英语语法定语从句.ppt

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1、 Revision ofthe Attributive Clause定语从句复习定语从句复习高三英语第一轮复习高三英语第一轮复习定义：定义：修饰某一修饰某一名词名词或或词词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，在句子中作定语，并作句子成分。因相引导，在句子中作定语，并作句子成分。因相当于形容词定语，所以又称之为当于形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。形容词性从句。先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.（名词，代词，名词，代词，名词词组，句子）名词词组，句子）关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词

2、。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)=介词介词+whichwhen(时间状语时间状语)=介词介词+whichwhy(原因状语原因状语)=for+which1.The teachers who are present

3、 at our class are all experienced teachers.2.Our class is a big family which consists of 29 girls and 31 boys.3.Yu xujie is the boy whose English study is very good in our class.4.The reason why he studies English very well is that he studies very hard.5.The school where we are studying is very famo

4、us.6.As we all know,our school is 64 years old.wherewhowhoseAswhichwhy1.关系关系副词副词与与 关系关系代词代词的选择的选择2.that与与which3.对对the way的考查的考查4.介词介词+关系词关系词5.as的使用的使用6.对对where的考查的考查7.综合考查综合考查考考点点难难点点1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _we spent together.3.I went to the place

5、I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.whenwhich/thatwhereWhich/thatwhythat/which考点考点1：关系副词：关系副词 与与 关系代词关系代词1)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?2)The only thing _ we can do is to give you some

6、advice.3)Who is the man _ is standing there?4)Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.5)She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点：考点：that 与与 which1：先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等等不定代词或不定代词或 由不定代词由不定代词any,some,no

7、,much,few,little,every,all等等修饰时修饰时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that2：先行词被形容词：先行词被形容词最高级最高级或或序数词序数词修饰且指物时修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that。3：先行词中：先行词中既既有人又有事物有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用时，引导定语从句用 that。4：先行词被：先行词被the very,the only等修饰且指物时等修饰且指物时,引导定引导定 语从句用语从句用that。5：在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中只用只用 that。只使用只使用that应应遵循的规则遵循的规则1.指物

8、，介词后。指物，介词后。2逗号后面逗号后面 只使用只使用which应应遵循的规则遵循的规则做题技巧做题技巧?填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点考点：the way用做先行词用做先行词the way 做先行词时做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否

9、缺少先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语:引导词用引导词用that/which/不填不填(缺宾语时缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺主语宾语都不缺:引导词用引导词用that/in which/不填不填考点考点：the way用做先行词用做先行词The way _ he spoke to his mother surprised me.A.in which B.that C./D.all the aboveIf we want to have a bright future,we must learn to act in ways _ do not harm oth

10、er living things.A.in which B.that C./D.how考点考点4：介词：介词+关系词关系词1.Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.3.I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.5.(06浙江浙江)I was given three books on cooking,the first _I really enjoyed.A.of that B.o

11、f which C.that D.whichto whomwith whichon whichThis is the child whom/that I will take care of.4.译译：这这是我要照是我要照顾顾的小孩。的小孩。难点一：难点一：as as 与与 whichwhich如何如何 选择？选择？1.This is the same pen _I bought yesterday。2.I want to have such a dictionary _he has.3.3._we expect,we won the game.4.4._ is known to all,he

12、is the best student in our5.class.6.asasAsAs1.先行词被先行词被 _修饰了的时候用修饰了的时候用as但但 so/suchas和和so/suchthat有区别有区别2.as引导定语从句可放在引导定语从句可放在_3.as译为译为_。4.as 用于固定用法中用于固定用法中1.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2.It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.总结：总结：the same,such,so句首，句中，句末句首，句中，句末正如，好像正如，好像 5.Tom w

13、as late for school again and again,_made his teacher very angry.6.Tom suddenly fell ill,_made us sad.whichwhich1.which 1.which 引导定语从句只能放在引导定语从句只能放在_2.2.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时，时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which.which.因果关系因果关系结论：结论：句中句中模拟训练模拟训练：1.He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_.A.as;him B

14、.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.She is lucky enough to findthe same handbag _ she lost yeaterday at the airport.A.as B.which C.that D.like在定语从句中在定语从句中the same与与as搭配表搭配表同同一类一类事物事物,与与that搭配表搭配表同一个同一个事物事物1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break ou

15、t at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种

16、地步，在某种境况中”。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）江西）A.why B.where C.how D./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。恰当的关

17、系词。whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whose多指多指人，也可指物，指物时可与人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换互换使用。使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.whose 的用法的用法 wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed

