettingtoobigandinefficient,soheaskedmetocomeinonashort-termbasisasaconsultant.ParagraphSix1.Indiana(TheCrossroadsofAmerica)Paragraph Six2.soheaskedmetocomeinonashort-termbasisasaconsultant.:comein:v.进来,到达终点,流行起来,当选,(钱)到手Paragraph Sixe.g.Whendidtheshortskirtfirstcomein?短裙是什么时候开始流行的?Hasthetrainco

28、meinyet?火车到站了吗?comeinthird得第三名WheredoIcomein?我的作用在哪儿呢？Paragraph Six:onashort-termbasis:temporarily;foraperiodoftimeSimilarly:(towork)onafive-day-a-weekbasis(toholdajob)onafull-timebasis(topay)onapiece-workbasis毕业后我回到家乡印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心他的工

29、厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问。Paragraph Meaning:Paragraph Seven and Eight:I went to the plant and spent about a week looking around and making notes.I was really amazed at what I saw.Most curious of all,there was no quality control whatsoever.No one inspected the final product of the factory.As a re

30、sult some of the shirts that were put in boxes for shipment were missing one or two buttons,the collar,even a sleeve sometimes!Paragraph Seven and Eight1.andspentaboutaweeklookingaroundlookaround:v.(=lookround)到处寻找,察看,观光,游览e.g.“CanIhelpyou?Isthereanythingyouparticularlywant?”“No,thanyou,Iamjustlooki

31、ngaround.”“Haveyougotajobyet?”“No,Idliketolookaroundabit.”Paragraph Seven and Eight2.IwasreallyamazedatwhatIsaw.beamazedat(orby):对感到惊奇e.g.Theteacherwasamazedatherrapidprogressinstudies.surprise,astonish,amaze吃惊的程度由弱到强：surprise（由于突然而吃惊）astonishastonish (大吃一惊)amazeamaze（吃惊到了迷惑不解的程度）。Paragraph Seven an

32、d Eight3.therewasnoqualitycontrolwhatsoever.whatsoever:pron.无论什么无论什么e.g.Hewillcomeforthemeeting.Therecanbenodoubtwhatsoeveraboutit.Nothingwhatsoevercanpreventusfromcarryingoutthisplan.Paragraph Seven and Eight4.Asaresultsomeoftheshirtsthatwereputinboxesasaresult:therefore,becauseofthisasaresultof:be

33、causeofe.g.Somestudentswerelateforclassasaresultoftheheavysnow.Paragraph Meaning:我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。到的情况不胜惊讶。最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少了衣领，有时甚至还

34、会短只袖子。了衣领，有时甚至还会短只袖子。ParagraphNine:Theworkingconditionswerepoor.Thetableswheretheworkerssatwereveryhighanduncomfortable.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.Therewasnomusic.Thewallsoftheworkroomswereadullgraycolor.Iwasamazedthattheworkershadntgoneonstrike.Par

35、agraphNine:l1.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,lexceptfor:withtheexceptionof;apartfrome.g.Theroomwasbareexceptforafewchairs.这间房间里除了一些椅子以外什么也没有这间房间里除了一些椅子以外什么也没有.Wehadapleasanttime,exceptfortheweather.除了坏天气外我们过得很愉快除了坏天气外我们过得很愉快.Paragraph NineExpect所引导的词语在句中有与之对应的同类词所引导的词语在句中有与之对应的同类词语，语，而而expect for没这种对

36、应，没这种对应，只是用其他细节只是用其他细节来修正句中的基本内容来修正句中的基本内容。Alltheessaysaregoodexpect Johns.Youressayisgoodexpect forthespelling.ParagraphNine:l2.therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.lrelieve:makelessoreasier;givehelptothoseinneedle.g.adrugthatrelievesheadaches缓解头痛的药ParagraphNine:Letmerelieveyouofthatheav

37、yparcel.让我把你的重包裹解下来吧。让我把你的重包裹解下来吧。torelieveadullevening调剂一下枯燥的晚上调剂一下枯燥的晚上torelievesb.smind解除某人解除某人忧虑忧虑ParagraphNine:3.Iwasamazedthattheworkershadntgoneonstrike.lgo/beonstrike:refusetoworke.g.Theminerswentonstrikebecauseofthelackofsafetyequipment.矿工们因为缺乏安全设备罢工。矿工们因为缺乏安全设备罢工。Iwouldnevergoonstrikeformo

38、remoney.我绝不为加薪而罢工。我绝不为加薪而罢工。ParagraphMeaning:工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁边很不舒服。除了吃午饭的半小时外，全天在旁边很不舒服。除了吃午饭的半小时外，全天没有别的休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。没有别的休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。厂里也不播放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰厂里也不播放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。ParagraphTen:Furthermore,theworkflowwasirregular.

