虚拟语气讲解与练习.ppt

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1、虚拟语气与真实条件句的区别试比较下面的句子：1.If you come here tomorrow,I will give you a hand.2.If you came here tomorrow,I would give you a hand.3.If you came yesterday,I would give you a hand.4.If you had come yesterday,I would have given you a hand.5.If it rains,I will not come.6.If it rained,I would not come.7.If it

2、 should rain tomorrow,I would not come.真实条件句：真实条件句：虚虚 拟拟 语语 气：气：真实条件句表示有实现的可能，然而虚拟语气指的是一种假设并不能实现。真实条件句表示有实现的可能，然而虚拟语气指的是一种假设并不能实现。1，3，52,4,6,7虚拟语气讲解与练习 刘宏斌v一一虚拟语气的种类虚拟语气的种类 虚拟语气一般分为四种，如下图所示：虚拟语气一般分为四种，如下图所示：时间时间 主句主句 从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反Would/could/should/might +dodid/were与过去事实相反与过去事实相反Would/could/sho

3、uld/might+have done had done与将来事实相反与将来事实相反Would/could/should/might+dodid/were to/should do混合时态虚拟语气混合时态虚拟语气Would/could/should/might+do /be doing Would/could/should/might+have donehad done but+事实事实各个时态的例子1.与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：If I were you,I would take all his advice.If I had time,I would go there with my

4、 friends.If I had enough money,I would buy a second computer.2.与过去事实相反：与过去事实相反：If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have been punished.If you had studied hard,you would have passed the exam.If it hadnt been for the flood,we would have got a good harvest.3.与将来事实相反：与将来事实相反：If it were to rain/should

5、rain/rained tomorrow,I wouldnt come.If he were to come/should come/came,the problem would be settled.Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be delayed until next week.4.混合时态虚拟语气：混合时态虚拟语气：If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt be crying here.I would have come to your help,but I was busy yester

6、day.虚拟语气在倒装句中的使用虚拟语气在倒装句中的使用v虚拟语气的从句如果省略if就要变成倒装句，例子如下：Were it to rain tomorrow,I wouldnt come to your help.Should it rain tomorrow,I wouldnt come to your help.=If Were it to rain tomorrow,I wouldnt come to your help.=If it Should rain tomorrow,I wouldnt come to your help.Had it not been for his hel

7、p,I wouldnt have finished the work on time.=If it hadnt been for his help,I wouldnt have finished the work on time.结构：（结构：（1）were 主语主语(not)to do,+主句主句 （2）should主语主语(not)do，+主句主句 （3）had主语主语（not)done,+主句主句虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用v1.it+be+suggested/advised/requested+that sb should do 或者或者 do.It is su

8、ggested that the work should be settled right now.或或It is suggested that the work be settled right now.It is advised that more efforts(should)be made to improve the quality of the product.It is requested that everybody（should)keep law and order.It is ordered that all the soldiers(should)make clear w

9、arnings before shooting.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用v2.it is important/necessary/strange/odd/proper/natural/imperative/a pity/a shame that+主语（主语（should)+do/be doing/have done1.It is important that we(should)master English in modern society.2.It is strange that the little girl(should)have spoken to her

10、 mother like that.3.It is necessary that everyone(should)come here in time.4.It is strange that the little girl(should)be speaking to her mother like that.练习一（主语从句）v1.It is important and necessary that one _ a foreign language so that he can be better equipped for his future.A.learns B.learned C.lea

11、rn D.will learn 2.It is necessary that people both young and old in China _ some English to be prepared for the world-wide communication.A.learn B.will learn C.must learn D.shall learn 3.It was strange that he _ so many mistakes in the exam yesterday.A.make B.should have made C.made D.should make CA

12、B虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用（1）v1.表示命令、建议、要求、愿望、决定等动词之后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，并且should可以省略。这些动词为：v(1).The doctor advised that he(should)give up smoking right now.v(2).The general ordered that all the soldiers(should)give clear warnings before shooting.v(3).The man insisted that we(should)apologize to him.v(4).The little boy

13、 insisted that he hadnt stolen any money and that he(should)be set free immediately.v(5).The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased with the result.v(6).Our teacher suggested that we(should)make full preparations for the final exam.Insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,request,require

14、,demand,ask.1,2,3,4 原则原则虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用（2）2.Wish 的用法 （1)对现在虚拟用一般过去式did/were,I wish I were a bird.(2)对过去虚拟用过去完成时had done,I wish I had gone there with you yesterday.(3)对将来虚拟用过去将来时would/could do,I wish I could come to your party.Wish 的用法语if only 的用法一致，不详细讲述。3.Would rather的用法 （1）对现在或将来虚拟用一般过去式did/were，I w

15、ould rather he went with me tomorrow(now）.（2）对过去虚拟用过去完成时had done，I would rather she had done that yesterday.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用练习1.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he_ badly wounded and that he_ at once.A.should be,be operated on B.were,must be operated on C.was,should be operated D.was,be op

16、erated on2.I advised that he_ to the hospital at once,but he insisted that he_ quite well then.A.be sent,was feeling B.was sent,should feel C.be sent,feel D.should be sent,should feel3.The bus driver insisted that he_ at a normal speed and therefore _for the childs death.A.drive,not answer B.was dri

17、ving,shouldnt answer C.should drive,shouldnt have answered D.drove,shouldnt answer 4.How I wish you_ to my birthday party last night.A.came B.would come C.had come D.would have come 5._ your advice,I would have had no trouble with my papers.A.Had I followed B.If I followed C.If I have followed D.Onc

