初中被动语态讲解.ppt60100.pptx

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1、英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态第1页/共40页WespeakEnglish.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态Theyclean

2、edtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。昨天教室被他们打扫了。第2页/共40页(一一)被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法:当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，谓语的形式是时，谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的当句子的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动。被动语态由助动词语态由助动词bebe+过去分词过去分词构构成，成，时态时态通过通过bebe表现出来。表现出来。第3页/共40页be+

3、过去分词过去分词(二二)被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化第4页/共40页1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-

4、stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化动词过去分词的变化:第5页/共40页bymanystudents.1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.Englishisstudied2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebythem inthatfactory.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词过去分词第6页/共40页1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主

5、语。将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动3.将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by的宾语放在谓动词之后的宾语放在谓动词之后运用一下吧运用一下吧第7页/共40页They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sun

6、day.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.第8页/共40页1.Theyboughtacomputerlasttermbythemlastterm.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedAcomputerwasbought

7、第9页/共40页They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used the rooms for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us

8、just now.The rooms were used for resting by them.第10页/共40页3.Moreman-madesatellites_inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will+be+PP主语主语+begoingto+be+PP第11页/共40页3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：begoingtobe/willbe+过去分词过去分词1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.bythemintend

9、ays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow.The roomisgoingtobecleanedbyTomtomorrow.第12页/共40页We will held a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us nex

10、t week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.第13页/共40页4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.AmycantakegoodcareofGinabyAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Morewatershouldbe

11、drunkbyyou.第14页/共40页1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.第15页/共40页5

12、.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is/am/are+being过去分词过去分词1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnowbysomeworkersnow.Theroomsarebeingpainted2.HeiswatchingTV.TVisbeingwatchedbyhim.第16页/共40页6.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/hasbeen过去分词过去分词1.Wehavemadeakeybyus.Akeyhasbeenmade2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcomp

13、ositions havebeenfinished byus.第17页/共40页The passive voice被动语态被动语态 英语中动词有英语中动词有主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态两种语态两种语态.主动语主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者,在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示短语表示出来出来.被动语态的被动语态的构成构成:助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词 一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时am (is,are)+donewas(were)+done第18页/

14、共40页1.NowEnglish_bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：主语主语+am/is/are+PP第19页/共40页2.Thelostboy_atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：主语主语+was/were+PP第20页/共40页3.Moreman-madesatellites_inthefuture.A.willsendupB.w

15、illbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will+be+PP主语主语+begoingto+be+PP第21页/共40页4.Threebridges_sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：主语主语+have/has+been+PP第22页/共40页5.Flowers_everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情

16、态动词+be+PP第23页/共40页1.一般现在时：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词 2.一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词 3.现在/过去完成时：has/have/had+been+及物动词的过去分词 4.一般将来时：will+be+及物动词的过去分词 5.含有情态动词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 6.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词歌诀：被动语态歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面字变，过去分词跟后面第24页/共40页(四四)主动语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态:(1)(1)把把原原来的来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被

17、动语态的主语主语;(2)(2)把把谓语动词谓语动词变成变成被动结构被动结构(bebe过去分词过去分词)()(根根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定bebe的形式的形式)。(3)(3)把主动语态中的把主动语态中的主语主语放在介词放在介词byby之后作之后作宾语宾语，将将主格主格改为改为宾格宾格。如：。如：Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesinthefactory.aremadethemby第25页/共40页主变被步骤主变被步骤:1.找宾语找宾语:即

18、动作的承受者即动作的承受者(改为主语改为主语)Hewashedhiscaryesterday.Hiscar3.判断判断新主语新主语的单复数的单复数:确定确定be动词的单复数动词的单复数.be4.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态:即即be动词的时态动词的时态.2.修改谓语的语态修改谓语的语态:即即be+原原V.过去分词过去分词washed5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语:即即by+主语主语(变宾格变宾格).(byhim)yesterday.iswaswas第26页/共40页1.Tombrokethewindow.Thewindow2.Shebrokethewindows.Thewindows3.He

19、cleanstheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomwasbroken byTom.werebroken byher.iscleaned byhimbe动词的单复数变化动词的单复数变化:everyday.第27页/共40页1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkintendays.willbefinished(bythem)2.Theyaregoingtohaveashowtomorrow.Ashowisgoingtobehad(bythem)tomorrow.第28页/共40页1.Amycantakegoodcareofthe

20、catThecat canbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.2.Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongsbythem.shouldbesung 第29页/共40页(四四)被动语态的特殊情况被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.2)Th

21、ebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.3)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.第30页/共40页Atrafficaccident_(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePekingOpera_(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:Thepen

22、_(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,不用被动语态的动词：不用被动语态的动词：第31页/共40页(表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,Thebooks_wellA.weresoldB.s

23、ellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed第32页/共40页1.Manyaccidents_bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause2.Anofficial_bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wa

24、sinterviewed3.Todayalotofinformationcan_online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving4.Imgladtofindthatmanytrees_inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted第33页/共40页5.Driving after drinking wine in China.A.allows B.doesnt allow C.is allowed D.isnt allowed6.Dont worry.Your packa

25、ge here until you come back,so enjoy shopping here.A.will keep B.has kept C.will be kept D.has been kept7.Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A.see B.will see C.are seeing D.are seen第34页/共40页Correcting mistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayin

26、gaball2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?第35页/共40页4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday5)Hisplanissoundedgood第36页/共40页1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍并且保证棍子插直了子插直

27、了;6.用绳子用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态被动语态，80词左右。词左右。第37页/共40页1.树要在春天树要在春天种种;2.树坑要树坑要挖挖得得够大够大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把树树放进放进坑里坑里,扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用脚脚踩实踩实;5.在旁边在旁边插插一根坚一根坚实的长棍子实的长棍子,并且并且保证保证棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用绳子（绳子（rope）把把棍

28、子棍子和和树树绑起来绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.beplantedbedugbigenoughtoodeepputintobekeptstraightpushbacktopushhardwithknockintobekeptstraightbetiedtowithbewateredwell第38页/共40页TreesmustbeplantedinSpring.Theholemustbeduglargeenoughbutnottoodeep.Putthetreeintotheholeanditmustbekeptstraight.Pushtheearthbacktotheholeanditmustbepushedhardwithyourfeet.Knockalongandstrongstickintotheearthbesidethetreeanditmustbekeptstraight.Treescanbetiedtothestickwitharope.Andtheymustbewateredwell.第39页/共40页谢谢您的观看！第40页/共40页