39、Therewasoneespeciallyabsent-mindedyoungmanintheassemblylinewhosewedonbuttons.AfterawhileIrecognizedhimas“BigJim”,whousedtositbehindmeinmathclassinhighschool.Hewasveryslowandalltheshirtswereheldupathisposition.Workersbehindhiminlineonhisshifthadtowaitwithnothingtodo;therefore,agreatdealoftimeandeffic

40、iencywerelostasBigJimdaydreamedwhileheworked.AllweekIwonderedwhyhewasntfired.Paragraph Ten1.assemblylineParagraph Ten2.He was very slow and all the shirts were held up at his position.hold up:delay or cause to stope.g.The train was held up for an hour by the accident.They were held up by fog.他们为雾所他们

41、为雾所耽搁。耽搁。Paragraph Ten3.Workersbehindhiminlineonhisshifthadtowaitwithnothingtodo;:HisfellowworkerswhoworkedfurtherdowntheassemblylinehadtowaitdoingnothingParagraph TenAllweekIwonderedwhyhewasntfired.Fire:dismisssb.fromhisorherjobe.g.Yourefired.你被解雇了。AccordingtotheLawofLabor,bossescantfireworkersatwi

42、llanylonger.根据劳动法,老板们再也不可以任意解雇工人了。Paragraph Meaning:此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐在我后面的在我后面的“大个子吉姆大个子吉姆”。他动作很慢，所有。他动作很慢，所有的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后面的同班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此，在面的同班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此

43、，在“大个子吉姆大个子吉姆”边工作边胡思乱想的时侯，大量边工作边胡思乱想的时侯，大量时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼拜我都在纳闷，为什么他没有被解雇。拜我都在纳闷，为什么他没有被解雇。ParagraphEleven:AfterImadeobservationsforaweek,Mr.Hobbsaskedmeforanoralreportofmyfindings.Icoveredmymajorpointsbytellinghimthefollowing:ParagraphEleven:1.Mr.Hobbsaskedmeforanoralrepo

44、rtofmyfindings.findings:theresultofanyresearchorinjurye.g.Unlikemostresearchers,ProfWangkeepshisfindingstohimself.ThegovernmentpublisheditsfindingsinWashingtonPost.ParagraphEleven:2.cover:包括e.g.Thereviewcoveredeverythingwelearnedlastterm.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。Thispassagedoesnotfullycoverthesubject.Para

45、graph Meaning:我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概就调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概括了一下向他汇报如下：括了一下向他汇报如下：Paragraph Twelve to Seventeen“Ifyouhaveaqualitycontrolinspection,youwillgreatlyimproveyourfinishedproduct.”“Iftheassemblylineisredesigned,asmoothworkflowcanbeachievedandtimeandenergycanbesaved

46、.”“Ifyoudecreasetheheightoftheworktables,themachineoperatorswillworkmorecomfortably.”Paragraph Twelve to Seventeen“Ifthemanagementprovidespleasantbackgroundmusicandbeautifiesthedullsetting,thefactorywillbemuchmoreproductive.”“Iftheworkershaveafifteen-minutecoffeebreakinthemorningandafternoon,theywil

47、lbemoreefficient.”“Ifexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotions,theworkerswillhavegreaterincentivetoproduce.”Paragraph Twelve to Seventeen1.asmoothworkflowcanbeachievedachieve:vt.完成,达到e.g.Theuniversityhasachievedallitsgoalsthisyear.这个大学今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。Hehopestoachieveallhisaimssoon.他希望尽快达

48、到所有目标。Paragraph Twelve to Seventeen2.Ifyoudecreasetheheightoftheworktablesdecrease:v.(causeto)becomeless减少e.g.Thenumberofchildrenintheschoolhasdecreasedthisyear.今年在校的儿童人数减少了。Paragraph Twelve to Seventeen4.thefactorywillbemuchmoreproductive.productive:adj.abletoproducewellormuch生产性的生产性的,生产的生产的,能产的能产的

49、,多产的多产的Paragraph Twelve to Seventeene.g.averyproductivewriter多产作家Un-isaproductiveprefix.un-是一个构词力活跃的前缀。aproductiveeffort生产力Scienceandtechnologyarethefirstproductiveforce.Paragraph Twelve to SeventeenIfexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotionsresultin:v.cause,leadto,bringabout导致e.g.Eatin

50、gtoomuchoftenresultsinsickness.Theaccidentresultedinhisdeath.Paragraph Twelve to Seventeenpromotion:n.anactiontohelpsth.developorsucceed;advancementinpositionorrank促进促进,发扬发扬,提升提升,提拔提拔,晋升晋升e.g.XiaoWanghasgotapromotion.apromotionworker推销员Paragraph Meaning:“如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。“如果把装