18、e I followed DADCA虚拟语气在表语从句中的使用1.当insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,request,require,demand,ask引导主语从句，它们的表语从句也要用虚拟语引导主语从句，它们的表语从句也要用虚拟语气。气。(1).What the teacher suggested was that we(should)work at English.(2).What the general ordered was that the soldiers(should)give clear warnings before s

19、hooting.2.表示命令、建议、要求等词的名词需要用表语从句的时候，表语从句也表示命令、建议、要求等词的名词需要用表语从句的时候，表语从句也要用虚拟语气。要用虚拟语气。（1).My suggestion is that we(should)go there right now.(2).His advice was that everyone(should)come here on time.(3).The generals order was that every soldier(should)do their best to save the suffering people.虚拟语气在

20、同位语从句中的使用练习当表示命令、建议、要求的名词出现其后接同位语从句时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气，should 可以省略。这些动词为：demand,require,request,recommend,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,desire,intend,insist,decide,determine等。等。Not all of us agreed to his suggestion that more attention(should)be given to the project.My advice that we(should)plant m

21、ore trees around our school was accepted by the headmaster.His request that he(should)be given a rise was turned down.其他方面1.as if/though 的用法(1).如果描述的情况是事实就不用虚拟语气，反之就用虚拟语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.She looks quite unhappy,as if she has lost something.She acted as if nothing had happened.She

22、always talks as if she knew everything of the world.（2）It looks as if the old man could live another hundred years.(将来相将来相反）反）The old man is lying on the ground as if he were dead.(现在相反）现在相反）They ran as fast as they could as if a ghost were chasing them.(现现在进行相反）在进行相反）He ate as if he hadnt had a mea

23、l for years.(过去相反）。过去相反）。其他方面2.It is time that sb did that sb should do(should 一般不省略）一般不省略）例子：我们该睡觉了。例子：我们该睡觉了。It is(high)time that we went to bed.It is(high)time that we should go to bed.3.介词介词without/but for 的使用的使用 如果如果without/but for在句子中表示与事实不相符合就要用虚拟语气，时间在句子中表示与事实不相符合就要用虚拟语气，时间根据实际情况进行分析。根据实际情况进

24、行分析。Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work.Without your help,we could be still in trouble.Without the sun,nothing could live on the earth.4.句中出现了表示转折的连词，如句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or,or else,otherwise等用虚拟语气。等用虚拟语气。He came to help me,or I couldnt have finished the work in time.You did what you were

25、told to,otherwise you would have been punished.其他方面5.表示未曾实现的希望、愿望、企图的动词出现使用虚拟语气，例如:want,hope,wish,expect,mean,plan.I had wanted to come yesterday,but I was too busy.I wanted to have come yesterday,but I was too busy.注意结构上的变化造句：他原本想要看电影，可是去发现挤不出来时间。其他方面6.would/could/might/should/must/ought to/had bet

26、ter/would rather/may/can have done 意为原本.情态动词情态动词+完成时完成时用法用法例句例句Must have done对过去行为的推测，想必，一定对过去行为的推测，想必，一定The lights were out.They must have been asleep.Can/cant have done对过去发生的行为怀疑和不确定，对过去发生的行为怀疑和不确定，通常用在疑问和否定句中通常用在疑问和否定句中He cant have forgotten it.Can he have gone to his aunts?Could have doneCould h

27、ave done肯定句，原本可能，本来可以肯定句，原本可能，本来可以You could have done it better,but you were too careless.May/might have done对过去发生的行为推测，意为或对过去发生的行为推测，意为或许已、也许已。肯定或否定句中。许已、也许已。肯定或否定句中。might语气更加不肯定。语气更加不肯定。It is too late.I think he may have gone to bed.might have done表示本可以，轻微责备表示本可以，轻微责备You might have given him more

28、help,though you were busy.Should/ought to have done本应该做某事，但是实际上没有本应该做某事，但是实际上没有做做You should/ought to have come to the meeting earlier.neednt have done本不必做某事，但是实际上却做本不必做某事，但是实际上却做了了You neednt have taken a taxi,for it was very near to my house.Had better have done 轻微责备，意为轻微责备，意为 当时最好做了某当时最好做了某事事You ha

29、d better have started earlier.Would rather have done表示当时宁愿做了某事表示当时宁愿做了某事I would rather have taken his advice.练习题练习题1.“The interest _ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides”,declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall2.There _difficulties about passing the road

30、test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A.mustnt B.shant C.shouldnt D.Neednt3.Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You_ it.I could manage it myself.A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done4.Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Somethi

31、ng_ to him.A.must happen B.should have happened C.could have happened D.must have happened 5.We _ last night,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would study6.Tom came to work yesterday,but no one has seen him since._ he have has an accident?A.

32、Should B.Must C.Might D.Could DCBDCD练习题练习题7.Thank you for giving me a hand._ in the experiment without your help.A.have failed B.will fail C.would have failed D.must have failed 8.You cant imagine that a top student _ have failed in the college entrance examination.A.might B.need C.should D.would9.W

33、hats the matter with the man hanging his head there?Well,if you _ know,he was caught stealing my bike.A.must B.may C.can D.Shall10.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give11.If he _ the train at that time,he _ here now.A.had caught,w

34、ould have been B.had caught,would be C.caught,would have been D.caught,would be 12.His accent suggests that he _ from Beijing.A.should be B.be C.is D.being 13.I do wish I _ a teacher some day.A.am B.were C.will be D.would be 14.Shall I close the door?Id rather you _.A.wont B.dont C.hadnt D.didnt15.If he _ the doctors advice,he _ quite all right now.A.followed,would be B.had followed,would be C.would follow,has been D.would follow,would be16.It is important that she _ sports every day.A.have B.has C.must have D.would have CCAABCDDBA练习题练习题