人教版高一英语定语从句ppt课件.ppt

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1、Revision1.A raft is a small boat _ _.which/that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams2.Chuck Noland is a businessman _.who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends4.Noah Webster was an American writer _.who published the first American dictionary in 18283.A time machine is a

2、 machine _.that/which lets you travel in time5.The girl _ is my sister.whose skirt is white6.Tomorrow,I will show you the house_.Whose window is face to south The girl who is raising her hand is my sister.He is the policeman who told me the way yesterday.I like the man who is thinking now.I lost the

3、 glasses that/which I bought in Beijing.This is a truck which is made in China.The piano is instrument that is loved by many people.Attributive clauseAttributive clause 1.When talking about people,we use who,whom,whose,that;2.When talking about things,we use which,that,whose.Tips Attributive Clause:

4、定语从句指在从句中起定语作用，定语从句指在从句中起定语作用，并修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子。并修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。是否是定语从句。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，限制性定语从句对先行词起限制

5、、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。不能用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚整或清楚.从句和主句之间须从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开用逗号隔开。如：。如：限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 不用不用“，”与主句隔开与主句隔开 用用“，”与主

6、与主句隔开句隔开 意义上意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除如删除,主句失去意义或意思主句失去意义或意思 表达不完整表达不完整译法上译法上关系词的使关系词的使用上用上 只是对先行词的补充说明只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除如删除,主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思的意思.译成先行词的定语译成先行词的定语“的的”通常译成主句的并列句通常译成主句的并列句1.作宾语时常省略作宾语时常省略 1.作宾语时不可省略作宾语时不可省略2.可用可用 that 2.不用不用that3.可用可用who代替代替 whom 3.不用不用who代替代替whom a.Abraham Lincoln

7、,who led the United States through these years,was murdered on April 14,1865.b.He lives in another town,which is only about an hours ride from here.c.Soon they arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.d.They set up a separate state of their own,where they would be free to keep Negroe

8、s as slaves.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用thatthat，指人时用，指人时用，指人时用，指人时用who(who(主语主语主语主语),whom(),whom(宾语宾语宾语宾语)，指物时，指物时，指物时，指物时须用须用须用须用which.which.作宾语时不能省略。作宾语时不能省略。作宾语时不能省略。作宾语时不能省略。定语从句例句解析定语从句例句解析：(1)The girl who/that is standing there is Mary.(

9、2)The man(whom/who/that)my mother saw in the street is my teacher.(3)The book which/that tells us about the earth is interesting.(who,that指人，在从句中作主语）指人，在从句中作主语）(whom,who,that指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省略指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省略)(which,that指物，在从句中作主语指物，在从句中作主语,不可省略不可省略)(4)The building(which/that)he referred to is beautiful

10、.(5)She lives in a house whose windows face south.(6)The company will employ a person whose English is good.The book whose cover/the cover of which/of which the cover is blue.(which,that指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）(whose指物，在从句中作指物，在从句中作windows的定语）的定语）(whose在从句中指人，作定语在从句中指人，作定语)Whose即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，

11、在从句中作定语，即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语，指物时可与指物时可与of which互换。互换。定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。1.关系代词（关系代词（who,whom,which,who,whom,which,thatthat，whosewhose）指人指人 指物指物在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用Who主语主语宾语宾语Whom宾语宾语Which主语主语宾语宾语that主语主语宾语宾语whose定语定语关系代词和关系副词的作用：关系代词和关系副词的作用：1 1、引导作用、引导作用2 2、替代作用、

12、替代作用3 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 E.g.：1.Those 1.Those whowho want to go please sign your names here.want to go please sign your names here.2.This is the house 2.This is the house wherewhere he was born.he was born.3.Bill,3.Bill,whowho was here yesterday,asked me a lot of was here yesterday,as

13、ked me a lot of questions.questions.1.that1.that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下互换，但在下列情况中一般只能用列情况中一般只能用that,that,不可以用不可以用which:which:a.All that can be done has been done.b.I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.c.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.当先行词为当先行词为all,much,li

14、ttle,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时等不定代词时.NotesNotes a.Ive read all the books(that)you gave me.b.Some students that were punished in the morning were asked by teacher.a.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.b.Its the best novel(that)I have ever read.先行词被先

15、行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时修饰时.先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。a.That white flower is the only one(that)I really like.b.This is the very book(that)I want to find.a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate?b.Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?c.Wha

16、t that is on the table belongs to me?先行词被先行词被one of,the right,the only,the very,the last 等修饰时等修饰时.当主句是当主句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that引导。引导。He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.当先

17、行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时，定语从句时，定语从句要用要用that引导。引导。当当先行词先行词在在主主句中句中或关系代词在从句或关系代词在从句作表语作表语时时.2.2.只能用只能用whichwhich不能用不能用thatthat的情况的情况:引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时.a.Bruce went toward the fire,which was still smoking.b.He came late again,which made the teacher angry.先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。先行词在从句中作介词的