18、the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.when难点三难点三.综合考查综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考

19、查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which that/which定语从句和同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句(1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited.(2)Th

20、e news _he told me yesterday is exciting.(3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you.(4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.thatthat/which/略略thatthat/which3.定语从句和名词性从句定语从句和名词性从句(1)He did all(that)he could to help me.(2)(2)All that can be done has been done.(3)_is

21、 known to us all,the earth turns round the sun.It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China._ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.AsthatWhat(=what)(=what)结论：结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不但当成份名词性从句在主句中担当成分名词性从句在主句中担当成分4.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句(1)This is such a big stone

22、 _no one can lift it.This is such a big stone _no one can lift.(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ he can easily find it.Please put the letter_he can easily find it.thatasin whichwherewhere5.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句 1.I saw some trees,and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.I saw some trees

23、,the leaves of_were black with disease.2.The professor is an ordinary-looking little man,but on his nose there is a pair of golden glasses.The professor is an ordinary-looking little man,on the nose of _there is a pair of golden glasses.结论：结论：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhom1.I,wh

24、o _ your teacher,will help you.A.is B.be C.am D.are2.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(2002上海上海)A.is B.are C.have been D.has been3.He is one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been综合考查综合考查三三：主谓一致主谓

25、一致the only onethe students1.We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2.We should go to the place_ needs us most.A.it B.where C.that D.whatBC对比训练对比训练1.Ying De is a city,_ is famous for its black tea.2.Ying De is a city,_there is a Baojing Palace.A.which B.that C.where D.thereAC对比训练对比训练 1.It was

26、October_we met in Damiao for the first time.2.It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time.A.that B.which C.when D.whileCA对比训练对比训练 1.He is such a good teacher_ we all like him.2.He is such a good teacher_ we all like.A.whom B.that C.as D.whichBC对比训练对比训练 The news camethe British Queens mothe

27、r celebrated her 101th birthday in good health,isnt surprising,because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;which B.which;which C.that;that D.when;as 对比训练对比训练1.This is the factory in _he worked last year.2.This is the very factory _ he visited last year.A.which B.that C.where

28、 D.asBA对比训练对比训练1.Recently I boght an ancient Chinese vase,_ price was very reasonable.2.Recently I bougth an ancient Chinese vase,the price _ was very reasonable.A.whose B.of which C.which D.of whose BA对比训练对比训练1.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.2.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.A.them B

29、.who B.C.which D.whomAD对比训练对比训练 Our class is a big family.It consists of 29 girls and 31 boys.Most of them are mainly from the countryside.Yang hong is a kind-hearted boy.He is always ready to help others.He is such a good boy that we all like him.Our class is a big family which consists of 29 girls

30、 and 31 boys,most of whom are mainly from the countryside.Yang hong is a kind-hearted boy,who is always ready to help others.He is such a good boy as we all like.定语从句的运用定语从句的运用根据下列句子，完成短文。根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，众所周知，20082008年北京将举办奥年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们

31、应抓住现在的学名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。能为奥运贡献自己的力量。注意：要使用定语从句注意：要使用定语从句.As is known to all,Beijing will host As is known to all,Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games.English,the 2008 Olympic Games.English,which is an international language,which is an international langua

32、ge,plays an important part in communicating with plays an important part in communicating with foreigners.foreigners.We Senior Three students should seize this We Senior Three students should seize this opportunity to learn it well,by which we can opportunity to learn it well,by which we can make ou

33、r contributions to the Olympic Games.make our contributions to the Olympic Games.Practice makes perfect!Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!May you succeed in your studies!难点一：难点一：as的用法的用法做题技巧做题技巧?当主句中出现当主句中出现such 或或so 时时,看后面从句是否看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语缺主语或宾语:(1)缺缺主语或宾语主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as(2)不缺不

34、缺主语和宾语主语和宾语,从句前用从句前用that当主句中出现当主句中出现the same时时,后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与或宾语时与as搭配表搭配表同一类同一类事物事物,与与that搭配搭配表表同一个同一个事物事物1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。3.She will never forge

35、t the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A解题思路解题思路:1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词系代词；缺状语，用

36、关系副词4.4.根据上述两步，确定使用关系代词时，要兼顾一些特殊情况。尤其要注意以下几种情况：1、只能用that作关系代词的情况；2、只能用which作关系代词的情况；3、宜用who，而不用that指人的情况；4、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。等。Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分personthingsentencesubjectobjectattributivewhowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial