选修八unit2知识点.pdf

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1、第 1 页 Unit 2 Cloning 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇 部分 词语 辨析 1.aloud/loud/loudly 2.obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve 词形 变更 1.object vi.不赞成；反对 objection n.不赞成；反对 2.popular adj.流 行 的，通 俗的，广受欢迎的 popularity n.普及；流行；名望 popularize vt.使普及，使流行 3.resist v.抵(反)抗，抵制 resistance n.抗拒力,抗拒 resistant n.抗拒者 adj.抗拒的，耐的 4.de

2、corate vt.装饰，装璜 decoration n.装饰(品)装璜 5.reason n.缘由；理性 v.分析，推论(理)；劝告 reasonable adj.通情达理的；合理的 unreasonable adj.不合理的；荒唐的 第 2 页 重点 单词 1.differ vi.不同；相异 2.undertake vt.(undertook;undertaken)着手；从事；担当；同意，答应 3.forbid vt.(forbade or forbad;forbidden)禁止；不准；阻挡阻碍 4.accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积 5.owe vt.欠；应当把归功于；感谢，

3、感恩 6.retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝 7.bother vt.打扰 vi.操劳 n.烦扰 8.obtain vt.(正式；尤指通过努力或支配)获得；得到 重点 词组 1.pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇 2.in favor of 赞成；支持；对有利 3.be bound to do 确定；注定(做)4.be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的坏的极佳的状况 重点句型 1.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encour

4、aging.重点语法 同位语从句（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）.词语辨析 (旨在供应完形填空所需材料)1.aloud/loud/loudly【说明】aloud adv.重点在于“出声”(能被人听见，但声音不愿定很大)，通常与 read 等词连用：read aloud 朗读，读出声 shout/call/laugh aloud 大声叫喊笑 loud 作形容词时意为“大声的”，作副词时特指(谈笑等)“大声地”，常用比较级形式；loudly“大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹,不悦耳，与第 3 页 quietly 相对【练习】用 aloud，loud，loudly 的适当形式填空。1).The teac

5、her asked me to read the poem _.2).The radio isn t _ enough.Could you turn it up a little 3).I could hear people over there talking _ with each other about the news.4).Could you speak _ Keys:1).aloud 2).loud 3).loudly 4).louder 2.obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve【说明】obtain 意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要

6、求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。acquire 意为“经过努力逐步获得才能,学问,习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。gain 意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。earn 意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到酬劳或待遇。achieve 意为“得到；获得”，多指成就,目标,华蜜的取得。【练习】用 obtain，acquire，gain，earn，achieve 的适当形式填空。1).How much do you _a week 2).The movie star _ success and wealth.3).He _ e

7、xperience through practice.4).It is through learning that the individul _ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.5).An investor _ by buying stocks that go up in value.Keys:1).earn 2).achieved 3).obtained 4).acquires 5).gains 第 4 页.词性变更（旨在供应语法填空所需材料）1.object vi.不赞成；反对 objection n.不赞成；反对 2.popul

8、ar adj.流 行 的，通 俗的，广受欢迎的 popularity n.普及；流行；名望 popularize vt.使普及，使流行 3.resist v.抵(反)抗，抵制 resistance n.抗拒力,抗拒 resistant n.抗拒者 adj.抗拒的，耐的 4.decorate vt.装饰，装璜 decoration n.装饰(品)装璜 5.reason n.缘由；理性 v.分析，推论(理)；劝告 reasonable adj.通情达理的；合理的 unreasonable adj.不合理的；荒唐的【练习】用括号内所供应词的适当形式填空。1).I strongly object to

9、 _(treat)like a child.2).If no one has any _(object),I will declare the meeting closed us with hope.3).The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _(resist)from staff.4).When will they finish the _(decorate)of the bathroom 第 5 页 5).The building _(decorate)with flags.,the event was a great succe

10、ss.6).Dont let your boss make _(reason)demands on you.7).The president s _(popular)has declined considerably.8).The President is very _(popularize)with Jewish voters.Keys:1).being treated 2).objection 3).resistance 4).decoration 5).was decorated 6).unreasonable 7).popularity 8).popular .重点词汇（旨在供应词汇综

11、合运用所需材料）1.differ vi.不同；相异 difference n.不同之处 different adj.不同的 典例 1).Their house differs from mine in having no garage.他们的房子与我的不同，区分在于他们的没有起车库。2).The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay.双方在酬劳的问题上仍各持己见。重点用法 A differs from B in.A 与 B 在方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over.A 与

