英语语法复习总结-虚拟语气.ppt

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1、The Subjunctive MoodI wish I were as tall as you.my computer were as small as his.Part 1 wish（that）sb.与现在与现在/将来事实相反的情况将来事实相反的情况(用过去式用过去式)与过去事实相反的情况（用过去完成式）与过去事实相反的情况（用过去完成式）1.be were2.be able to were able to2.can/may/will could/might/would3.have/has had4.do/does did1.was/were had been 2.did had done

2、I wishI were a bird and could fly in the sky and view the whole city.I wish(that)every daywere my birthday and I could have nice cakes to eat.I wish.I wish I had studied harder.I wish I had passed the exam.Subjunctive Mood类别例句用在动词 wish 后，表示不太可能实现的愿望；如果指现在或将来的愿望，从句的动词用Ved1;如果指过去，从句用had+Ved2;主句中的wish的

3、时态不影响从句中的动词的虚拟语气形式；如果从句中用would，可以表示“请求”，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满1.I wish(that)I were an actor.2.I wish I knew more about the history.3.I wish I had been to Finland.4.He wished his girl friend were there.5.She wished she hadnt done it.6.I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.Part 2if真实条件句（条件状语从句）真实条

4、件句（条件状语从句）虚拟语气虚拟语气What will you do ifit rains tomorrow?I will stay at home surfing on the Internet.Well have music lesson instead of PE in the classroom if it rains tomorrow.真实条件句真实条件句if用于虚拟语气：对现在事实的假设 if从句从句 一般过去式一般过去式(be 都都用用were)主句主句 should(would,could might)+动词原形动词原形What would you do if you were

5、 a teacher?If I _a teacher,I.wereIf he werent addicted to games,he would make greater progress in his studies.What would happen if he were not addicted to games?2.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I wouldIf I had a lot of money,I would.I would.if条件从句 had done 主句should(cou

6、ld might would)+have done been doneif用于虚拟语气：对过去事实的假设If I _busy last night,I _ to see the film with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.would not have had had driven If he _(not receive)the infected blood transfusion that day,had not receivedhe(not infect

7、)with AIDS.could not have been infectedIf I _(know)your telephone number,I _ (telephone)you already.had knownwould have telephonedSubjunctive Mood情况例句现在1.If I were tired,I would have a rest.2.If I knew his address,I could write to him过去1.If he had set out earlier,he would have caught the early bus.将

8、来1.If I should have time tomorrow,I would go to the library.2.If he were to come here this evening,we would invite him to attend the party.3.If it rained this afternoon,the football match would be postponed until next Saturday.Subjunctive Mood省略 if 的条件从句的结构说明例句如果虚拟条件从句的谓语含有were,had 或should,即可省略if，将w

9、ere,had 或should放到主语之前 1.If she were free now,she would go with you.2.If I were to do the experiment,I would save some money.3.If he had not come,they would have gone.4.If he should give up smoking,his illness would be cured.1.Were she free.,she would.2.Were I to do the.,I would.3.Had he not come,the

10、y would have.4.Should he give up.,his.would be.介词介词withoutwithout引导的短语代替引导的短语代替ifif引导的条件从句引导的条件从句说明说明例句例句有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词without 引导的短语来代替1.If there were no water,fish could not live.2.If you had not helped me,I would have failed.3.If the Party didnt lead us,we could not realize.1.Without water,fis

11、h could not live.2.Without your help,I would have failed.3.Without the Partys leadership,we could not realize.混合条件句说明例句有时条件从句和主句的时态不一致，这种句子称作混合条件句1.If you had worked harder,your English would be better now.2.If he had given me the ticket yesterday,I would attend the concert now.3.If it had not been

12、for me then,you would not be alive.如果你过去如果你过去，你的英语现在你的英语现在如果昨天他如果昨天他，现在我现在我要不是那时要不是那时，你现在，你现在Part 3 as if/as though引导的引导的虚拟语气虚拟语气 as if/as though+sb.were.He looks at me as if I.were from Mars.sb.had doneI remember the whole thing as though.I remember the whole thing as though it were yesterday.Subju