18、宾语且介词前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.如果介词后置：如果介词后置：This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in.This is the house where Lu Xun lived.3.关系代词关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句,as用作关系代词用作关系代词,既可指人既可指人,也可指物。也可指物。在定语从句中可做主语在定语从句中可做主语,宾语和表语。宾语和表语。它常用在它常用在the sameas,suchas,asas,soas 句型中，句型中，as不可省略。不可省略。

19、Such girls as he knew were teachers.他认识的女孩都是老师。他认识的女孩都是老师。I will buy the same bike as yours.我要买和你一样的自行车。我要买和你一样的自行车。若与若与the same(指同一物指同一物)连用连用,构成构成the same.that.结构时结构时,关系代词用关系代词用that。This is the same museum that you once visited.这就是你曾经参观过的那个博物馆。这就是你曾经参观过的那个博物馆。练习题练习题1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、

20、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC3、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA4、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB5、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is

21、 weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB6、This is the last factory _ he used to work at.A、itB、whichC、thatD、whereC7、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB8、They have decided to finish their work,_ I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC9、Th

22、is is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC10、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA关系副词关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于其含义相当于on which,in which,for which，所以可以交替使用。如：，所以可以交替使用。如：The day on which/when I met him first was May 1st.The year in which/when I came here wa

23、s 1998.The reason why/for which he was late was that he got up late.The room in which he lives faces south.which/that he lives in where he lives This is the reason(why/for which/that)he came late.This is the way(that/in which)he did it.有时可用有时可用thatthat代替关系副词，在口语中常可以省略。代替关系副词，在口语中常可以省略。介词介词+关系代词要根据关系

24、代词要根据a.谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g.This is the evidence with which the case is connected.b.先行词 e.g.Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.c.句子表达的意思 e.g.The boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked.d.在非限制性定语从句中，名词代词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系e.g.The workers,some of whom stayed for four year

25、s,came from different countries.e.介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。e.g.We did it in the same way in which he didwhich he did in.3、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA4、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD4、This is the school _ my fath

26、er worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD6、The text is one of the most interesting stories _ learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA9、The man _ you ar

27、e talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB12、I，_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D13、His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me

28、.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D17、There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC定语从句的使用需注意：定语从句的使用需注意：My brother My brother whowho is very clever is v

29、ery clever studies studies chemistry all by himself.chemistry all by himself.使用定语从句勿滥！可以使用单个形容词，使用定语从句勿滥！可以使用单个形容词，或较短的非谓语动词结构的，尽量使用简或较短的非谓语动词结构的，尽量使用简略些的方式。使句子读起来更顺口！略些的方式。使句子读起来更顺口！My brother is clever.He My brother is clever.He studies chemistry all by himself.studies chemistry all by himself.My

30、brother is so clever that he My brother is so clever that he studies chemistry all by himself.studies chemistry all by himself.九、注意事项：九、注意事项：1、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分a、This is the place where he works.This is the place which(that)we visited last year.b、That was the time when he arrived

31、.Do you still remember the days that(which)we spent together?c、This is the reason why he went.The reason that(which)he gave us was quite reasonable.2、关系代词放在介词后面，只能用、关系代词放在介词后面，只能用which或或whoma.This is the boy with whom he worked.b.This is the boy whom he worked with.c.This is the boy who he worked wi

32、th.d.This is the boy he worked with.e.The house where we live is not large.f.The house in which we live is not large.g.The house which we live in is not large.h.The house we live in is not large.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 起连词作用，本身起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语语、表语或定语 即即起连接作用，起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时本身又在从句中作时间、地点或

33、原因状语间、地点或原因状语who,whom(的人）的人）whose(某人的某人的）which(东西，指物东西，指物)that(的人或物，指的人或物，指物或人）物或人）as(象象那样的，和那样的，和相同，正如相同，正如)when(的时候，修的时候，修饰的时间名词饰的时间名词)where(的地方修的地方修饰场所、方位等名词饰场所、方位等名词)why(原因；原因；理理由由)使用要点使用要点1.1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g.The classroom e.g.The classroom thatthat is on the fourth floor

34、 is on the fourth floor is poorly is poorly equipped.equipped.2.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。常可省略。e.g.This is the girl e.g.This is the girl with whomwith whom he works he works.3.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。e.g.I have come to explain the reason e.g.I have come to explain the re

35、ason whywhy I was absent I was absent from the meetingfrom the meeting.(7)Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.(8)I wont forget the factory where my father worked.(9)Tell me the reason why you came late.(when指时间，在从句中做时间状语指时间，在从句中做时间状语)(where指地点，在从句中作地点状语指地点，在从句中作地点状语)(why表示原因，在从句中作原因状语表示原因，在从句中作原因状语)GameGame1.A bookworm is .2.A couch potato is .3.A sports fan is .4.A workaholic is .a person who likesreading very mucha person who spendsa lot of time watching TVa person who loves toplay or watch sportsa person who oftenworks hard