12、B 就意见相左 2.undertake vt.(undertook;undertaken)着手；从事；担当；同意，答应，保证(后接 to do)典例 1).She undertook the responsibility for these changes.她担当了做出这些变更的责任。2).He undertook to pay the money back in one month.他答应在一个月之内还钱。3.forbid vt.(forbade or forbad;forbidden)禁止；不准；第 6 页 阻挡阻碍 典例 1).The law forbids the use of che

13、mical fertilizers.法律禁止运用化学肥料。2).I forbid you to tell anyone.我不准你告知任何人。重点用法 forbid sth./doing sth.禁 止，不 许（做 某 事）forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 4.accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积 accumulation n u,c 积累 典例 1).By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。2).Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house i

14、s not cleaned regularly.房屋不经常打扫,尘土很快就越积越多。5.owe vt.欠；应当把归功于；感谢，感恩 典例 1).He owes his father 50.=He owes 50 to his father.他欠他父亲 50 英镑。2).We owe this discovery to Newton.我们的这一发觉归功於牛顿。重点用法 owe sb sth=owe sth to sb 欠(某人)债 owe sth to sb/sth 将某事物归因或归功於某人/事 练习 依据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1).How much do I owe you _ t

15、he groceries 2).He owes his success more _ luck than _ ability.3).I owe a lot _ my wife and children.Keys:1).for 2).to;to 3).to 第 7 页 6.retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝 典例 1).He will retire from the army next year.他明年从部队退役。2).Our forces retired to prepared positions.我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。重点用法 retire from.从退休(役)/退出

16、retire(from.)(to.)退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）7.bother vt.打扰 vi.操劳 n.烦扰 典例 1).I am busy;don t bother me now.我很忙，现在别打扰我。2).I am sorry to bother you,but can you tell me the time.对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点 重点用法 bother with/about 一为而苦恼；因操劳 bother to do/doing 费神做 练习 依据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。8.obtain vt.(正式；尤指通过努力或支配)获得；得到obtainable

17、 adj 能得到的;可获得的 典例 1).I haven t been able to obtain that record anywhere.我到处都没买到那张唱片。2).He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means.他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。重点用法 obtain sth from sb/sth 从获得某物 练习 依据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).Are his records still _(obtain)第 8 页 2).Further information can be

18、 obtained _(介词)head office.Keys:1).obtainable 2).From.重点词组（旨在供应综合运用所需材料）1.pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇 典例 1).At last,his hard work paid off.最终，他的努力得到了回报。2).Did your plan pay off 你的支配成功了吗 短语归纳 pay 短语：pay for 付的钱；为而付出代价 pay back sth.(pay sb.back sth.)偿还 pay sb.(.)for sth.因某事而付某人 pay sb.(.)to

19、do sth.付某人()去做某事 练习 用与 pay 相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。1).After ten years of hard working she finally _ _ her debt.2).Our efforts are sure to _ _.3).Her parents _ _ America.4).Have you _ the milkman this week 5).Have you _ the money _ the bank yet 6).I will _ you _ next week.7).I paid the boy ten yuan _(clean)

20、the window.Keys:1).paid off 2).pay off 3).paid for 4).paid 5).paid;to 6).pay;back 7).to clean 2.in favor of 赞成；支持；对有利 典例 1).I am in favor of your suggestion.我赞成你的提议。2).I talked to Susan about it,and she s all in favor of 第 9 页 going.我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。重点用法 ask a favor 请求帮忙 do sb.a favor=do a favor for

21、 sb.帮某人的忙 3.be bound to do 确定；注定(做)典例 1).The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明每天气确定会变好。2).You ve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam.你下了这麽大工夫,确定能考及格。4.be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的坏的极佳的状况 典例 1).The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage

22、.此船的现状不适宜远航。2).The car is still in excellent condition.这小车状况极佳。短语归纳 condition 短语：out of condition 健康状况欠佳 working/living/syudying conditions 工作,生活,学习环境 on condition(that).在条件下；倘如 on no condition 一点也不;决不.重点句子（旨在供应句子结构等所需材料）1.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.她（多莉羊）似乎生长正

23、常的事实很鼓舞人心。说明“that she seemed to develop normally”是一个同位语从句，作 the fact 的同位语。同位语从句一般由 that 引导，常放在 fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，第 10 页 report 等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行词是problem，question 或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用 whether 或其他的疑问代词或副词。如：1).The news that he has been el

24、ected president of the United States is true.他当选美国总统的消息是真的。2).The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.我们是否该接着试验的问题还没有被解决。3).I have no idea where the new library will be built.我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪。练习 依据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1).The truth _ heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to us all.2).The question _ we ndde to spend more time on the project has not been discussed.3).The explanation _ he had met with an accident on his way was acceptable.Keys:1).that 2).whether 3).that