13、nctive Mood用在状语从句中（一）说明例句虚拟语气用在由as if 或 as though 引导的比较方式状语从句中，其谓语动词形式与 wish 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式相同 说 在as if/as though 从句中，如果可能成为事实，用陈述语气；如：明 She looks as if she is going to be ill.1.She loves the boy as if she were his mother.2.The necklace made of glass looks as if it were a real diamond necklace.3.She

14、talks as though she had known us for years.4.I remember the thing clearly as if it had happened yesterday.在一个坚持（在一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（两个命令（order,command）,三个建议（三个建议（suggest,advice,propose）,四个要求（四个要求（ask,demand request,require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。，表示建议、要求、命令等。这

15、些词的其他形式，用法相同。这些词的其他形式，用法相同。我建议马上动身。我建议马上动身。I suggest that we(should)set off at once.学生们坚持要多上英语课。学生们坚持要多上英语课。The students insisted that they(should)have more English classes.Part 4 建议、命令、要求类的虚拟语气建议、命令、要求类的虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood说明说明例句例句虚拟语气用在主语从虚拟语气用在主语从句中，主要有以句中，主要有以下几种句型：下几种句型：It is suggested (desired

16、,requested,ordered,proposed,etc)that.从句中的谓语动词从句中的谓语动词常用常用should+V表示，也可省略表示，也可省略should而用而用V1.It is suggested that we should go swimming every day in summer.2.It is requested that she should sing an English song at the party.说明例句用在order,suggestion,demand,request,proposal 等名词后面的同位语从句或者表语从句中，从句的谓语动词应用sh

17、ould+V表示，should 可以省略 同 位 语 从 句 表 语 从 句1.He made a suggestion that we should have a football match with Class Four.2.They received orders that they should start at once.3.Napoleon had a demand that each soldier should answer his three questions.1.My suggestion is that we should carry on an English pa

18、rty.2.His request is that he should be allowed to ask for leave.3.Her proposal is that we should rest for an hour.Its necessary(natural,important,strange,surprising,better,a pity,no wonder)that时，时，从句谓语的虚拟形式用从句谓语的虚拟形式用（should）原形动词）原形动词.高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。It is necessary that a high school

19、student should master a foreign language.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is important that we should speak politely.Part 5Subjunctive Mood说明例句虚拟语气用在主语从句中，主要有以下几种句型：1)It is necessary (natural,strange,important,essential,etc)that.3)It is a pity(a shame,no wonder etc)that.从句中的谓语动词常should+V表示，也可省略sho

20、uld而用V1.It is necessary that we should spend an hour learning English every day.2.It is important that we should learn hard.5.It is a pity that he should tell a lie.6.It is no wonder that an Englishman should know English.7.It is a shame that one should steal something from others.Part6 在it is(high)

21、time that.句型中的虚拟语气说明例句在 It is(high)time that.句型中（that引导的是主语从句），从句用虚拟语气，其动词用Ved1,表示现在或将来的状态或行为，意思是“该干某件事了”，含有晚了一点的意思，为了强调，往往在time前加 high1.It is time that we went home.2.It is time that you handed in your composition.3.It is time that he was(were)off.4.It is(high)time that we started.Part 7 用在If only感

22、叹句中说明例句If only表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”，它的用法和 I wish 基本相同。如与 would 连用，则表示一时很难实现的愿望1.If only he didnt write so carelessly!2.If only she had arrived in time.3.If only the rain would stop!Subjunctive MoodPart 8 would rather 后的 that 从句中的虚拟 说明例句would rather 意为“宁愿”，that 从句动词用Ved1表示还不是事实1.Would you rather(that)she ca

23、me to see me?2.I would rather you posted the letter right away.Part 9 so that,in order that状语从句中的虚拟语气说明例句虚拟语气用在由虚拟语气用在由so that 和和 in order that 引导引导的目的状语从句的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用中，谓语动词用“may(might,can,could)+动词原形动词原形”1.He stayed at school for a few days so that he could finish his experiment in time.2.The teacher spoke slowly in order that she could make herself understood.3.In order that she might discover the element radium Madame Curie did experiment after experiment.4.He started early so that he might not be late.